Difference between revisions of "Jahannam" - New World Encyclopedia

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Jahannam (Arabic: جهنم) is the Islamic equivalent to hell. Its roots come from the Hebrew word Gehinnom, which was an ancient garbage dump outside of the city of Jerusalem where refuse was burned. According to the Qur'an, only Allah (God) knows who will go to Jahannam (Hell) and who will go to Jannah (Heaven).

Description

The Qur'an provides detailed descriptions of Jahannam that have been interpreted both literally and metaphorically by Muslims. Jahannam is variably described as a firey place, a fearsome abyss, a narrow bridge that must be crossed to get into paradise, and also a foul-looking monster, which can be summoned by Allah (Qur'an 82.4). It is also said that "Zaqqum" (a thorned tree) grows in Jahannam, which has a bitter fruit, which the damned are compelled to eat to intensify their torment. Its fruits are shaped like devils' heads. (Qur'an 44.46).

It is said that Jahannam has seven levels that a sinner can go to depending on their deeds.^[1] In Islam, one's degree of punishment in hell depends on one's sins, and thus there are different levels of hell designated for different types of sinners. The most severe level is known as "Hutama," which is said to be reserved for religious hypocrites.

Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)

According to Islam, each person will be made to account for their deeds at the "Day of the Resurrection" (Qiyamah) (Qur'an 71.18). During this day, a man or a woman's own book of life will be opened, and they will be apprised of every action they did and every word they spoke (Qur'an 54.52-53), albeit actions taken during childhood are not judged. It is said that the account is so detailed that the person will be amazed at how comprehensive it is. It is also said that if one denies any deed he or she committed, or refuses to acknowledge it, then his or her body parts will testify against him or her. Every human, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, in Islamic thought will be held accountable for his or her deeds and will be judged by Allah accordingly (Qur'an 74.38).

The trials and tribulations associated with the Day of Judgment are detailed in both the Qur'an and the Hadith, as well as in the commentaries of the Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities. They are in agreement that on this day God will be angrier than ever before and even angels will tremble in front of God. Moreover, humans are so fearful on this "day" that the prophets themselves repeatedly address God with the phrase sallim, sallim, or spare, spare—that is, "spare your followers, O God." Followers of Muhammad during his lifetime who strayed from Islam after his passing, Apostates of Islam, are engulfed in fire.^[2] Those who distorted or ignored the Qur'an or converted to another religion are also engulfed in hellfire.^[3] However, those who truly believe in God, and are pious, referred to as Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun^[4] due to the trace of ritual ablution performed during their lives, repent their sin and return to "jannah (the Garden) beneath which rivers flow".^[5] The world is destroyed and the dead rise from their graves and gather, waiting to be judged for their actions.^[6]

The Qur'an states that along with Muslims, Allah will also save other People of the Book from hell and people who did not receive the true message of Islam will also be saved:

"Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and does good deeds shall be rewarded by their Lord; they have nothing to fear nor are they saddened." (Qur'an 2.62)

After death, it is said the Archangel Azrael (with the help of other less significant angels) will separate the soul from the body, either harshly or painlessly depending on how righteous the person was during their lifetime (Qur'an 79.1-2). Following the separation of the soul and the body, Nakir and Munkar's (two Islamic Angels) will interrogate the soul in its grave asking:

"Who is your (lord)?"

"What is your way of life?"

"Who is your leader?" (Qur'an 17.71)

This experience will be horrifying and frightening depending on whether the person was righteous or not.

After judgment all men and women are made to cross over a deep abyss, whence the flames of Jahannam (hell) leap up, on al-Sirât (الصراط, a thorny bridge so thin that it cannot be seen. It is said in Hadith that crossing the bridge is such a difficult task, because the bridge is as thin as a strand of hair, and as sharp as the edge of a sword. The believers and those destined for Jannah are able to cross quickly and safely, seeing it as a thick stone bridge, whereas others fall off this hair-thin bridge into Jahannam. Believers will be led by the prophet Muhammad to a vast basin or lake-fount called al-kawthar الكوثر, where their thirst will be sated with a white-colored drink that tastes like sweetened milk. It is said that whosoever drinks of it shall never thirst. In one hadith, al-kawthar is said to be a river of paradise (al-Bukhari, book 76, hadith 583.)

