Difference between revisions of "Apartment" - New World Encyclopedia
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For apartment lessors, each vacancy represents a loss of income from rent-paying tenants for the time the apartment is '''vacant''' (i.e., unoccupied). Lessors' objectives are often to minimize the vacancy rate for their units. The owner of the apartment typically when transferring possession to the occupant(s) gives him/her the [[Key (lock)|key]] to the apartment entrance door(s) and any other keys needed to live there, such as a common key to the building or any other common areas, and an individual unit mailbox key. When the occupant(s) move out, these keys are typically returned to the owner. | For apartment lessors, each vacancy represents a loss of income from rent-paying tenants for the time the apartment is '''vacant''' (i.e., unoccupied). Lessors' objectives are often to minimize the vacancy rate for their units. The owner of the apartment typically when transferring possession to the occupant(s) gives him/her the [[Key (lock)|key]] to the apartment entrance door(s) and any other keys needed to live there, such as a common key to the building or any other common areas, and an individual unit mailbox key. When the occupant(s) move out, these keys are typically returned to the owner. | ||
| − | ==Apartment types | + | ==Apartment types== |
[[Image:Riverviewnorthlivingroom.jpg|thumb|right|A living room in Avalon Riverview North, a New York city luxury apartment building.]] | [[Image:Riverviewnorthlivingroom.jpg|thumb|right|A living room in Avalon Riverview North, a New York city luxury apartment building.]] | ||
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Moving up from the efficiencies are '''one-bedroom apartments''' where one [[bedroom]] is a separate room from the rest of the apartment. Then there are '''two-bedroom''', '''three-bedroom''', etc. apartments. Small apartments often have only one entrance/exit. | Moving up from the efficiencies are '''one-bedroom apartments''' where one [[bedroom]] is a separate room from the rest of the apartment. Then there are '''two-bedroom''', '''three-bedroom''', etc. apartments. Small apartments often have only one entrance/exit. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:P54ArtDecFlat.JPG|thumb|left|Art Deco block<ref>Tabard House, Hampton Wick, Middlesex</ref>]] | |
| − | + | In some parts of the world, the word apartment refers to a new purpose-built self-contained residential unit in a building, whereas the word ''flat'' means a converted self-contained unit in an older building. An industrial, warehouse, or commercial space converted to an apartment is commonly called a [[loft]]. | |
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| − | [[ | + | '''Loft''' mainly refers to two different types of [[room (architecture)|room]]s. |
| − | + | It typically refers to an upper [[floor|story]] or [[attic]] in a [[building]], directly under the [[roof]]. Alternatively, it can refer to a '''loft apartment''' which is a large adaptable open space either created or converted for residential use. | |
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[[Image:Apartment.JPG|thumb|right|An apartment in the [[Philippines]].]] | [[Image:Apartment.JPG|thumb|right|An apartment in the [[Philippines]].]] | ||
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When part of a house is converted for the ostensible use of a landlord's family member, the unit may be known as an [[Secondary suite|''in-law'' apartment]] or ''granny flat'', though these (sometimes illegally) created units are often occupied by ordinary renters rather than family members. In Canada these suites are commonly located in the basements of houses and are therefore normally called ''basement suites'' or "mother-in-law suites." | When part of a house is converted for the ostensible use of a landlord's family member, the unit may be known as an [[Secondary suite|''in-law'' apartment]] or ''granny flat'', though these (sometimes illegally) created units are often occupied by ordinary renters rather than family members. In Canada these suites are commonly located in the basements of houses and are therefore normally called ''basement suites'' or "mother-in-law suites." | ||
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| − | + | A '''studio apartment''' ('''studio flat''' in the [[United Kingdom]]), or an '''efficiency apartment''' or '''bachelor style apartment''', is a self-contained, small [[apartment]], which combines [[living room]], [[bedroom]] and [[kitchenette]] into a single unit, barring a [[bathroom]]. Bachelor style apartments are sometimes smaller than studio apartments. | |
| + | Studio, efficiency, [[bedsit]] and bachelor style apartments all tend to be the smallest apartments with the lowest rents in a given area, usually ranging around 300 to 600 square feet (25-60 square meters). These kinds of apartments typically consist of one large room which serves as the living, dining, and bedroom. Kitchen facilities may be located in the central room, and the bathroom is often in its own smaller room. | ||
