Difference between revisions of "Al Gore" - New World Encyclopedia

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Revision as of 21:26, 30 January 2009

Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.
Al Gore

45th Vice President of the United States
In office
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
President Bill Clinton
Preceded by Dan Quayle
Succeeded by Dick Cheney
Incumbent
Assumed office
November 7, 2000
In office
January 3, 1985 – January 2, 1993
Preceded by Howard Baker
Succeeded by Harlan Mathews
In office
January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1985
Preceded by Robin Beard
Succeeded by Bart Gordon
Born March 31 1948 (1948-03-31) (age 76)
Washington, D.C.
Political party Democratic
Spouse Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" A. Gore
Religion Baptist (formerly Southern Baptist)
Signature AlGoreSig.gif

Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) was the forty-fifth Vice President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. Gore also served in the U. S. House of Representatives (1977–85) and the U. S. Senate (1985–93), representing Tennessee. Gore was the Democratic nominee for president in the 2000 election, ultimately losing to the Republican candidate George W. Bush in spite of winning the popular vote. A legal controversy over the Florida election recount was eventually settled in favor of Bush by the Supreme Court.[1][2]

A prominent environmental activist, Gore was awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize (together with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) for the "efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."[3] He also starred in the Academy Award - winning documentary on the topic of global warming, An Inconvenient Truth. In 2007, Gore helped to organize the July 7 benefit concert for global warming, Live Earth.

Gore is currently chairman of the Emmy Award - winning American television channel Current TV, chairman of Generation Investment Management, a director on the board of Apple Inc., an unofficial advisor to Google's senior management, chairman of the Alliance for Climate Protection,[4] and a partner in the venture capital firm, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, heading that firm's climate change solutions group.[5][6]

There has been continual public speculation of a run for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination but Gore has frequently stated that "I have no plans to run."[7]

Background

Albert Gore, Jr. was born in Washington, D.C., to Albert Gore, Sr., a U.S. Representative (1939–1944, 1945–1953) and Senator (1953–1971) from Tennessee and Pauline LaFon Gore, one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt University Law School. He divided his childhood between Washington and Carthage, Tennessee[8] as a boy. During the school year, the family lived in a hotel in Washington but during summer vacations Gore worked on the family farm in Carthage, where the Gores grew hay and tobacco and raised cattle.[9] He had an elder sister, Nancy Gore Hunger, who died of lung cancer in 1984.[10]

Gore was an honors student at St. Albans School in Washington, D.C. [11] He attended Harvard University and graduated with a B.A. in government (cum laude) in June 1969.[12]

Gore's senior thesis at Harvard was regarding the impact of television on the conduct of the presidency. This thesis essentially stated that television had an inherent bias towards individuals over institutions which would bring more attention to the president than the other branches of governments. The thesis furthermore argued that the ability to communicate well visually was becoming crucial to governing. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

In 1970, Gore married Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson (known as Tipper), whom he had first met "at a party the night of his [high school] graduation."[11] They have four children: Karenna (born 1973), married to Andrew "Drew" Schiff;[13] Kristin (born 1977), married to Paul Cusack; Sarah (born January 7, 1979), married to Taiwanese-American businessman Bill Lee,[14] (李君偉);[15] and Albert III (born 1982). Al and Tipper have two grandchildren: Wyatt Gore Schiff (born 1999) and Anna Hunger Schiff (born 2001).[16]

Vietnam war

Gore opposed the Vietnam War and could have avoided serving overseas by accepting a spot in the National Guard that a friend of his family had reserved for him, or by other means of avoiding the draft. Gore has stated that his sense of civic duty compelled him to serve in some capacity.[17] He enlisted in the United States Army on August 7, 1969. After basic training at Fort Dix, Gore was assigned as a military journalist writing for The Army Flier, the base newspaper at Fort Rucker.[18] With seven months remaining in his enlistment, Gore was shipped to Vietnam, arriving on January 2, 1971.[18] He served with the 20th Engineer Brigade in Bien Hoa.[19]

File:AlGoreVietnam.gif
Gore as a field reporter in Vietnam

Gore said in 1988 that his experience in Vietnam:

