Bamako
| Bamako, Mali | |
 |
|
  Bamako, Mali |
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| Coordinates: 12°39′N 8°0′W | |
|---|---|
| Country | Mali |
| District | Bamako |
| Population (2006) | |
| - Total | 1,690,471 |
Bamako, population 1,690,471 (2006), is the capital and largest city of Mali, and currently estimated to be the fastest growing city in Africa (6th fastest in the world)[1]. Bamako is the nation's administrative center, with a river port located in nearby Koulikoro, and a major regional trade and conference center. Bamako is the 7th largest West African urban center after Lagos, Abidjan, Kano, Ibadan, Dakar and Accra. Bamako is located at 12°39′N 8°0′W.[2]
Geography
The name Bamako comes from the Bambara word meaning "crocodile's back".
Bamako spans both sides of the Niger River, near the rapids that divide the Upper and Middle Niger Valleys, in the southwestern part of the country. Bamako is relatively flat, except to the immediate north where there is an escarpment, being what remains of an extinct volcano.
Niger River tributaries defined the development of the city which is on a flood plain, so much of the land bordering the river can not be used for construction. The Presidential Palace and main hospital are located there.
Bamako is hot and dry from February to June, reaching 101°F in April; rainy, humid, and mild from June to November (between 71°F to 88°F); and cool and dry from November to February (between 63°F to 90°F). Precipitation reaches 14 inches (350mm) in August.
The Niger River is navigable 225 miles (360km) south, to Kouroussa, Guinea, during the wet season, while a canal around the Sotuba Rapids has enabled shipping to Gao 869 miles (1398km) to the north.
Originally, the city developed on the northern side of the river, but as it grew, bridges were developed to connect the north with the south. The first of these was the Pont des Martyrs (2-lane with 2 pedestrian sections) and the King Fahd Bridge (4-lane with 2 motorcycle and 2 pedestrian sections). Additionally, there is an older submersible bridge between the eastern neighborhoods of Sotuba and Misabugu inherited from colonial times (alternated traffic on 1-lane with 5 crossing sections). It is typically under water from July to January. A third bridge (1.4 km long, 24 m large, 4-lane with 2 motorcycle and 2 pedestrian sections) is being built by at the same location to reduce downtown congestion, notably by trucks.
The traditional commercial centre of Bamako is to the north of the river, and contained within a triangle bounded by Avenue du Fleuve, Rue Baba Diarra and Boulevard du Peuple. This area contains the Marché Rose and Street Market. The downtown area is highly congested, polluted, and expensive, and urbanization is sprawling at a rapid pace within a radius of 30 km. The largest urbanized area now lies on the southern bank of the Niger River. A modern Central Business District is rapidly developing immediately west of the downtown area in the ACI-2000 district, taking advantage of a well-designed geometric layout, legacy of the old airport runways and taxiways. A large Administrative City is being developed at the junction between ACI-2000 and the King Fadh Bridge, purportedly to host most state departments (ministries) and administrative services in a central location.
History
The fertile lands of the Bamako region have been inhabited for more than 150,000 years. Early kingdoms grew rich trading gold, ivory, kola nuts and salt using trade routes crossing the Sahara into northern Africa and eventually Europe.
By the 11th century the Empire of Ghana (750-1076) became the first dominant kingdom in the area, and the city of Timbuktu became a major commercial centre with over 100,000 inhabitants, and a centre for Islamic learning. Two universities were built as well as several mosques. The Mali Empire (1235-1600) , which included modern day Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea and Mauritania, became rich trading cotton and salt.
The Songhai Empire]] (1464- 1591) had a professional army, a civil service and even subsidized doctors and religious leaders. In the 16th century Berber invaders from Morocco destroyed what remained of the kingdoms in Mali and trader-sailors began to undermine trans-Saharan trade.
Bamako was founded in the 17th century by Seribadian Niaré and Soumba Coulibaly, or Bamba Sanogo, before its chiefdom passed to Diaoussadian Niaré. The city was an important market town.