| − | == | + | ===Attic=== |
| − | + | An upper room or [[floor|story]] in a [[building]], mainly in a barn, directly under the [[roof]], used either for storage (as in most private houses), for a specific purpose, e.g. an "[[organ loft]]" in a [[church]], or to sleep in (sleeping loft). In this sense it is roughly synonymous with [[attic]], the major difference being that an attic typically constitutes an entire floor of the building, while a loft covers only a few rooms, leaving one or more sides open to the lower floor. In barns a hayloft is often larger than the ground floor as it would contain a year's worth of hay. | |
| − | + | An attic loft can often be converted to form functional living accommodation (see [[loft conversion]]). | |
| + | ===Loft apartment=== | ||
| + | [[Image:400SGreenLoft.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A former warehouse for printing presses converted to a loft apartment on [[Chicago]]'s Near West Side]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Cotton's Gardens.jpg|right|thumb|Warehouses converted into loft apartments in [[Hoxton]], [[London]]]] | ||
| + | Loft apartments are apartments that are generally built into former [[Industry|industrial]] buildings. When industrial developments are developed into [[condominium]]s instead of apartments, they may be called '''loft condominiums'''. The general term '''warehouse-to-loft conversions''' may sometimes be used for development of industrial buildings into apartments and condominiums. "Loft-style" may also refer simply to developments where a street-level business occupies the first floor while apartment "lofts" are placed '''above''' the first floor. | ||
| + | Sometimes, loft apartments are one component of municipal [[urban renewal]] initiatives that also include renovation of industrial buildings into [[art gallery|art galleries]] and [[studio|studio space]] as well as promotion of a new part of the city as an "[[arts district]]." | ||
| + | Originally popular with [[artist]]s, they are now highly sought-after by other [[Bohemianism|bohemian]]s, and the [[gentrification]] of the former manufacturing sectors of large cities is now a familiar pattern. One such sector is [[Manhattan]]'s [[Meatpacking District]]. The adoption of the Adaptive Reuse Ordinance (2001) in the City of [[Los Angeles]] (primarily the [[Arts District, Los Angeles, California|Arts District]]) is another example of such legislation to encourage the conversion of no longer economically viable industrial and commercial buildings to luxurious residential loft communities. Such is the demand for these spaces among the well-off that [[real estate developer]]s have taken to creating ready-made "lofts" in urban areas that are gentrifying or that seem primed to do so. While some of these units are created by developers during the extensive and costly renovation of old buildings, a number of them are included in the floor plans of brand new developments. Both types of pre-fab loft offer wealthy buyers or renters the proximity to urban amenities afforded by traditional lofts, but without the perceived safety risks of living in economically depressed industrial areas. Detractors argue that these ready-made units are neither produced nor consumed in the spirit of traditional loft living. | ||
| + | ==Characteristics== | ||
| + | Large apartments often have two entrances/exits, perhaps a door in the front and another in the back. Depending on the building design, the entrance/exit doors may be directly to the outside or to a common area inside, such as a hallway. Depending on location, apartments may be available for rent '''furnished''' with [[furniture]] or '''unfurnished''' into which a tenant usually moves in with their own furniture. A '''garden apartment''' has some characteristics of a [[townhouse]]: each apartment has its own entrance, and apartments are not placed vertically over one another. However, a garden apartment is usually only one story high and never more than two stories; they are often one-bedrooms and almost never more than two-bedrooms. Some garden apartment buildings place a one-car garage under each apartment, with pedestrian entrances from a common courtyard open at one end. The grounds are more landscaped than for other modestly scaled apartments. (Alternately, "garden apartment" can refer to a unit built half below grade, putting its windows at garden level.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}} | ||
| + | [[Image:Seattle - garden apartments at 18th and Spruce.jpg|thumb|left|Garden apartments in [[Seattle, Washington]].]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Apartement.jpg|thumb|right|Northern European apartment building.]] | ||