"...didn't change my conclusions about the war being a terrible mistake, but it struck me that opponents to the war, including myself, really did not take into account the fact that there were an awful lot of South Vietnamese who desperately wanted to hang on to what they called freedom. Coming face to face with those sentiments expressed by people who did the laundry and ran the restaurants and worked in the fields was something I was naively unprepared for."[20]

Journalism and graduate study

Gore's father would later recall that, "the war, combined with his own campaign defeat and the Watergate scandals, turned his son temporarily against a political career."[11] Thus, after returning from Vietnam (receiving a non-essential personnel honorable discharge two months early) Gore turned to journalism and divinity school at Vanderbilt University.[11][21] He attended the program from 1971–1972 and his goal was to explore "the spiritual issues that were most important to me at the time."[22] He also worked part time as a reporter for The Tennessean , a newspaper in Nashville, Tennessee on the night shift.[22] He would eventually spend five years as a reporter for The Tennessean. His investigations of possible corruption among members of Nashville's Metro Council resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two councilmen for separate offenses.[23] After completing the one year Rockefeller Foundation scholarship, he left the divinity school to focus on journalism full time.[24] A few years later, he studied law at Vanderbilt. He attended law school from 1974–76 but "took away no degrees, deciding abruptly in 1976 to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives."[22]

Political career

Congressional service

At the end of February 1976, 4th District congressman Joe L. Evins unexpectedly announced his retirement from the seat in which he had succeeded Albert Gore, Sr. in 1953. Within hours after Tennessean Publisher John Seigenthaler called him to tell him the announcement was forthcoming,[25] Gore decided to quit law school and run for the United States House of Representatives:

Gore's abrupt decision to run for the open seat surprised even himself. 'I didn't realize myself I had been pulled back so much to it,' he later commented. The news came as a 'bombshell' to his wife. Tipper Gore held a job in the Tennessean's photo lab and was working on a master's degree in psychology, but she joined in her husband's campaign (with assurance that she could get her job at the Tennessean back if he lost). By contrast, Gore asked his father to stay out of his campaign. 'I must become my own man,' he explained. 'I must not be your candidate.'[26]

Gore "narrowly won" the Democratic primary, then ran unopposed in the general election and was elected to his first Congressional post at the age of twenty-eight.[26]

He was re-elected to the House three times, in 1978, 1980, and 1982. In 1984, Gore successfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate, which had been vacated by Republican Majority Leader Howard Baker. Gore served as a Senator from Tennessee until 1993, when he became Vice President.[26] While in Congress, Gore was a member a number of committees including : Senate Armed Services, House Intelligence, Commerce, Science and Transportation, Rules and Administration, and Governmental Affairs.[26] He was involved in passing a number of initiatives. [27]

On March 19 1979, Gore became the first person to appear on C-SPAN, making a speech in the House chambers.[28] In the late 1980s, Gore introduced the Gore Bill, which was later passed as the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991. Leonard Kleinrock, a key player in the development of the ARPANET, considers the act to be a critical moment in Internet history.[29]

Gore clarified his positions as a senator with regard to the Gulf War (particularly the events before and after it) during a speech he gave in 1992.[30][31] In this speech, he stated that while a senator, he twice attempted to get the U.S. government to pull the plug on support to Saddam Hussein, citing Hussein's use of poison gas, support of terrorism, and his burgeoning nuclear program, but was opposed both times by the Reagan and Bush administrations.[30]In the wake of the Al-Anfal Campaign, during which Hussein staged deadly mustard and nerve gas attacks on Kurdish Iraqis, Gore cosponsored the Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988, which would have cut all assistance to Iraq.[30] The bill was defeated in part due to intense lobbying of Congress by the Reagan-Bush White House and a veto threat from President Reagan.[30]

1988 Presidential election

Gore ran for President in the 1988 United States presidential election. He campaigned as a "Southern Centrist" whose main opposition was Jesse Jackson.[32] On Super Tuesday he won Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma.[26][33] Gore eventually dropped out of the democratic race which went to Michael Dukakis.[26]

Vice Presidency (1993–2001)

See also: Vice President Gore and the Information Superhighway
See also: Vice President Gore and the environment
Vice President Gore with President Bill Clinton walking along a colonnade at the White House.