Intercession (الشفاعة)

Throughout the "Day of Judgment," the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by Allah. However, the accounts of judgment are also replete with the emphasis that Allah is merciful and forgiving, and that such qualities will be granted on that day insofar as they are merited.

It is foretold that on this day, humanity will beseech the prophets to intercede on their behalf, pleading for the safety of members of their family and loved ones. First, the people will approach Abraham, then Moses, then Adam, and finally Noah, all of whom will decline to intercede on their behalf. These prophets will instead point to the Muhammad as the supreme intercessor on behalf of humanity.^[7] In one Hadith, it is related that following Muhammad's involvement and pleas, Allah himself intercedes, repeatedly ordering his angels to fetch out of Jahannam (hell) any who sincerely professed the Shahada^[8] until the angels are ordered to return and find anyone with even an atom's measure of goodness in his or her heart albeit those who have worshipped false gods, or have participated in shirk (idol worship) are not rescued from Jahannam (hell) and instead remain there forever. After the Intercession, life resumes, either in Jannah (paradise) or in Jahannam (hell).

Unlike depictions of hell as an abode of eternal punishment, found in other world's religions, Islam states that one can go to hell and from there go to Heaven after serving a sentence of time in hell. It is said that only Allah knows how long a sinners will be kept in hell. Sinners can be released according to Allah's will. However, the decision to be sent to Jannah (paradise) or to Jahannam (hell) is a matter in Allah's hands alone. God is thus the ultimate arbiter and qadi (judge) as to who goes to hell and who is rescued.

Notes

↑ The seven levels of Jahannam are Jaheem, Jahanam, Sa'ir, Saqar, Ladha, Hawiyah, and Hutam.
↑ Qur'an 5. 117-118, Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets," number 568.
↑ Qur'an 2.174-6, 72.4, 72.15, 73.12, 74.26-27, 74.42-46, 79.36-39
↑ Sahih Bukhari, book 4 "Ablution," number 133; 138 in another edition.
↑ Qur'an 58.21, 61.2, 64.9, 65.11, 66.8-11, 68.17-32, 69.21-24, 70.32-38, 71.12, 74.40, 76.12-14, 78.32, 79.40-41, 80.28-31, 85.11, 88.8-11
↑ Qur'an 11.102-7
↑ Qur'an 74.48; Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets," number 555, 569; cf. Sahîh al-bukhari, book 7 "Tayammum (Rubbing hands and feet with dust)," number 331.
↑ Sahih Bukhari, book 3 "book of learning or knowledge," number 97 (98 in another edition).

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Ali, Mohammed Ali Ibn Zubair. Signs of Qiyamah. Islamic Book Service, 2000. ASIN B000KJ4YDK
Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham. The Approach of Armageddon: An Islamic Perspective. Islamic Supreme Council of America, 2003. ISBN 978-1930409200
Khalifa, Rashad. Quran: The Final Testament, Authorized English Version with Arabic Text, Revised Edition IV. Submission.org, 2005. ISBN 978-0972920926
Smith, Jane I. The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection. Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0195156492

External links

All links retrieved November 6, 2021.

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[1] The seven levels of Jahannam are Jaheem, Jahanam, Sa'ir, Saqar, Ladha, Hawiyah, and Hutam.

[2] Qur'an 5. 117-118, Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets," number 568.

[3] Qur'an 2.174-6, 72.4, 72.15, 73.12, 74.26-27, 74.42-46, 79.36-39

[4] Sahih Bukhari, book 4 "Ablution," number 133; 138 in another edition.

[5] Qur'an 58.21, 61.2, 64.9, 65.11, 66.8-11, 68.17-32, 69.21-24, 70.32-38, 71.12, 74.40, 76.12-14, 78.32, 79.40-41, 80.28-31, 85.11, 88.8-11

[6] Qur'an 11.102-7

[7] Qur'an 74.48; Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets," number 555, 569; cf. Sahîh al-bukhari, book 7 "Tayammum (Rubbing hands and feet with dust)," number 331.

[8] Sahih Bukhari, book 3 "book of learning or knowledge," number 97 (98 in another edition).

