Difference between revisions of "Mikhail Bulgakov" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | + | [[Image:Bulgakov.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mikhail Bulgakov]] | |
| − | + | '''Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov''' (or '''Bulhakov''', Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков; [[May 15]] ([[May 3]] [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]]), [[1891]] – [[March 10]], [[1940]]) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[novelist]] and [[playwright]] of the first half of the [[20th century]]. Although a native of Kiev, he wrote in [[Russian language|Russian]]. He is best known for the [[novel]] ''[[The Master and Margarita]]''. | |
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| − | 3 The Master and Margarita | ||
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| + | == Biography == | ||
| − | + | Mikhail Bulgakov was born in [[Kiev]], [[Ukraine]], the oldest son of a professor at a [[theology|theological]] seminary. The Bulgakov sons enlisted in the [[White Army]], and in post-[[Russian Civil War|Civil War]] Russia, ended up in [[Paris]], save for Mikhail. Mikhail Bulgakov, who enlisted as a field doctor, ended up in the [[Caucasus]], where he eventually began working as a journalist. Despite his relatively favored status under the Soviet regime of [[Joseph Stalin]], Bulgakov was prevented from either emigrating or visiting his brothers in the West. | |
| − | |||
| − | Mikhail Bulgakov was born in Kiev, Ukraine, the oldest son of a professor at a theological seminary. The Bulgakov sons enlisted in the White Army, and in post-Civil War Russia, ended up in Paris, save for Mikhail. Mikhail Bulgakov, who enlisted as a field doctor, ended up in the Caucasus, where he eventually began working as a journalist. Despite his relatively favored status under the Soviet regime of Joseph Stalin, Bulgakov was prevented from either emigrating or visiting his brothers in the West. | ||
| − | In 1913 Bulgakov married Tatiana Lappa. In 1916, he graduated from the Medical School of Kiev University. In 1921, he moved with Tatiana to Moscow. Three years later, divorced from his first wife, he married Lyubov' Belozerskaya. In 1932, Bulgakov married for the third time, to Yelena Shilovskaya, and settled with her at Patriarch's Ponds. During the last decade of his life, Bulgakov continued to work on The Master and Margarita, wrote plays, critical works, stories, and made several translations and dramatisations of novels. | + | In [[1913]] Bulgakov married Tatiana Lappa. In [[1916]], he graduated from the Medical School of [[Kiev University]]. In [[1921]], he moved with Tatiana to [[Moscow]]. Three years later, divorced from his first wife, he married Lyubov' Belozerskaya. In [[1932]], Bulgakov married for the third time, to Yelena Shilovskaya, and settled with her at [[Patriarch's Ponds]]. During the last decade of his life, Bulgakov continued to work on ''The Master and Margarita'', wrote plays, critical works, stories, and made several translations and dramatisations of novels. |
| − | Bulgakov never supported the regime, and mocked it in many of his works. Therefore, most of them were consigned to his desk drawer for several decades. In 1938 he wrote a letter to Stalin requesting permission to emigrate and received a personal phone call from Stalin himself, unfortunately denying him that. Bulgakov died from an inherited kidney disorder in 1940 and was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. | + | Bulgakov never supported the regime, and mocked it in many of his works. Therefore, most of them were consigned to his desk drawer for several decades. In [[1938]] he wrote a letter to Stalin requesting permission to emigrate and received a personal phone call from Stalin himself, unfortunately denying him that. Bulgakov died from an inherited [[kidney]] disorder in 1940 and was buried in the [[Novodevichy Cemetery]] in Moscow. |
| − | + | == Early works == | |
| − | Early works | ||
| − | |||
