Gu Kaizhi

Admonitions of the Instructress to the Palace Ladies, a section of the scroll.

Gu Kaizhi (Traditional Chinese: 顧愷之; Simplified Chinese: 顾恺之; Hanyu Pinyin: Gù Kǎizhī; Wade-Giles: Ku K'ai-chih) (ca. 344-406), is a celebrated painter of ancient China. According to historical records he was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu province and first painted at Nanjing in 364. In 366 he became an officer (Da Sima Canjun, 大司马参军). Later he was promoted to royal officer (Sanji Changshi, 散骑常侍). He was also a talented poet and calligrapher. He wrote three books about painting theory: On Painting (画论), Introduction of Famous Paintings of Wei and Jin Dynasties (魏晋胜流画赞) and Painting Yuntai Mountain (画云台山记). He wrote: "In figure paintings the clothes and the appearances were not very important. The eyes were the spirit and the decisive factor."

Gu's art is known today through copies of three silk handscroll paintings attributed to him.

Admonitions of the Instructress to the Palace Ladies

Part of the scroll (女使箴圖)

This painting - probably a Tang dynasty copy - illustrates nine stories from a political satire about Empress Jia (賈后) written by Zhang Hua (张华 ca. 232-302). Beginning in the eighth century, many collectors and emperors left seals, poems, and comments on the scroll. The Admonitions scroll was stored in the emperor's treasure until it was looted by the British army in the Boxer Uprising in 1900. Now it is in the British Museum collection, missing the first two scenes. Restoration specialists working on the scroll used the wrong materials and caused it to become brittle, so it can only be displayed flat. The original copy is a horizontal handscroll, painted by ink and color on silk.

Nymph of the Luo River (洛神赋)

Nymph of the Luo River survives in three copies dating to the Song dynasty. It illustrates a poem written by Cao Zhi (曹植 192-232). One copy is held by the Palace Museum of Beijing; another is at the Freer Gallery in Washington, D.C. The third was brought to Manchu by the last emperor Pu Yi (溥仪 1906-1967) while he was the puppet emperor of Manchukuo under Japanese rule. When the Japanese surrendered in 1945 the painting disappeared. After ten years the Liaoning provincial museum recovered it.

Wise and Benevolent Women

Little scholarship on this painting seems to exist in English.

Goddess of luo shui, 洛神賦図

External links

• The Admonitions Scroll in the British Museum

zh-classical:顧愷之

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