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-'''Jahannam''' ({{lang-ar|جهنم}}) is the [[Islam]]ic equivalent to [[hell]]. Its roots come from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word ''[[Gehenna|Gehinnom]]'', which is a valley south of [[Jerusalem]] that was used as a garbage dump by the Israelites. In the pre-Israelite times the Canaanites worshipped the god [[Moloch]] and performed child sacrifices in the valley, burning them as offerings to the deity. Consequently the valley had a longstanding association with burning fires and horrid rituals. According to the [[Qur'an]] only God knows who will go to Jahannam and who will go to Jannah (Heaven). Those who ignored, or only pretended to believe in [[Allah]] remain in Jahannam after Qiyamah ([[Last Judgment|Judgment Day]]).
+'''Jahannam''' ({{lang-ar|جهنم}}) is the [[Islam]]ic equivalent to [[hell]]. Its roots come from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word ''[[Gehenna|Gehinnom]]'', which was an ancient garbage dump outside of the city of Jerusalem where refuse was burned. According to the [[Qur'an]], only [[Allah]] (God) knows who will go to Jahannam (Hell) and who will go to [[Jannah]] (Heaven).
+{{toc}}
 ==Description==
-The seven levels of Jahannam are Jaheem, Jahanam, Sa'ir, Saqar, Ladha, Hawiyah, and Hutama. The most severe level is Hutama for munafiqin, religious hypocrites.
+The [[Qur'an]] provides detailed descriptions of Jahannam that have been interpreted both literally and metaphorically by Muslims. Jahannam is variably described as a firey place, a fearsome abyss, a narrow bridge that must be crossed to get into paradise, and also a foul-looking monster, which can be summoned by [[Allah]] (Qur'an 82.4). It is also said that "Zaqqum" (a thorned tree) grows in Jahannam, which has a bitter fruit, which the damned are compelled to eat to intensify their torment. Its fruits are shaped like [[devil]]s' heads. (Qur'an 44.46).
-Zaqqum is a thorned tree that grows in Jahannam. It has bitter thorned fruit which the damned are compelled to eat so as to intensify their torment. Its fruits are shaped like [[devil]]s' heads. Quote from the [[Qur'an]]:
-:[44.43] Surely the tree of the Zaqqum,
-:[44.44] Is the food of the sinful
-:[44.45] Like dregs of oil; it shall boil in (their) bellies,
-:[44.46] Like the boiling of hot water.
-==Day of Judgment (Qiyamah)==
+It is said that Jahannam has seven levels that a sinner can go to depending on their deeds.<ref>The seven levels of Jahannam are Jaheem, Jahanam, Sa'ir, Saqar, Ladha, Hawiyah, and Hutam.</ref> In [[Islam]], one's degree of punishment in hell depends on one's sins, and thus there are different levels of hell designated for different types of sinners. The most severe level is known as "Hutama," which is said to be reserved for religious hypocrites.
-According to Islam, ''Yawm al-Qīyāmah'' (يوم القيامة literally: "Day of the Resurrection") is the Last Judgement in [[Islam]]. It is also called "''Day of the Resurrection''" at Qur'an 71.18. It is also known as "''the Hour''" (Qur'an 31.34, 74.47), "''Day of the Account''" (Qur'an 72.130), "''Day of the Gathering''", "''Day of the Reckoning''", "''Day of Distress''" (Qur'an 74.9) and the "''Great Announcement''". Belief in Qiyâmah is part of Aqidah and is a fundamental tenet of faith in [[Islam]]. The trials and tribulations associated with it are detailed in both the Qur'an and the [[Hadith]], as well as in the commentaries of the Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities such as [[al-Ghazali]], Ibn Kathir, Ibn Majah, Muhammad al-Bukhari, and Ibn Khuzaimah who explain them in detail. Every human, [[Muslim]] and non-Muslim alike, is held accountable for his or her deeds and are judged by [[Allah]] accordingly (Qur'an 74.38).  At a time unknown to man, but preordained <ref>Qur'an 17.49-51, 34.28-30, 72.25-26, 79.42-44, ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', book 2 ("book of faith"), number 47</ref>, when people least expect it, Allah will give permission for the Qiyâmah to begin. The [[Archangel]] Israfil, referred to as the ''Caller'', will sound a horn sending out a "Blast of Truth" (Qur'an 50.37-42, 69.13-18, 74.8, 78.18). This event is also found in Jewish [[eschatology]], in the [[Judaism|Jewish]] belief of "The Day of the Blowing of the Shofar", ''Yom Terua'' and in [[Book of Ezekiel|Ezekiel 33:6]].