| − | Bulgakov | + | During his life, Bulgakov was best known for the plays he contributed to [[Konstantin Stanislavsky]]'s [[Moscow Art Theatre]]. They say that [[Stalin]] was fond of the play ''[[Days of the Turbins]]'' (Дни Турбиных), which was based on Bulgakov's phantasmagoric novel ''The White Guard''. His dramatization of [[Moliere]]'s life in ''The Cabal of Hypocrites'' is still run by the [[Moscow Art Theatre]]. Even after his plays were banned from the theatres, Bulgakov wrote a grotesquely funny comedy about [[Ivan the Terrible]]'s visit into [[1930s]] [[Moscow]] and several plays about the young years of [[Stalin]]. This perhaps saved his life in the year of terror [[1937]], when nearly all writers who did not support the leadership of Stalin were purged. |
| − | The | + | Bulgakov started writing prose in the early [[1920s]], when he published ''The White Guard'' and a short story collection entitled ''Notes of a Country Doctor'', both based on Bulgakov's experiences in post-revolutionary [[Ukraine]]. In the mid-1920s, he came to admire the works of [[H.G. Wells]] and wrote several stories with sci-fi elements, notably ''The Fatal Eggs'' ([[1924]]) and the ''Heart of a Dog'' ([[1925]]). |
| − | + | The ''[[Fatal Eggs]]'', a short story inspired by the works of [[H.G. Wells]], tells of the events of a Professor Persikov, who in experimentation with [[egg]]s, discovers a red ray that accelerates growth in living organisms. At the time, an illness passes through the [[chicken]]s of Moscow, killing most of them and, to remedy the situation, the Soviet government puts the ray into use at a farm. Unfortunately there is a mix up in egg shipments and the Professor ends up with the [[chicken]] eggs, while the government-run farm receives a shipment of [[ostrich]]es, [[snake]]s and [[crocodile]]s that were meant to go to the Professor. The mistake is not discovered until the eggs produce giant monstrosities that wreak havoc in the suburbs of Moscow and killed most of the workers on the farm. The [[propaganda]] machine then turns on the Persikov, distorting his nature in the same way his "innocent" tampering created the monsters. This tale of a bungling government earned Bulgakov his label of a [[counter-revolutionary]]. | |
| − | [ | + | ''[[Heart of a Dog]]'', a story obviously based on ''[[Frankenstein]]'', features a professor who implants human [[testicle]]s and [[pituitary gland]] into a dog named Sharik. The dog then proceeds to become more and more human as time passes, resulting in all manner of chaos. The tale can be read as a critical satire of the [[Soviet Union]]; it was turned into a comic [[opera]] called ''The Murder of Comrade Sharik'' by [[William Bergsma]] in [[1973]]. A hugely popular screen version of the story followed in [[1988]]. |
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| − | [ | + | == The Master and Margarita == |
| − | Famous quotes | + | |
| − | "Manuscripts do not burn" ("Рукописи не горят") | + | It is the fantasy [[satire|satirical]] novel ''[[The Master and Margarita]]'' (Мастер и Маргарита), published by his wife almost thirty years after his death, in [[1967]], that has granted him critical immortality. The book was available underground, as [[samizdat]], for many years in the Soviet Union, before the serialization of a censored version in the journal ''Moskva''. In the opinion of many, ''The Master and Margarita'' is the best of the Soviet novels, although it is difficult to imagine Joseph Stalin approving it. The novel contributed a number of sayings to the Russian language, for example, "Manuscripts don't burn". A destroyed manuscript of the Master is an important element of the plot, and in fact Bulgakov had to rewrite the novel from memory after he burned the draft manuscript with his own hands. |
| − | "Second-grade fresh" | + | |
| − | + | == Famous quotes == | |
| − | Bibliography | + | |
| − | + | *"Manuscripts do not burn" ("Рукописи не горят") — ''The Master and Margarita'' | |
| − | Short stories | + | *"Second-grade fresh" — ''The Master and Margarita'' |
| − | Notes on Cuffs (Записки на манжетах) | + | |
| − | Notes of a Country Doctor (Записки юного врача) | + | == Bibliography == |
| − | Fatal Eggs (Роковые яйца) | + | ===Short stories=== |
| − | Heart of a Dog (Собачье сердце) | + | *''[[Notes on Cuffs]]'' (Записки на манжетах) |
| − | + | *''[[Notes of a Country Doctor]]'' (Записки юного врача) | |
| − | Plays | + | *''[[Fatal Eggs]]'' (Роковые яйца) |
| − | Days of the Turbins (Дни Турбиных) — one family's survival in Kiev during the Russian Civil War | + | *''[[Heart of a Dog]]'' (Собачье сердце) |
