Difference between revisions of "Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom" - New World Encyclopedia
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The capital cities of the Koguryo Kingdom represent a perfect blending of human creation and nature whether with the rocks or with forests and rivers<ref name="UNESCO"/>. | The capital cities of the Koguryo Kingdom represent a perfect blending of human creation and nature whether with the rocks or with forests and rivers<ref name="UNESCO"/>. | ||
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| + | ==Wu Nu Shan== | ||
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{{Infobox Mountain | {{Infobox Mountain | ||
| Name = Wu Nu Shan | | Name = Wu Nu Shan | ||
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Wu Nu Shan is the birthplace of the Korean Kingdom "[[Goguryeo]]" civilization and the last [[feudal]] [[dynasty]]—Manchu's [[Qing Dynasty]]. Its peculiar and beautiful landscapes had made it internationally famous in the last years. | Wu Nu Shan is the birthplace of the Korean Kingdom "[[Goguryeo]]" civilization and the last [[feudal]] [[dynasty]]—Manchu's [[Qing Dynasty]]. Its peculiar and beautiful landscapes had made it internationally famous in the last years. | ||
| − | ==History== | + | === History === |
Wu Nu Shan has a long history of human living. Recent years some [[archaeologist]]s found historical remains and relics on the [[mountain]]. The oldest ones that had been proven are the potteries of the late [[Neolithic]] Age, more than 4500 years ago. Those [[relics]] also include some human-used [[weapon]]s and producing tools which have thousands of years of history. According to the history books, 37 year B.C., the [[Korea]]n [[monarchy|kingdom]] [[Goguryeo]] was founded above the mountain, and the Goguryeo moved the capital to [[Gungnae Seong]] in the year 3. In 1424 when the third king of Jurchen [[Li Manzhu]] invaded Liao Ning with his troops, they quartered at this mountain and founded the Manchu kingdom.<ref name=Travel>{{cite web|url=http://travel.tom.com/china/benxi/you1-6.htm|title=Wu Nu Shan|work=travel.tom.com}}</ref> | Wu Nu Shan has a long history of human living. Recent years some [[archaeologist]]s found historical remains and relics on the [[mountain]]. The oldest ones that had been proven are the potteries of the late [[Neolithic]] Age, more than 4500 years ago. Those [[relics]] also include some human-used [[weapon]]s and producing tools which have thousands of years of history. According to the history books, 37 year B.C., the [[Korea]]n [[monarchy|kingdom]] [[Goguryeo]] was founded above the mountain, and the Goguryeo moved the capital to [[Gungnae Seong]] in the year 3. In 1424 when the third king of Jurchen [[Li Manzhu]] invaded Liao Ning with his troops, they quartered at this mountain and founded the Manchu kingdom.<ref name=Travel>{{cite web|url=http://travel.tom.com/china/benxi/you1-6.htm|title=Wu Nu Shan|work=travel.tom.com}}</ref> | ||
| − | ==Location== | + | === Location === |
Wu Nu Shan is located in the northeast of [[Huanren Manchu autonomous county|Huanren County]] and the northwest of the [[Hun Jiang River]], 8 km from the county. Its main peak measures 821 metres above sea level, has a length of 1500 m from the north to the south side and a width of 300 m from the east to the west side. Its central coordinate is 41°19’36”N，125°24’44”E.<ref name=Travel>{{cite web|url=http://travel.tom.com/china/benxi/you1-6.htm|title=Wu Nu Shan|work=travel.tom.com}}</ref> | Wu Nu Shan is located in the northeast of [[Huanren Manchu autonomous county|Huanren County]] and the northwest of the [[Hun Jiang River]], 8 km from the county. Its main peak measures 821 metres above sea level, has a length of 1500 m from the north to the south side and a width of 300 m from the east to the west side. Its central coordinate is 41°19’36”N，125°24’44”E.<ref name=Travel>{{cite web|url=http://travel.tom.com/china/benxi/you1-6.htm|title=Wu Nu Shan|work=travel.tom.com}}</ref> | ||
| − | ==Natural significance== | + | === Natural significance === |
Wu Nu Shan is located in the north temperate zone so the four seasons are four different beautiful portraits. There are more than 60 natural tourist spots. In the spring and summer one will find flowers, trees, butterflies and birds ; and down the river green waves of water and tourist ships together will make a paradise down the world. In the deep fall of year, red is the main color of the mountain because of the famous [[China|Chinese]] sweet gums. At the end of the year, the mountain will change a white coat and become a jade [[dragon]] lying besides the river. | Wu Nu Shan is located in the north temperate zone so the four seasons are four different beautiful portraits. There are more than 60 natural tourist spots. In the spring and summer one will find flowers, trees, butterflies and birds ; and down the river green waves of water and tourist ships together will make a paradise down the world. In the deep fall of year, red is the main color of the mountain because of the famous [[China|Chinese]] sweet gums. At the end of the year, the mountain will change a white coat and become a jade [[dragon]] lying besides the river. | ||
