Difference between revisions of "Philip John Noel-Baker" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | '''Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker''', born '''Philip John Baker''' ( | + | '''Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker''', born '''Philip John Baker''' (November 1, 1889 – October 8, 1982) was a [[politician]], [[diplomat]], [[academic]], an outstanding amateur [[athletics (track and field)|athlete]], and renowned campaigner for [[disarmament]] who received the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1959. |
==Early life and athletic career== | ==Early life and athletic career== | ||
| − | Born Philip Baker, he was born to a [[Canada|Canadian]]-born [[Quaker]] father, [[Joseph Allen Baker]], who moved to [[England]] to set up a manufacturing business and himself served on the [[London County Council]] and in the [[United Kingdom House of Commons|House of Commons]]. Initially educated at [[Bootham School]], [[York]] and then in the [[United States|US]] at the Quaker-associated [[Haverford College]], he attended [[King's College, Cambridge]] from | + | Born Philip Baker, he was born to a [[Canada|Canadian]]-born [[Quaker]] father, [[Joseph Allen Baker]], who moved to [[England]] to set up a manufacturing business and himself served on the [[London County Council]] and in the [[United Kingdom House of Commons|House of Commons]]. Initially educated at [[Bootham School]], [[York]] and then in the [[United States|US]] at the Quaker-associated [[Haverford College]], he attended [[King's College, Cambridge]] from 1910 to 1912. As well as being an excellent student, he became President of the [[Cambridge Union Society]] and the [[Cambridge University Athletic Club]]. |
| − | He was selected and ran for [[Great Britain]] at the [[1912 Olympic Games|Stockholm Olympic Games]], and was team manager as well as a competitor for the British track team for the [[1920 Summer Olympics|1920]] and [[1924 Summer Olympics|1924 Olympics]]. In | + | He was selected and ran for [[Great Britain]] at the [[1912 Olympic Games|Stockholm Olympic Games]], and was team manager as well as a competitor for the British track team for the [[1920 Summer Olympics|1920]] and [[1924 Summer Olympics|1924 Olympics]]. In 1920 at [[Antwerp]] he won a silver medal in the [[1500 metres]]. The exploits of the British team at the 1924 Games were later made famous in the 1982 film ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'', though Noel-Baker's part in such was not portrayed in that film. |
| − | During [[World War I]], Noel-Baker organised and commanded the [[Friends' Ambulance Unit]] attached to the fighting front in [[France]] ( | + | During [[World War I]], Noel-Baker organised and commanded the [[Friends' Ambulance Unit]] attached to the fighting front in [[France]] (1914-1915), and was then adjutant of the First British Ambulance Unit for [[Italy]] (1915-1918), for which he received military medals from France and Italy as well as his own country. |
==Political career== | ==Political career== | ||
| − | After the war, Noel-Baker was heavily involved in the formation of the [[League of Nations]], serving as assistant to [[Lord Robert Cecil]], then assistant to Sir [[James Eric Drummond|Eric Drummond]], the league's first secretary-general. He also spent time as an academic early in his career, as a professor of [[international law]] at the [[University of London]] from | + | After the war, Noel-Baker was heavily involved in the formation of the [[League of Nations]], serving as assistant to [[Lord Robert Cecil]], then assistant to Sir [[James Eric Drummond|Eric Drummond]], the league's first secretary-general. He also spent time as an academic early in his career, as a professor of [[international law]] at the [[University of London]] from 1924 to 1929 and as a lecturer at [[Yale University]] from 1933 to 1934. |
| − | His political career with the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] began in | + | His political career with the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] began in 1924 when he ran unsuccessfully for Parliament. He was elected as the member for [[Coventry]] in 1929, but lost his seat in 1931. In 1936 Noel-Baker won a [[by-election]] in [[Derby (UK Parliament constituency)|Derby]] after [[James Henry Thomas|J.H. Thomas]] resigned; when that seat was divided in 1950, he transferred to [[Derby South (UK Parliament constituency)|Derby South]] and continued until 1970. In 1977, he was made a [[life peer]] as ''' Baron Noel-Baker''', of the City of [[Derby]]. |
| − | As well as a parliamentary secretary role during [[World War II]] under [[Winston Churchill]], he served in a succession of junior ministries in the [[Clement Attlee|Attlee]] Labour Government. He was also prominent within Labour, serving as Chairman of the Labour Party in | + | As well as a parliamentary secretary role during [[World War II]] under [[Winston Churchill]], he served in a succession of junior ministries in the [[Clement Attlee|Attlee]] Labour Government. He was also prominent within Labour, serving as Chairman of the Labour Party in 1946. In the mid-1940s, Noel-Baker served on the British delegation to what became the [[United Nations]], helping to draft its charter and other rules for operation as a British delegate. |