| + | [[Laundry]] facilities may be found in a common area accessible to all the tenants in the building, or each apartment may have its own facilities. Depending on when the building was built and the design of the building, utilities such as water, heating, and electricity may be common for all the apartments in the building or separate for each apartment and billed separately to each tenant (however, many areas in the US have ruled it illegal to split a water bill among all the tenants, especially if a pool is on the premises). Outlets for connection to [[telephone]]s are typically included in apartments. Telephone service is optional and is practically always billed separately from the rent payments. [[Cable television]] and similar amenities are extra also. [[Parking]] space(s), [[air conditioner]], and extra [[Closet|storage]] space may or may not be included with an apartment. Rental [[Rental agreement|lease]]s often limit the maximum number of people who can reside in each apartment. On or around the ground floor of the apartment building, a series of [[Letter box|mailbox]]es are typically kept in a location accessible to the public and, thus, to the [[letter-carrier]] too. Every unit typically gets its own mailbox with individual [[Key (lock)|key]]s to it. Some very large apartment buildings with a full-time staff may take mail from the mailman and provide mail-sorting service. Near the mailboxes or some other location accessible by outsiders, there may be a [[buzzer]] (equivalent to a doorbell) for each individual unit. In smaller apartment buildings such as two- or three-flats, or even four-flats, [[Waste|garbage]] is often disposed of in trash containers similar to those used at houses. In larger buildings, garbage is often collected in a common trash bin or [[Dumpster (term)|Dumpster]]. For cleanliness or minimizing noise, many lessors will place restrictions on tenants regarding keeping [[pet]]s in an apartment. | ||
| − | + | ==Cultural variations== | |
| − | + | ===United States=== | |
| + | In [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]] [[vernacular architecture]], a [[Polish flat]] is an existing small house or cottage that has been lifted up to accommodate the creation of a new basement floor housing a separate apartment, then set down again; thus becoming a modest two-story flat.<ref>[http://www.uwm.edu/News/Features/04.09/polishflat.html Laura L. Hunt, "Two Professors Research Historical Influences on Milwaukee's Housing"]</ref> | ||
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| − | + | A variation of the studio apartment common in [[New York City]] is the "L-shaped" or "[[alcove]]" studio, in which the central room branches off into a small alcove that can be used for sleeping or dining. | |
| − | == | + | ===Russia=== |
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| − | + | In Russia, a '''communal apartment''' («коммуналка») is a room with a shared kitchen and bath. A typical arrangement is a cluster of five or so apartments with their common kitchen and bathroom and their own front door, occupying a floor in a pre-Revolutionary mansions. Traditionally a room is owned by the government and assigned to a family on a semi-permanent basis. It is possible to "privatize" a room by paying a large sum of money to the government; then it can legally be sold. | |
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| + | ===Singapore=== | ||
| + | Studio apartments, in the context of [[Singapore]]'s [[public housing]], are flats that are specifically built by the [[Housing and Development Board]] to cater to the growing senior citizen population, although there is growing popularity among young working singles.{{Fact|date=August 2008}} | ||
| + | ==Notes== | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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*[http://www.neilraymond.co.uk/building-advice/loft-conversion-planning-advice Loft Conversion Advice and Ideas] | *[http://www.neilraymond.co.uk/building-advice/loft-conversion-planning-advice Loft Conversion Advice and Ideas] | ||
| − | + | *[http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/homefinder/article3221073.ece A News feature] | |
| − | + | *[http://www.china.org.cn/english/business/232892.htm Another feature] | |
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{{Credits|Apartment|231098153|Studio_apartment|232222845|Loft|233738862|}} | {{Credits|Apartment|231098153|Studio_apartment|232222845|Loft|233738862|}} | ||
Revision as of 23:47, 30 November 2008
An apartment is a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building. Apartments may be owned (by an owner-occupier) or rented (by tenants).
A common alternative term for apartment is flat. The term "apartment" is favored in North America, whereas the term "flat" is commonly, but not exclusively, used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Commonwealth nations. In Malaysian English, "flat" often denotes a housing block of lesser quality meant for lower-income groups, while "apartment" is more generic and may also include luxury condominiums.