| − | Flight (play) (Бег) — satirizing the flight of White emigrants to the West | + | ===Plays=== |
| − | Ivan Vasilievich (Иван Васильевич) — Ivan the Terrible brought by the Time Machine to a crowded apartment in the 1930s Moscow | + | *''[[Days of the Turbins]]'' (Дни Турбиных) — one family's survival in Kiev during the [[Russian Civil War]] |
| − | The Cabal of Hypocrites (Кабала святош) — Moliere's relations with Louis XIV's court | + | *''[[Flight (play)]]'' (Бег) — satirizing the flight of White emigrants to the West |
| − | Pushkin (The Last Days) (Пушкин) — the last days of the great Russian poet | + | *''[[Ivan Vasilievich]]'' (Иван Васильевич) — [[Ivan the Terrible]] brought by the [[Time Machine]] to a crowded apartment in the [[1930s]] [[Moscow]] |
| − | Batum (Батум) — Stalin's early years in Batumi | + | *''[[The Cabal of Hypocrites]]'' (Кабала святош) — [[Moliere]]'s relations with [[Louis XIV]]'s court |
| − | + | *''[[Pushkin (The Last Days)]]'' (Пушкин) — the last days of the great Russian poet | |
| − | Novels | + | *''[[Batum (play)|Batum]]'' (Батум) — [[Stalin]]'s early years in [[Batumi]] |
| − | The White Guard (Белая гвардия) | + | ===Novels=== |
| − | Life of Monsieur de Molière (Жизнь господина де Мольера) | + | *''[[The White Guard]]'' (Белая гвардия) |
| − | Black Snow, or the Theatrical Novel (Театральный роман) | + | *''[[Life of Monsieur de Molière]]'' (Жизнь господина де Мольера) |
| − | The Master and Margarita (Мастер и Маргарита) | + | *''[[Black Snow, or the Theatrical Novel]]'' (Театральный роман) |
| − | + | *''[[The Master and Margarita]]'' (Мастер и Маргарита) | |
| − | External links | + | |
| − | Bulgakov's Master and Margarita | + | ==External links== |
| − | Mikhail Bulgakov | + | *[http://cr.middlebury.edu/public/russian/Bulgakov/public_html/ Bulgakov's Master and Margarita] |
| − | Bulgakov.ru — amateur but very high-quality site, devoted solely to Bulgakov and his works (in Russian) | + | *[http://users.efni.com/~paradox/bulgakov/ Mikhail Bulgakov] |
| − | Mikhail Bulgakov — three languages site (German, English and Russian) | + | * [http://www.bulgakov.ru/ Bulgakov.ru] — amateur but very high-quality site, devoted solely to Bulgakov and his works (in Russian) |
| − | Bulgakov Project (in Russian) | + | *[http://bulgakow.chkebelski.de/index_e.html Mikhail Bulgakov] — three languages site (German, English and Russian) |
| + | *[http://bulgakov.km.ru/ Bulgakov Project (in Russian)] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:1891 births|Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[Category:1940 deaths|Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Russian novelists|Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Russian writers|Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Russian dramatists and playwrights|Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Natives of Kiev|Bulgakov]] | ||
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| + | [[bg:Михаил Булгаков]] | ||
| + | [[de:Michail Afanasjewitsch Bulgakow]] | ||
| + | [[et:Mihhail Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[el:Μιχαήλ Μπουλγκάκοφ]] | ||
| + | [[eo:Miĥail BULGAKOV]] | ||
| + | [[fr:Mikhaïl Boulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[he:מיכאיל בולגקוב]] | ||
| + | [[lv:Mihails Bulgakovs]] | ||
| + | [[hu:Mihail Afanaszjevics Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[nl:Michail Boelgakov]] | ||
| + | [[pl:Michaił Bułhakow]] | ||
| + | [[ro:Mihail Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[ru:Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич]] | ||
| + | [[sk:Michail Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[fi:Mihail Bulgakov]] | ||
| + | [[sv:Michail Bulgakov]] | ||
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This version of the article has been revised. | This version of the article has been revised. | ||
Revision as of 11:53, 16 November 2005
Editing Mikhail Bulgakov From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search
Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov (or Bulhakov, Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков; May 15 (May 3 Old Style), 1891 – March 10, 1940) was a Soviet novelist and playwright of the first half of the 20th century. Although a native of Kiev, he wrote in Russian. He is best known for the novel The Master and Margarita.