-All men and women fall unconscious. [[Muhammad]] is the first to awake and he sees [[Moses]], who may or may not have awoken prior, holding up the Throne of God at the mountain of Tur.<ref>''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", numbers 610, 620, 626.</ref> Those who distorted or ignored the Qur'an or converted to another religion are engulfed in hellfire.<ref>(Qur'an 2.174-6, 72.4, 72.15, 73.12, 74.26-27, 74.42-46, 79.36-39</ref> On the other hand, those who truly believe in God, and are pious, referred to as ''Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun''<ref>''Sahih Bukhari'', book 4 "Ablution", number 133; 138 in another editio</ref> due to the trace of ritual ablution performed during their lives, repent their sin and return to "jannah (the [[Garden of Eden|Garden]]) beneath which rivers flow".<ref>Qur'an 58.21, 61.2, 64.9, 65.11, 66.8-11, 68.17-32, 69.21-24, 70.32-38, 71.12, 74.40, 76.12-14, 78.32, 79.40-41, 80.28-31, 85.11, 88.8-11</ref> The world is destroyed, folded. The dead rise from their graves and gather, waiting to be judged for their actions.<ref>[[Qur'an]] 11.102-7</ref>
+==Day of Judgment (يوم القيامة)==
+According to Islam, each person will be made to account for their deeds at the "Day of the Resurrection" (Qiyamah) (Qur'an 71.18). During this day, a man or a woman's own book of life will be opened, and they will be apprised of every action they did and every word they spoke ([[Qur'an]] 54.52-53), albeit actions taken during childhood are not judged. It is said that the account is so detailed that the person will be amazed at how comprehensive it is. It is also said that if one denies any deed he or she committed, or refuses to acknowledge it, then his or her body parts will testify against him or her. Every human, [[Muslim]] and non-Muslim alike, in Islamic thought will be held accountable for his or her deeds and will be judged by [[Allah]] accordingly (Qur'an 74.38).
-'Alameen (humankind, the [[Jinn]], and all other living beings) are gathered upon a vast, white, featureless ground, under intense heat of the Sun overhead. They are naked, uncircumcised and crowded together to the point where some are submerged in their own sweat, as in the beginning of creation.<ref>Qur'an 21.104; ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 656; Qur'an 5.117-118</ref> The degree to which one is submerged in sweat depends on the extent of one's piety and goodness. The faces of those who practiced good adab by following the [[Five Pillars of Islam]] in their daily lives are ''nadirah'' (shining and radiant). On the other hand, the faces of disbelievers are ''basirah'' (dark, sad and frowning).<ref>Qur'an 75.22-24</ref> Despite being unclothed the anxiety and fear of the situation is so great that no one thinks to look at another's nudity. The creatures thus wait to be brought before God for their judgement. Humans are so fearful on this "day" that the [[prophet]]s themselves repeatedly address God with the phrase ''sallim, sallim'', or ''spare, spare'' — that is, "spare your followers, O God." Followers of [[Muhammad]] during his lifetime who strayed from Islam after his passing, [[Apostates of Islam]], are engulfed in fire.<ref>Qur'an 5.117-118, ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 568</ref> Angels are fearful as some hadiths state that on this day God is angrier than ever before or after.
+The trials and tribulations associated with the Day of Judgment are detailed in both the Qur'an and the [[Hadith]], as well as in the commentaries of the Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities. They are in agreement that on this day God will be angrier than ever before and even angels will tremble in front of God. Moreover, humans are so fearful on this "day" that the [[prophet]]s themselves repeatedly address God with the phrase ''sallim, sallim'', or ''spare, spare''—that is, "spare your followers, O God." Followers of [[Muhammad]] during his lifetime who strayed from Islam after his passing, [[Apostates of Islam]], are engulfed in fire.<ref>Qur'an 5. 117-118, ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets," number 568.</ref> Those who distorted or ignored the Qur'an or converted to another religion are also engulfed in hellfire.