Some apartment-dwellers own their own apartments, either as co-ops, in which the residents own shares of a corporation that owns the building or development; or in condominiums, whose residents own their apartments and share ownership of the public spaces. Most apartments are in buildings designed for the purpose, but large older houses are sometimes divided into apartments. The word apartment connotes a residential unit or section in a building. In some locations, particularly the United States, the word denotes a rental unit owned by the building owner, and is not typically used for a condominium.
The word unit is a more general term referring to both apartments and rental business suites. The word is generally used only in the context of a specific building. E.g., "This building has three units" or "I'm going to rent a unit in this building," but not "I'm going to rent a unit somewhere."
When there is no tenant occupying an apartment, the lessor is said to have a vacancy. For apartment lessors, each vacancy represents a loss of income from rent-paying tenants for the time the apartment is vacant (i.e., unoccupied). Lessors' objectives are often to minimize the vacancy rate for their units. The owner of the apartment typically when transferring possession to the occupant(s) gives him/her the key to the apartment entrance door(s) and any other keys needed to live there, such as a common key to the building or any other common areas, and an individual unit mailbox key. When the occupant(s) move out, these keys are typically returned to the owner.
Apartment types
Apartments can be classified into several types. One is a Studio, efficiency, bedsit, or bachelor style apartment. These all tend to be the smallest apartments with the cheapest rents in a given area. These kinds of apartment usually consist mainly of a large room which is the living, dining, and bedroom combined. There are usually kitchen facilities as part of this central room, but the bathroom is its own smaller separate room.
Moving up from the efficiencies are one-bedroom apartments where one bedroom is a separate room from the rest of the apartment. Then there are two-bedroom, three-bedroom, etc. apartments. Small apartments often have only one entrance/exit.
In some parts of the world, the word apartment refers to a new purpose-built self-contained residential unit in a building, whereas the word flat means a converted self-contained unit in an older building. An industrial, warehouse, or commercial space converted to an apartment is commonly called a loft.
Loft mainly refers to two different types of rooms.
It typically refers to an upper story or attic in a building, directly under the roof. Alternatively, it can refer to a loft apartment which is a large adaptable open space either created or converted for residential use.
When part of a house is converted for the ostensible use of a landlord's family member, the unit may be known as an in-law apartment or granny flat, though these (sometimes illegally) created units are often occupied by ordinary renters rather than family members. In Canada these suites are commonly located in the basements of houses and are therefore normally called basement suites or "mother-in-law suites."
A studio apartment (studio flat in the United Kingdom), or an efficiency apartment or bachelor style apartment, is a self-contained, small apartment, which combines living room, bedroom and kitchenette into a single unit, barring a bathroom. Bachelor style apartments are sometimes smaller than studio apartments.
Studio, efficiency, bedsit and bachelor style apartments all tend to be the smallest apartments with the lowest rents in a given area, usually ranging around 300 to 600 square feet (25-60 square meters). These kinds of apartments typically consist of one large room which serves as the living, dining, and bedroom. Kitchen facilities may be located in the central room, and the bathroom is often in its own smaller room.
Attic
An upper room or story in a building, mainly in a barn, directly under the roof, used either for storage (as in most private houses), for a specific purpose, e.g. an "organ loft" in a church, or to sleep in (sleeping loft). In this sense it is roughly synonymous with attic, the major difference being that an attic typically constitutes an entire floor of the building, while a loft covers only a few rooms, leaving one or more sides open to the lower floor. In barns a hayloft is often larger than the ground floor as it would contain a year's worth of hay.
An attic loft can often be converted to form functional living accommodation (see loft conversion).
Loft apartment
Loft apartments are apartments that are generally built into former industrial buildings. When industrial developments are developed into condominiums instead of apartments, they may be called loft condominiums. The general term warehouse-to-loft conversions may sometimes be used for development of industrial buildings into apartments and condominiums. "Loft-style" may also refer simply to developments where a street-level business occupies the first floor while apartment "lofts" are placed above the first floor.
Sometimes, loft apartments are one component of municipal urban renewal initiatives that also include renovation of industrial buildings into art galleries and studio space as well as promotion of a new part of the city as an "arts district."