| + | |||
| + | == | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Peace Prize== | ||
==Private life== | ==Private life== | ||
| − | Noel-Baker married Irene Noel, a field hospital nurse, in 1915, adopting the hyphenated name in 1943. Their only son, [[Francis Noel-Baker]], also became a parliamentarian and served together with his father in the Commons. Philip Noel-Baker's mistress from | + | Noel-Baker married Irene Noel, a field hospital nurse, in 1915, adopting the hyphenated name in 1943. Their only son, [[Francis Noel-Baker]], also became a parliamentarian and served together with his father in the Commons. Philip Noel-Baker's mistress from 1936 to 1956 was [[Lady Megan Lloyd George]], daughter of the former [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] leader [[David Lloyd George]] and herself a Liberal and later Labour MP. |
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
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| last = Noel-Baker | | last = Noel-Baker | ||
| first = Philip | | first = Philip | ||
| − | | title = U.N., the Atom, the Veto (speech at the Plenary Assembly of the United Nations | + | | title = U.N., the Atom, the Veto (speech at the Plenary Assembly of the United Nations 25 October 1946) |
| publisher = The Labour Party | | publisher = The Labour Party | ||
| location = London | | location = London | ||
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| location = London | | location = London | ||
| year = 1958 | | year = 1958 | ||
| − | + | ||
}} | }} | ||
*{{cite book | *{{cite book | ||
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| location = Oxford | | location = Oxford | ||
| year = 1979 | | year = 1979 | ||
| − | | | + | | ISBN = 0080233651 |
}} | }} | ||
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| location = Nottingham | | location = Nottingham | ||
| year = 1980 | | year = 1980 | ||
| − | | | + | | ISBN = 0851242979 |
}} | }} | ||
*{{cite book | *{{cite book | ||
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| location = London | | location = London | ||
| year = 1983 | | year = 1983 | ||
| − | | | + | | ISBN |
}} | }} | ||
* Lloyd, Lorna: ''Philip Noel-Baker and the Peace Through Law'' in {{Citation | * Lloyd, Lorna: ''Philip Noel-Baker and the Peace Through Law'' in {{Citation | ||
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| publisher = [[Churchill College, Cambridge]] | | publisher = [[Churchill College, Cambridge]] | ||
| url = http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FNBKR | | url = http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FNBKR | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | }} (timeline of Noel-Baker's life, and index to his papers held at Churchill College) | + | }} (timeline of Noel-Baker's life, and index to his papers held at Churchill College) Retrieved July 18, 2007. |
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[[Category:History and biography]] | [[Category:History and biography]] | ||
Revision as of 13:56, 18 July 2007
| Olympic medal record | |||
| Men's Athletics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Silver | 1920 Antwerp | 1500 metres | |
Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, born Philip John Baker (November 1, 1889 – October 8, 1982) was a politician, diplomat, academic, an outstanding amateur athlete, and renowned campaigner for disarmament who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1959.
Early life and athletic career
Born Philip Baker, he was born to a Canadian-born Quaker father, Joseph Allen Baker, who moved to England to set up a manufacturing business and himself served on the London County Council and in the House of Commons. Initially educated at Bootham School, York and then in the US at the Quaker-associated Haverford College, he attended King's College, Cambridge from 1910 to 1912. As well as being an excellent student, he became President of the Cambridge Union Society and the Cambridge University Athletic Club.
He was selected and ran for Great Britain at the Stockholm Olympic Games, and was team manager as well as a competitor for the British track team for the 1920 and 1924 Olympics. In 1920 at Antwerp he won a silver medal in the 1500 metres. The exploits of the British team at the 1924 Games were later made famous in the 1982 film Chariots of Fire, though Noel-Baker's part in such was not portrayed in that film.
During World War I, Noel-Baker organised and commanded the Friends' Ambulance Unit attached to the fighting front in France (1914-1915), and was then adjutant of the First British Ambulance Unit for Italy (1915-1918), for which he received military medals from France and Italy as well as his own country.