| − | ==Cultural significance== | + | === Cultural significance === |
Wu Nu Shan is called "The First Defensive City Wall In The East," it has all the elements of a defensive [[city wall]]---[[temple]], [[palace]], [[barn]], [[barracks]], water source, and a city wall of more than 200 metres above the relative sea level. Therefore, the Goguryeo kingdom could quarter at the mountain as long as there can in the cold weapon era.<ref name=Baike>{{cite web|url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/3937.htm|title=The Historically Famous Wu Nu Shan|work=baike.baidu.com}}</ref> | Wu Nu Shan is called "The First Defensive City Wall In The East," it has all the elements of a defensive [[city wall]]---[[temple]], [[palace]], [[barn]], [[barracks]], water source, and a city wall of more than 200 metres above the relative sea level. Therefore, the Goguryeo kingdom could quarter at the mountain as long as there can in the cold weapon era.<ref name=Baike>{{cite web|url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/3937.htm|title=The Historically Famous Wu Nu Shan|work=baike.baidu.com}}</ref> | ||
| − | ==Prominence== | + | === Prominence === |
*1994 Awarded as the Most Protected Culture Relic | *1994 Awarded as the Most Protected Culture Relic | ||
*1999 One of the Top10 National Archaeological Discovery | *1999 One of the Top10 National Archaeological Discovery | ||
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*2004 Nominated on the UNESCO World Heritage List<ref name=Baike>{{cite web|url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/3937.htm|title=The Historically Famous Wu Nu Shan|work=baike.baidu.com}}</ref> | *2004 Nominated on the UNESCO World Heritage List<ref name=Baike>{{cite web|url=http://baike.baidu.com/view/3937.htm|title=The Historically Famous Wu Nu Shan|work=baike.baidu.com}}</ref> | ||
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{{ChineseText}} | {{ChineseText}} | ||
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== Tombs == | == Tombs == | ||
The site includes archaeological remains of 40 tombs: 14 tombs are imperial, and 26 are nobles. Which were built by Koguryo, A kingdom that ruled over parts of northern China and the northern half of the Korean Peninsula from 37 B.C.E. to 668 C.E.<ref name="UNESCO"/>. | The site includes archaeological remains of 40 tombs: 14 tombs are imperial, and 26 are nobles. Which were built by Koguryo, A kingdom that ruled over parts of northern China and the northern half of the Korean Peninsula from 37 B.C.E. to 668 C.E.<ref name="UNESCO"/>. | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| − | *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135 Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom in UN sit] | + | * [http://cafe.pconline.com.cn/topic.jsp?tid=6597811 Wu Nu Shan's Landscapes] |
| + | * [http://www.cojak.org/index.php?function=character_lookup&term=%E8%A3%9D Wǔ Nǚ Shān] | ||
| + | [[Category:Mountains of China]] | ||
| + | * [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1135 Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom in UN sit] | ||
{{World Heritage Sites in China}} | {{World Heritage Sites in China}} | ||
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[[Category:Archaeological sites]] | [[Category:Archaeological sites]] | ||
| − | {{credits|197332660}} | + | {{credits|Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom|197332660|Wunü_Mountain&oldid=215917264|}} |
Revision as of 21:51, 8 July 2008
| Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom* | |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| State Party |  People's Republic of China
|
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iii, iv, v |
| Reference | 1135 |
| Region** | Asia-Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2004 (28th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO. | |
Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom is a World Heritage Site (identification number 1135) located in the People's Republic of China. The designated area of the site is located in and around Ji'an, Jilin. The site was designated as a cultural World Heritage Site in 2004, qualifying as such under the first five of the six criteria for cultural heritage sites[1].
The site contains the archaeological remains of three cities (Wunu Mountain City, Guonei City, and Wandu Mountain City), and forty identified tombs of Koguryo imperial and noble families[1].