Originally popular with artists, they are now highly sought-after by other bohemians, and the gentrification of the former manufacturing sectors of large cities is now a familiar pattern. One such sector is Manhattan's Meatpacking District. The adoption of the Adaptive Reuse Ordinance (2001) in the City of Los Angeles (primarily the Arts District) is another example of such legislation to encourage the conversion of no longer economically viable industrial and commercial buildings to luxurious residential loft communities. Such is the demand for these spaces among the well-off that real estate developers have taken to creating ready-made "lofts" in urban areas that are gentrifying or that seem primed to do so. While some of these units are created by developers during the extensive and costly renovation of old buildings, a number of them are included in the floor plans of brand new developments. Both types of pre-fab loft offer wealthy buyers or renters the proximity to urban amenities afforded by traditional lofts, but without the perceived safety risks of living in economically depressed industrial areas. Detractors argue that these ready-made units are neither produced nor consumed in the spirit of traditional loft living.
Characteristics
Large apartments often have two entrances/exits, perhaps a door in the front and another in the back. Depending on the building design, the entrance/exit doors may be directly to the outside or to a common area inside, such as a hallway. Depending on location, apartments may be available for rent furnished with furniture or unfurnished into which a tenant usually moves in with their own furniture. A garden apartment has some characteristics of a townhouse: each apartment has its own entrance, and apartments are not placed vertically over one another. However, a garden apartment is usually only one story high and never more than two stories; they are often one-bedrooms and almost never more than two-bedrooms. Some garden apartment buildings place a one-car garage under each apartment, with pedestrian entrances from a common courtyard open at one end. The grounds are more landscaped than for other modestly scaled apartments. (Alternately, "garden apartment" can refer to a unit built half below grade, putting its windows at garden level.[citation needed]}
Laundry facilities may be found in a common area accessible to all the tenants in the building, or each apartment may have its own facilities. Depending on when the building was built and the design of the building, utilities such as water, heating, and electricity may be common for all the apartments in the building or separate for each apartment and billed separately to each tenant (however, many areas in the US have ruled it illegal to split a water bill among all the tenants, especially if a pool is on the premises). Outlets for connection to telephones are typically included in apartments. Telephone service is optional and is practically always billed separately from the rent payments. Cable television and similar amenities are extra also. Parking space(s), air conditioner, and extra storage space may or may not be included with an apartment. Rental leases often limit the maximum number of people who can reside in each apartment. On or around the ground floor of the apartment building, a series of mailboxes are typically kept in a location accessible to the public and, thus, to the letter-carrier too. Every unit typically gets its own mailbox with individual keys to it. Some very large apartment buildings with a full-time staff may take mail from the mailman and provide mail-sorting service. Near the mailboxes or some other location accessible by outsiders, there may be a buzzer (equivalent to a doorbell) for each individual unit. In smaller apartment buildings such as two- or three-flats, or even four-flats, garbage is often disposed of in trash containers similar to those used at houses. In larger buildings, garbage is often collected in a common trash bin or Dumpster. For cleanliness or minimizing noise, many lessors will place restrictions on tenants regarding keeping pets in an apartment.
Cultural variations
United States
In Milwaukee vernacular architecture, a Polish flat is an existing small house or cottage that has been lifted up to accommodate the creation of a new basement floor housing a separate apartment, then set down again; thus becoming a modest two-story flat.[2]
A variation of the studio apartment common in New York City is the "L-shaped" or "alcove" studio, in which the central room branches off into a small alcove that can be used for sleeping or dining.
Russia
In Russia, a communal apartment («коммуналка») is a room with a shared kitchen and bath. A typical arrangement is a cluster of five or so apartments with their common kitchen and bathroom and their own front door, occupying a floor in a pre-Revolutionary mansions. Traditionally a room is owned by the government and assigned to a family on a semi-permanent basis. It is possible to "privatize" a room by paying a large sum of money to the government; then it can legally be sold.
Singapore
Studio apartments, in the context of Singapore's public housing, are flats that are specifically built by the Housing and Development Board to cater to the growing senior citizen population, although there is growing popularity among young working singles.[citation needed]
Notes
- ↑ Tabard House, Hampton Wick, Middlesex
- ↑ Laura L. Hunt, "Two Professors Research Historical Influences on Milwaukee's Housing"
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
External links
All links Retrieved on August 25, 2008:
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