In 1883 the region was occupied by French troops, at which time it was a settlement of a few hundred inhabitants, grouped in villages.
In 1908, Bamako became the capital of the French Sudan, four years after the Kayes–Bamako segment of the Dakar–Niger Railway, which connected the Niger River with the port of Dakar, was opened. Its population grew rapidly to approximately 160,000 in 1960.
Neighborhoods
- ACI-2000
- Badalabugu, Bajalan I, Bajalan II, Bako Jikoroni, Bagadaji, Bamako Kura, Bankoni, Bolibana, Bozola, Bugudani, Bulkasumbugu
- Dar Salam, Dawdabugu, Dravela
- Fajigila, Falaje
- Garantigibugu
- Jalakoroji (bordering Bamako District), Janekela, Janjigila, Jelibugu, Jikoroni Para, Jumanzana
- Hamdallaye, Hippodrome
- Kalaban Koro (bordering Bamako District), Kalaban Kura, Korofina, Kuluba, Kulubleni
- Lafiabugu
- Madina Kura, Misabugu, Misira
- Niarela, Ntomikorobugu
- Point G
- Quartier du Fleuve, Quartier Mali, Quinzanbugu
- Sabalibugu I, Sabalibugu II, Safo (bordering Bamako District), Same, Sangarebugu (bordering Bamako District), Saranbugu (bordering Bamako District), Sebeninkoro, Sikoroni, Sirakoro, Senu, Sibiribugu, Sokoroji, Sotuba
- Titibugu (bordering Bamako District), Torokorobugu, TSF-Sans Fil
- Wolofobugu
- Yirimanjo
- Zone Industrielle
Government
Economy
Overview – Any specialization: For instance, is a manufactured product is associated with particular cities a. Milwaukee—cheese and beer b. Los Angeles—entertainment industry c. Sheffield—coal d. top 20 cities in the U.S. are highly specialized
Per capita GDP, rank Financial and business services sector Tourism Manufacturing Transport: Road, rail, air, sea
Bamako Senou International Airport, Mali's main airport, is located some 15km south of downtown Bamako. Passenger traffic reached the 516,000 mark in 2005.
Manufactures include textiles, processed meat and metal goods. There is commercial fishing on the Niger River.
Demographics
The population was 1,690,471 in 2006. Rural migration from drought-stricken tripled the size of the city from 1960 to 1970.
The ethic groups of Mali comprise Mande 50 percent, (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17 percent, Voltaic 12 percent, Songhai six percent, Tuareg and Moor 10 percent, and others five percent
While French is the official language, 80 percent speak Bambara, which belongs to a group of closely-related languages called Manding, while numerous other African languages are spoken.
Ninety percent of the population are Muslim, Christians make up one percent, while the remaining nine percent follow indigenous beliefs.
Colleges and universities
Of interest
Notable landmarks in Bamako include the National Library of Mali, Tour BCEAO, Bamako Grand Mosque, Cathedral of Bamako and the King Fahd Bridge. It is home to Mali's largest international airport, Senou International Airport, as well as the Dakar-Niger Railway, to Koulikoro in eastern Mali and Dakar in Senegal. Attractions include the Mali National Museum, the Muso Kunda Museum, the Bamako Regional Museum, Bamako Zoo, the Bamako Botanical Gardens and the Point G hill, containing caves with rock paintings. Bamako has hosted the biannual photography festival African Photography Encounters since 1994.
In 1988, Bamako was the location of a WHO conference known as the Bamako Initiative that helped reshape health policy of Sub-Saharan Africa.
The yearly held Budapest-Bamako rally has the endpoint in Bamako, with the Dakar Rally often passing through Bamako.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ World's fastest growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020, by CityMayors.com
- ↑ GEOnet Names Server (GNS), by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
External links
- Bamako-culture.org (French language)
- Bamako at Cités du Monde (French language)
- The Bamako Appeal
- Mali Music Scene article in the New York Times
- Music samples article in the New York times
- Drumming Videos Shot in Bamako
- Budapest-Bamako
- Pictures of Bamako
- The official website of Angers Tourist Information Centre
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