Capital Cities
Wunu Mountain City is the first capital of Koguryo(Goguryeo) Kingdom. Guonei City(Gungnae-seong) and Wandu Mountain City(Hwando) are at one time or another the capital of the Koguryo Kingdom[1].
Wunu Mountain City is only partly excavated. Guonei City, within the modern city of Ji’an, played the role of a supporting capital after the main Koguryo capital moved to Pyongyang. Wandu Mountain City contains many vestiges including a large palace and many tombs[1].
The Capital Cities of the Koguryo Kingdom are an early example of mountain cities, later imitated by neighbouring cultures. The system of capital cities represented by Guonei City and Wandu Mountain City also influenced the construction of later capitals built by the Koguryo regime[1].
The capital cities of the Koguryo Kingdom represent a perfect blending of human creation and nature whether with the rocks or with forests and rivers[1].
Wu Nu Shan
| Wu Nu Shan | |
|---|---|
| Elevation | 821 metres (2,693 ft) |
| Location | Liaoning, China |
| Geographic coordinates | 41°19.6′N 125°24.7′E |
| Easiest Climbing route | cable car |
Wu Nu Shan (Chinese: 五女山; pinyin: Wǔ Nǚ Shān), which means the mountain of Five Women, is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located in the north of the town of Huanren, in Huanren Manchu autonomous county, Liaoning Province, China. The tallest peak is the 821 metre-high Main Peak.
Wu Nu Shan is the birthplace of the Korean Kingdom "Goguryeo" civilization and the last feudal dynasty—Manchu's Qing Dynasty. Its peculiar and beautiful landscapes had made it internationally famous in the last years.
History
Wu Nu Shan has a long history of human living. Recent years some archaeologists found historical remains and relics on the mountain. The oldest ones that had been proven are the potteries of the late Neolithic Age, more than 4500 years ago. Those relics also include some human-used weapons and producing tools which have thousands of years of history. According to the history books, 37 year B.C., the Korean kingdom Goguryeo was founded above the mountain, and the Goguryeo moved the capital to Gungnae Seong in the year 3. In 1424 when the third king of Jurchen Li Manzhu invaded Liao Ning with his troops, they quartered at this mountain and founded the Manchu kingdom.[2]
Location
Wu Nu Shan is located in the northeast of Huanren County and the northwest of the Hun Jiang River, 8 km from the county. Its main peak measures 821 metres above sea level, has a length of 1500 m from the north to the south side and a width of 300 m from the east to the west side. Its central coordinate is 41°19’36”N，125°24’44”E.[2]
Natural significance
Wu Nu Shan is located in the north temperate zone so the four seasons are four different beautiful portraits. There are more than 60 natural tourist spots. In the spring and summer one will find flowers, trees, butterflies and birds ; and down the river green waves of water and tourist ships together will make a paradise down the world. In the deep fall of year, red is the main color of the mountain because of the famous Chinese sweet gums. At the end of the year, the mountain will change a white coat and become a jade dragon lying besides the river.
Cultural significance
Wu Nu Shan is called "The First Defensive City Wall In The East," it has all the elements of a defensive city wall---temple, palace, barn, barracks, water source, and a city wall of more than 200 metres above the relative sea level. Therefore, the Goguryeo kingdom could quarter at the mountain as long as there can in the cold weapon era.[3]
Prominence
- 1994 Awarded as the Most Protected Culture Relic
- 1999 One of the Top10 National Archaeological Discovery
- 2002 Awarded as the AAAA Class National Tourist Spot
- 2004 Nominated on the UNESCO World Heritage List[3]
<—
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—>
Tombs
The site includes archaeological remains of 40 tombs: 14 tombs are imperial, and 26 are nobles. Which were built by Koguryo, A kingdom that ruled over parts of northern China and the northern half of the Korean Peninsula from 37 B.C.E. to 668 C.E.[1].
Some of the tombs have elaborate ceilings, designed to roof wide spaces without columns and carry the heavy load of a stone or earth tumulus (mound) which was placed above them. The tombs, particularly the important stele and a long inscription on one of the tombs, shows influence of Chinese culture on Koguryo. The paintings in the tombs, while showing artistic skills and specific style, are also an example of strong influence from various cultures[1].
The tombs represent a masterpiece of the human creative genius in their wall paintings and structures[1].
Notes
See also
|
This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. |
External links
- Wu Nu Shan's Landscapes
- Wǔ Nǚ Shān
- Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom in UN sit
| |||||||
Credits
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
- Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom&oldid=197332660 Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom&action=history history
The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.