Biography
Mikhail Bulgakov was born in Kiev, Ukraine, the oldest son of a professor at a theological seminary. The Bulgakov sons enlisted in the White Army, and in post-Civil War Russia, ended up in Paris, save for Mikhail. Mikhail Bulgakov, who enlisted as a field doctor, ended up in the Caucasus, where he eventually began working as a journalist. Despite his relatively favored status under the Soviet regime of Joseph Stalin, Bulgakov was prevented from either emigrating or visiting his brothers in the West.
In 1913 Bulgakov married Tatiana Lappa. In 1916, he graduated from the Medical School of Kiev University. In 1921, he moved with Tatiana to Moscow. Three years later, divorced from his first wife, he married Lyubov' Belozerskaya. In 1932, Bulgakov married for the third time, to Yelena Shilovskaya, and settled with her at Patriarch's Ponds. During the last decade of his life, Bulgakov continued to work on The Master and Margarita, wrote plays, critical works, stories, and made several translations and dramatisations of novels.
Bulgakov never supported the regime, and mocked it in many of his works. Therefore, most of them were consigned to his desk drawer for several decades. In 1938 he wrote a letter to Stalin requesting permission to emigrate and received a personal phone call from Stalin himself, unfortunately denying him that. Bulgakov died from an inherited kidney disorder in 1940 and was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
Early works
During his life, Bulgakov was best known for the plays he contributed to Konstantin Stanislavsky's Moscow Art Theatre. They say that Stalin was fond of the play Days of the Turbins (Дни Турбиных), which was based on Bulgakov's phantasmagoric novel The White Guard. His dramatization of Moliere's life in The Cabal of Hypocrites is still run by the Moscow Art Theatre. Even after his plays were banned from the theatres, Bulgakov wrote a grotesquely funny comedy about Ivan the Terrible's visit into 1930s Moscow and several plays about the young years of Stalin. This perhaps saved his life in the year of terror 1937, when nearly all writers who did not support the leadership of Stalin were purged.
Bulgakov started writing prose in the early 1920s, when he published The White Guard and a short story collection entitled Notes of a Country Doctor, both based on Bulgakov's experiences in post-revolutionary Ukraine. In the mid-1920s, he came to admire the works of H.G. Wells and wrote several stories with sci-fi elements, notably The Fatal Eggs (1924) and the Heart of a Dog (1925).
The Fatal Eggs, a short story inspired by the works of H.G. Wells, tells of the events of a Professor Persikov, who in experimentation with eggs, discovers a red ray that accelerates growth in living organisms. At the time, an illness passes through the chickens of Moscow, killing most of them and, to remedy the situation, the Soviet government puts the ray into use at a farm. Unfortunately there is a mix up in egg shipments and the Professor ends up with the chicken eggs, while the government-run farm receives a shipment of ostriches, snakes and crocodiles that were meant to go to the Professor. The mistake is not discovered until the eggs produce giant monstrosities that wreak havoc in the suburbs of Moscow and killed most of the workers on the farm. The propaganda machine then turns on the Persikov, distorting his nature in the same way his "innocent" tampering created the monsters. This tale of a bungling government earned Bulgakov his label of a counter-revolutionary.
