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The Ottoman Empire was the center of interactions between Asia and Europe for six centuries (read more)
Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña (April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840) was one of the military and political leaders during Colombia's (then known as United Provinces of New Granada) independence struggle (1810-1819) under Simón Bolívar. Following independence from Spain, however, he found himself increasingly at odds with Bolívar and was exiled. Following Bolívar's death, Santander returned to serve as President. He is credited with establishing the rule of law in Colombia.
Jacob prophesies the future of his sons' descendants, the Israelites
The Israelites, as described in the Hebrew Bible, were the descendants of the patriarch Jacob, later known as Israel. Jacob's 12 sons formed the 12 tribes of Israel after emigrating to Egypt. Under the leadership of Moses, they left Egypt and conquered the land of Canaan, forming the nations of Israel and Judah. When the Kingdom of Israel was conquered by Assyria in 722 B.C.E., many people of the northern tribes were taken into exile. In the sixth century B.C.E., Judah was conquered by Babylon and many of its leading citizens were taken into captivity. Their descendants later returned and became known as the Jews.
In the biblical account, the Israelites were the people chosen by God as the people of a special covenant, or agreement, according to which God would bless them and their descendants in exchange for their obedience to certain laws, customs, and attitudes. Although Judaism allows people to join its faith from any ethnic background, most Jews today are the descendants of the Israelites.