<ref>Qur'an 2.174-6, 72.4, 72.15, 73.12, 74.26-27, 74.42-46, 79.36-39</ref> However, those who truly believe in God, and are pious, referred to as ''Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun''<ref>''Sahih Bukhari'', book 4 "Ablution," number 133; 138 in another edition.</ref> due to the trace of ritual ablution performed during their lives, repent their sin and return to "jannah (the [[Garden of Eden|Garden]]) beneath which rivers flow".<ref>Qur'an 58.21, 61.2, 64.9, 65.11, 66.8-11, 68.17-32, 69.21-24, 70.32-38, 71.12, 74.40, 76.12-14, 78.32, 79.40-41, 80.28-31, 85.11, 88.8-11</ref> The world is destroyed and the dead rise from their graves and gather, waiting to be judged for their actions.<ref>[[Qur'an]] 11.102-7</ref>
-The [[Qu'ran]] mentions the duration of the Qiyamah as 50,000 years.<ref>Qur'an 70.4</ref> Maulana Muhammad Ali interprets this ayat as, "...A day of the spiritual advancement of man is spoken of as being equal to fifty thousand years to show immense vastness of that advancement. Or, the day of fifty thousand years may be the day of final triumph of Truth in the world, from the time when revelation was first granted to man."
+The [[Qur'an]] states that along with Muslims, Allah will also save other [[People of the Book]] from hell and people who did not receive the true message of Islam will also be saved:
-Some believe that signs of Qiyamah have already occurred.<ref>Qur'an 42.17, 47.18, 70.6-7</ref> People beseech the prophets to intercede on their behalf, first [[Abraham]], then [[Moses]], then [[Adam and Eve|Adam]], and finally [[Noah]], all of whom decline to do so and instead point to the prophet [[Muhammad]], who intercedes on behalf of the world.<ref>Qur'an 74.48; ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 555, 569</ref> Abraham meets his father Azar whose face is enlightened. When Abraham demands that his father not be disgraced he is informed that on this day no one is above reproach.<ref>''Sahîh al-Bukhârî'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 581</ref> Abraham finds a blood-stained [[Dhabh]] beneath his feet and throws him into Hell.
+"Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and does good deeds shall be rewarded by their Lord; they have nothing to fear nor are they saddened." (Qur'an 2.62)
-Other notable relatives who are among those cast into jahannam include the wives of Nuh ([[Noah]]) and Lut ([[Lot]]) ([[Qur'an]] 66.10). When Lut and his family left [[Sodom and Gomorrah]], his wife disobeyed the commands of the two [[angels]] not to look back at the burning city, thus she is not among ''Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun''.
+After death, it is said the [[Archangel]] [[Azrael]] (with the help of other less significant angels) will separate the soul from the body, either harshly or painlessly depending on how righteous the person was during their lifetime (Qur'an 79.1-2). Following the separation of the soul and the body, Nakir and Munkar's (two Islamic Angels) will interrogate the soul in its grave asking:
-Adam is ordered by [[Allah]] to bring all of those who rejected [[Islam]] to Jahannam. He asks how many he should bring and Allah answers, "From every one thousand, take out nine-hundred-and ninety-nine." At that time children will become hoary headed (Qur'an 73.12), previously healed wounds will reappear (''Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 4 "Ablution", number 238), every pregnant female will have a miscarriage. One sees mankind as drunken, yet the people are sober, but dreadful is the ''Wrath of God'' (Qur'an 69.47, ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 567.)
-In the grave one faces either a reassuring man (his or her good deeds), or a foul-looking creature (his or her sins) (Qur'an 82.4). Again, this recurs in the subject of the Qiyâmah. For instance, the [[Qu'ran]] appears as an anthropomorphic being that greets those who loved it in their lives and offers them some solace. In the same vein, accounts in primary Islamic literature mention that at some point, perhaps after creatures are confined to either ''jannah'' ([[paradise]]) or ''jahannam'' ([[hell]]), [[Death]] will be brought forth in the form of a black and white ram. It will be slaughtered infront of everyone and a caller will explain, "O people of Paradise! Eternity for you and no death. O people of Hell! Eternity for you and no death," hence the slaying of the ram symbolises the 'Death of Death'.