Political career
After the war, Noel-Baker was heavily involved in the formation of the League of Nations, serving as assistant to Lord Robert Cecil, then assistant to Sir Eric Drummond, the league's first secretary-general. He also spent time as an academic early in his career, as a professor of international law at the University of London from 1924 to 1929 and as a lecturer at Yale University from 1933 to 1934.
His political career with the Labour Party began in 1924 when he ran unsuccessfully for Parliament. He was elected as the member for Coventry in 1929, but lost his seat in 1931. In 1936 Noel-Baker won a by-election in Derby after J.H. Thomas resigned; when that seat was divided in 1950, he transferred to Derby South and continued until 1970. In 1977, he was made a life peer as Baron Noel-Baker, of the City of Derby.
As well as a parliamentary secretary role during World War II under Winston Churchill, he served in a succession of junior ministries in the Attlee Labour Government. He was also prominent within Labour, serving as Chairman of the Labour Party in 1946. In the mid-1940s, Noel-Baker served on the British delegation to what became the United Nations, helping to draft its charter and other rules for operation as a British delegate.
==
Peace Prize
Private life
Noel-Baker married Irene Noel, a field hospital nurse, in 1915, adopting the hyphenated name in 1943. Their only son, Francis Noel-Baker, also became a parliamentarian and served together with his father in the Commons. Philip Noel-Baker's mistress from 1936 to 1956 was Lady Megan Lloyd George, daughter of the former Liberal Party leader David Lloyd George and herself a Liberal and later Labour MP.
Notes
Bibliography
by Philip Noel-Baker
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1925). The Geneva Protocol for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes. London: P. S. King & Son Ltd.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1926). Disarmament. London: The Hogarth Press. (Reprint 1970, New York: Kennicat Press)
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1926). The League of Nations at Work. London: Nisbet.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1927). Disarmament and the Coolidge Conference. London: Leonard & Virginia Woolf.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1929). The Present Juridical Status of the British Dominions in International Law. London: Longmans.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1934). Disarmament. London: League of Nations Union.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1934). Hawkers of Death: The Private Manufacture and Trade in Arms. London: Labour Party. (28pp pamphlet)
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1936). The Private Manufacture of Armaments. London: Victor Gollancz. (Reprint 1972, New York: Dover Publications)
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1944). Before we go back: a pictorial record of Norway's fight against Nazism. London: H.M.S.O..
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1946). U.N., the Atom, the Veto (speech at the Plenary Assembly of the United Nations 25 October 1946). London: The Labour Party.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1958). The Arms Race : A Programme for World Disarmament. London: Stevens & Sons.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1962). Nansen's Place in History. Oslo: Universitetsförlaget. (26pp pamphlet)
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1963). The Way to World Disarmament-Now!. London: Union of Democratic Control.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1979). The first World Disarmament Conference, 1932-1933 and why it failed. Oxford: Pergamon.
by Philip Noel-Baker with other authors
- Buzzard, Rear-Admiral Sir Anthony and Noel-Baker, Philip (1959). Disarmament and Defence. United Nations [Peacefinder Pamphlet. no. 28].
- Mountbatten, Louis and Noel-Baker, Philip, and Zuckerman, Solly (1980). Apocalypse now?. Nottingham: Spokesman Books.
- Noel-Baker, Philip and et al (1934). Challenge To Death. London: Constable.
by others
- Ferguson, John (1983). Philip Noel-Baker : the man and his message. London: United Nations Association.
- Lloyd, Lorna: Philip Noel-Baker and the Peace Through Law in Long, David & Wilson, Peter (eds) (1995), Thinkers of the Twenty Years’ Crisis. Inter-War Idealism reassessed, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0198278551
- Russell, Bertrand (1960). Philip Noel-Baker: A Tribute. International Relations 2: 1-2.
- Whittaker, David J. (1989). Fighter for peace : Philip Noel-Baker 1889-1982. York: Sessions. ISBN 1850720568.
External links
- Nobel Committee information on Noel-Baker.
- Papers of Philip Noel-Baker (Churchill/NBKR). Churchill College, Cambridge. (timeline of Noel-Baker's life, and index to his papers held at Churchill College) Retrieved July 18, 2007.
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