Heart of a Dog, a story obviously based on Frankenstein, features a professor who implants human testicles and pituitary gland into a dog named Sharik. The dog then proceeds to become more and more human as time passes, resulting in all manner of chaos. The tale can be read as a critical satire of the Soviet Union; it was turned into a comic opera called The Murder of Comrade Sharik by William Bergsma in 1973. A hugely popular screen version of the story followed in 1988.
The Master and Margarita
It is the fantasy satirical novel The Master and Margarita (Мастер и Маргарита), published by his wife almost thirty years after his death, in 1967, that has granted him critical immortality. The book was available underground, as samizdat, for many years in the Soviet Union, before the serialization of a censored version in the journal Moskva. In the opinion of many, The Master and Margarita is the best of the Soviet novels, although it is difficult to imagine Joseph Stalin approving it. The novel contributed a number of sayings to the Russian language, for example, "Manuscripts don't burn". A destroyed manuscript of the Master is an important element of the plot, and in fact Bulgakov had to rewrite the novel from memory after he burned the draft manuscript with his own hands.
Famous quotes
- "Manuscripts do not burn" ("Рукописи не горят") — The Master and Margarita
- "Second-grade fresh" — The Master and Margarita
Bibliography
Short stories
- Notes on Cuffs (Записки на манжетах)
- Notes of a Country Doctor (Записки юного врача)
- Fatal Eggs (Роковые яйца)
- Heart of a Dog (Собачье сердце)
Plays
- Days of the Turbins (Дни Турбиных) — one family's survival in Kiev during the Russian Civil War
- Flight (play) (Бег) — satirizing the flight of White emigrants to the West
- Ivan Vasilievich (Иван Васильевич) — Ivan the Terrible brought by the Time Machine to a crowded apartment in the 1930s Moscow
- The Cabal of Hypocrites (Кабала святош) — Moliere's relations with Louis XIV's court
- Pushkin (The Last Days) (Пушкин) — the last days of the great Russian poet
- Batum (Батум) — Stalin's early years in Batumi
Novels
- The White Guard (Белая гвардия)
- Life of Monsieur de Molière (Жизнь господина де Мольера)
- Black Snow, or the Theatrical Novel (Театральный роман)
- The Master and Margarita (Мастер и Маргарита)
External links
- Bulgakov's Master and Margarita
- Mikhail Bulgakov
- Bulgakov.ru — amateur but very high-quality site, devoted solely to Bulgakov and his works (in Russian)
- Mikhail Bulgakov — three languages site (German, English and Russian)
- Bulgakov Project (in Russian)
bg:Михаил Булгаков de:Michail Afanasjewitsch Bulgakow et:Mihhail Bulgakov el:Μιχαήλ Μπουλγκάκοφ eo:Miĥail BULGAKOV fr:Mikhaïl Boulgakov he:מיכאיל בולגקוב lv:Mihails Bulgakovs hu:Mihail Afanaszjevics Bulgakov nl:Michail Boelgakov pl:Michaił Bułhakow ro:Mihail Bulgakov ru:Булгаков, Михаил Афанасьевич sk:Michail Bulgakov fi:Mihail Bulgakov sv:Michail Bulgakov
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Your changes will be visible immediately. For testing, please use the sandbox. You are encouraged to create and improve articles. The community is quick to enforce the quality standards on all articles. Please cite your sources so others can verify your work. On discussion pages, please sign your comment by typing four tildes (David Burgess 11:53, 16 November 2005 (UTC)).
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