-<ref>
-''Sahih al-Bukhari'' Volume 6, Book 60, Number 254
-[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/060.sbt.html#006.060.254]
-</ref>
-Barzakh is a sequence that happens after death, in which the [[Archangel]] [[Azrael]] with the help of other less significant angels will separate the soul from the body, either harshly or painlessly depending on how righteous the person was during their lifetime (Qur'an 79.1-2). Three main events take place chronologically which constitute the Barzakh sequence:
-* The separation of the soul and the body.
-* Nakir and Munkar's (two Islamic Angels) interrogation of the soul in its grave.
 :''"Who is your (lord)?"''
 :''"What is your way of life?"''
-:''"Who is your leader?"'' <sup>Sura 17.71</sup>
+:''"Who is your leader?"'' (Qur'an 17.71)
-* The "Waahsh" or the horror of the grave, the pressure of the grave depending on whether the person was righteous or not.
-[[Muhammad]] referred to the interrogation as, "...the worst hours of a man's life".
-Shia use this event when presenting arguments about the Status of a Shia Imam.
-Believers will be led by the prophet [[Muhammad]] to a vast basin or lake-fount called ''al-kawthar'' الكوثر, where their thirst will be sated with a white-colored drink that tastes like sweetened milk. Whosoever drinks it, never thirsts thereafter. In one hadith al-kawthar is said to be a river of paradise (''al-Bukhari'', book 76, hadith 583.) [[Sahih Bukhari]]'', in book 76 (the book of tenderness), the chapter on the basin contains at least 14 hadiths regarding it.
+This experience will be horrifying and frightening depending on whether the person was righteous or not.
-==Judgment==
+After judgment all men and women are made to cross over a deep abyss, whence the flames of Jahannam (hell) leap up, on al-Sirât (الصراط, a thorny bridge so thin that it cannot be seen. It is said in Hadith that crossing the bridge is such a difficult task, because the bridge is as thin as a strand of hair, and as sharp as the edge of a sword. The believers and those destined for Jannah are able to cross quickly and safely, seeing it as a thick stone bridge, whereas others fall off this hair-thin bridge into Jahannam. Believers will be led by the prophet [[Muhammad]] to a vast basin or lake-fount called ''al-kawthar'' الكوثر, where their thirst will be sated with a white-colored drink that tastes like sweetened milk. It is said that whosoever drinks of it shall never thirst. In one hadith, ''al-kawthar'' is said to be a river of paradise (''al-Bukhari'', book 76, hadith 583.)
-During [[judgment]], a man's or a woman's own book of deeds will be opened, and they will be apprised of every action they did and every word they spoke ([[Qur'an]] 54.52-53). Actions taken during childhood are not judged. The account of deeds is so detailed that the man or woman will wonder at how comprehensive the account is, that even minor and trivial deeds are included. When the Hour is at hand, some will deny that al-Qiyâmah is taking place and will be warned that al-Qiyâmah precedes the Day of Pining (distress) (Qur'an 30.55-57, 19.39). If one denies a deed he or she committed, or refuses to acknowledge it, his or her body parts will testify against him or her.
-Throughout judgment, however, the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by [[Allah]]. The accounts of judgment are also replete with the emphasis that [[Allah]] is merciful and forgiving, and that mercy and forgiveness will be granted on that day insofar as it is merited.
+==Intercession (الشفاعة)==
+Throughout the "Day of Judgment," the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by [[Allah]]. However, the accounts of judgment are also replete with the emphasis that Allah is merciful and forgiving, and that such qualities will be granted on that day insofar as they are merited.
-There is indication also that nations are collectively called to account for their deeds. And there are [[Hadiths]] that indicate that on Qiyama [[judgment day]] people are made to join the races or communities with which they associated themselves, which points to a definition of [[society]] in ideological — not racial — terms.
+It is foretold that on this day, humanity will beseech the prophets to intercede on their behalf, pleading for the safety of members of their family and loved ones. First, the people will approach [[Abraham]], then [[Moses]], then [[Adam and Eve|Adam]], and finally [[Noah]], all of whom will decline to intercede on their behalf. These prophets will instead point to the [[Muhammad]] as the supreme intercessor on behalf of humanity.<ref>Qur'an 74.48; ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets," number 555, 569; cf. ''Sahîh al-bukhari'', book 7 "Tayammum (Rubbing hands and feet with dust)," number 331.</ref> In one [[Hadith]], it is related that following Muhammad's involvement and pleas, [[Allah]] himself intercedes, repeatedly ordering his [[angels]] to fetch out of Jahannam (hell) any who sincerely professed the [[Shahada]]<ref>''Sahih Bukhari'', book 3 "book of learning or knowledge," number 97 (98 in another edition).</ref> until the angels are ordered to return and find anyone with even an [[atom]]'s measure of goodness in his or her heart albeit those who have worshipped false gods, or have participated in [[shirk]] (idol worship) are not rescued from Jahannam (hell) and instead remain there forever. After the [[Intercession]], life resumes, either in Jannah ([[paradise]]) or in Jahannam (hell).
-Surah Al-Baqara of the [[Qur'an]] states that along with Muslims, Allah will also save other [[People of the Book]] from Hell:
+Unlike depictions of hell as an abode of eternal punishment, found in other world's religions, Islam states that one can go to hell and from there go to Heaven after serving a sentence of time in hell. It is said that only Allah knows how long a sinners will be kept in hell. Sinners can be released according to Allah's will. However, the decision to be sent to Jannah (paradise) or to Jahannam ([[hell]]) is a matter in [[Allah]]'s hands alone. God is thus the ultimate arbiter and ''qadi'' (judge) as to who goes to hell and who is rescued.
-"Those who believe, Jews, Nazarenes (Christians), and Sabians - whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and does good deeds - shall be rewarded by their Lord; they have nothing to fear nor are they saddened."  :[2.62]
-It should be noted that Muslim scholars have commented that those saved from Hell other than Muslims are those people from pre-Islamic times who followed the teachings of their respective prophet. People who did not receive the true message of Islam will also be saved.
-One can go to hell in Islam, and then go from there to Heaven after serving your time in Hell.  There is a certain ratio for time in earth, to time in hell.
-==Jahannam and Jannah==
-After judgement all men and women are made to cross over a deep abyss, whence the flames of Jahannam (Hell) leap up, on al-Sirât (الصراط), a thorny bridge so thin that it cannot be seen. It is said in Hadith that crossing the bridge is such a difficult task, because the bridge is as thin as a strand of hair, and as sharp as the edge of a sword. The believers and those destined for Jannah are able to cross quickly and safely, seeing it as a thick stone bridge, whereas others fall off this hair-thin bridge into Jahannam.
-Concerning the matter of reward or Jannah  ([[Heaven]]) (paradise) and Jahannam  (punishment), there is the subject of the [[Intercession]] (الشفاعة). Hadiths state that the prophet [[Muhammad]] will be allowed to intercede on behalf of all of mankind, as opposed to the prophets who preceded him who were only able to appeal to nations (''Sahîh al-bukhari'', book 7 "Tayammum (rubbing hands and feet with dust)", number 331.) Furthermore, a believer will be allowed to plead for members of his family and for his loved ones. Throughout the discourse regarding the ultimate destiny, the consistent tenet is that being sent to Jannah (paradise) or to Jahannam ([[hell]]) is a matter in [[Allah]]'s hands alone. God is thus the ultimate arbiter and qadi (judge) as to who goes to Jahannam (hell) and who is rescued.
-==Redemption==
-In one [[Hadith]], it is related that after the Intercession of the prophet [[Muhammad]], [[Allah]] himself intercedes, repeatedly ordering his [[angels]] to fetch out of Jahannam ([[hell]]) any who sincerely professed the [[Shahada]] (''Sahih Bukhari'', book 3 "book of learning or knowledge", number 97 (98 in another edition)) until the [[angels]] are ordered to return and find anyone with even an [[atom]]'s measure of goodness in his or her heart. Those who have worshipped false gods, or have participated in [[shirk]] (idol worship) are not rescued from Jahannam (hell) and instead remain there forever. After the [[Intercession]], life resumes, either in [annah ([[paradise]]) or in Jahannam (hell).
-=== The Mahdi and ad-Dajjal ===
-The coming of the [[Mahdi]] (also Mehdi or Mihdi and meaning "the divinely guided one"), which precedes the [[Second Coming]] of Isa ([[Jesus]]), triggers the redemption of [[Islam]] and the defeat of its enemies. The exact nature of the Mahdi differs between [[Shi'ah]] Muslims and [[Sunni]] Muslims, but both agree that Isa (Jesus) and the Mahdi work together to fight [[evil]] in the world and to cement [[justice]] on [[Earth]].
-"Even if the entire duration of the world's existence has already been exhausted and only one day is left before Qiyama (Doomsday) (Day of Judgement), [[Allah]] will expand that day to such a length of time, as to accommodate the kingdom of a person out of my Ahlul Bayt who will be called by my name. He will then fill out the earth with [[peace]] and [[justice]] as it will have been full of injustice and tyranny before then."
-''Sahih Tirmidhi'', V2, P86, V9, P74-75.
-The Mahdi comes from [[Mecca]] and rules from [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]. Isa ([[Jesus]]) will defeat ad-Dajjal (literally: liar; the false Messiah or [[antichrist]],) and then shall live on Earth for many years. According to some traditions Isa (Jesus) will get married and have a family, and then die. Throughout history many have claimed Mahdiship; most notably Syed Mohammad Jaunpuri, [Siyyid Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Muhammad Ahmad, Mohammed bin Abdullah, and Juhayman ibn-Muhammad ibn-Sayf al-Utaibi.
-The Dajjal is physically misshapen, and blind in one eye. He deceives the faithful, teaching them that Jannah is Jahannam and vice versa through his power to work miracles. Upon his head are the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] letters ''kaf'', ''fa'' and ''ra'' ([[kafir]]). He will revive the dead, and claim to be a [[god]]. Some traditions of Islam relate that he will appear at Isfahan, and that he will rally [[Jews]] to his support. However, that is not necessarily a majority view.
-[[Muhammad]] asked his followers to recite the first and last ten verses of Chapter 'The Cave' as protection from the Dajjal. These ayat deal with the [[beliefs]] and activities of the Christian nations. He also taught his followers to pray, "O [[Allah]]! I seek refuge in Thee from the trial of the Dajjal." He also said, There is no tribulation greater than that of the Dajjal from the creation of [[Adam]] to Qiyama (the day of [[resurrection]]).
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 91: / Line 36: @@
 ==References==
-*Ali, Mohammed Ali Ibn Zubair. ''Signs of Qiyamah'' Islamic Book Service, 2000. ASIN B000KJ4YDK
+*Ali, Mohammed Ali Ibn Zubair. ''Signs of Qiyamah''. Islamic Book Service, 2000. ASIN B000KJ4YDK
 *Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham. ''The Approach of Armageddon: An Islamic Perspective.'' Islamic Supreme Council of America, 2003. ISBN 978-1930409200
 *Khalifa, Rashad. ''Quran: The Final Testament, Authorized English Version with Arabic Text, Revised Edition IV.'' Submission.org, 2005. ISBN 978-0972920926
@@ Line 97: / Line 42: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.al-islam.com/maknazlatin/Hits.asp?l=eng&p=0-0-1-0-0-4-&subjno=6&pathCount=5 Judgement day in the Qur'ân and hadith]
+All links retrieved November 6, 2021.
-*[http://www.islambasics.com/view.php?bkID=69&chapter=13 Islam Basics]
-*[http://tajweedulquran.com/the-day-of-judgement.asp Tajweed ul Qur'an]
 *[http://www.al-qiyamah.org al-Qiyâmah]
-*[http://www.islaam.com/Article.aspx?id=402 Signs of the Appearance of the Dajjal and His Destruction]
-*[http://www.islam.tc/prophecies/ Signs of Qiyamah]
-*[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/pillars/signsofthelasthour.html Signs of the Last Hour]
 *[http://www.islamfrominside.com/Pages/Tafsir/Tafsir%286-73%29.html The two blowings of the Trumpet of Light which ushers in the period of Judgement]
 [[Category: Philosophy and religion]]
 [[Category: Religion]]
+[[Category: Image wanted]]
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