Bill Clinton chose Gore to be his running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election on July 9, 1992. [34] Gore accepted the position after previously choosing not to run for President. On April 3, 1989, his six-year-old son Albert was nearly killed in an automobile accident while leaving the Baltimore Orioles' opening day game. Because of the resulting lengthy healing process, Gore chose to stay near him during the recovery instead of laying the foundation for a 1992 presidential primary campaign (it was during this time period that he wrote Earth in the Balance).[26]Gore was inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1993. Clinton and Gore were re-elected to a second term in the 1996 election.

As Vice President, Gore promoted the development of what he referred to as the Information Superhighway.[35]In addition, during the Clinton-Gore administration, the U.S. economy expanded according to David Greenberg (professor of history and media studies at Rutgers University) who argued that "by the end of the Clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive. Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates, the economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black Americans, and the aged."[36]

In 1996 Gore was criticized for attending an event at the Buddhist Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, California. In an interview on NBC's Today the following year, he stated that, "I did not know that it was a fund-raiser. I knew it was a political event, and I knew there were finance people that were going to be present, and so that alone should have told me, 'This is inappropriate and this is a mistake; don't do this.' And I take responsibility for that. It was a mistake."[37] In March 1997, Vice President Gore also had to explain certain fund-raising calls he made to solicit funds for the Democratic Party for the 1996 election.[38] In a news conference, Gore responded that, "all calls that I made were charged to the Democratic National Committee. I was advised there was nothing wrong with that. My counsel tells me there is no controlling legal authority that says that is any violation of any law."[39]

2000 Presidential election

File:Gorelieberman.jpg
Gore/Lieberman 2000 campaign logo

After two terms as Vice President, Gore ran for President in the 2000 United States Presidential election, selecting Senator Joe Lieberman to be his vice-presidential running mate. Gore's policies had changed substantially from his 1988 Presidential campaign when he ran as a Southern Centrist, reflecting his eight years as Vice President.[40]

On election night, news networks first called Florida for Gore, later retracted the projection, and then called Florida for Bush, before finally retracting that projection as well.[41] Florida's Republican Secretary of State, Katherine Harris, eventually certified Florida's vote count.[42] This led to the Florida election recount, a move to further examine the Florida results. The Florida recount was stopped a few weeks later by the Supreme Court of the United States. In the ruling, Bush v. Gore, the Florida recount was called unconstitutional and that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline, effectively ending the recounts. This 7-2 vote ruled that the standards the Florida Supreme Court provided for a recount as unconstitutional due to violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and further ruled 5-4 that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline. This case ordered an end to recounting underway in selected Florida counties, effectively giving George W. Bush a 534 vote victory in Florida and consequently Florida's 27 electoral votes and the presidency.[43] The results of the decision led to Gore winning the popular vote by approximately 500,000 votes nationwide, but receiving 266 electoral votes to Bush's 271 (1 DC Elector abstained).[44] Gore strongly disagreed with the Court's decision, but decided "for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession."[45]

The election was one of the most controversial in recent American history.[1][2]

2004 Presidential election

Initially, Al Gore was a potential candidate for the 2004 Presidential Election leading to the creation of the bumper sticker "Re-elect Gore in 2004!"[46] On December 16, 2002, however, Gore announced that he would not run in 2004, stating, "I personally have the energy and drive and ambition to make another campaign, but I don't think it's the right thing for me to do [...] I think that a campaign that would be a rematch between myself and President Bush would inevitably involve a focus on the past that would in some measure distract from the focus on the future that I think all campaigns have to be about."[47] Despite Gore taking himself out of the race, a handful of his supporters formed a national campaign to "draft" him into running.[48]

The draft effort came to an end in December 2003 when Gore publicly endorsed Governor of Vermont Howard Dean (over his former running mate Lieberman) weeks before the first primary of the election cycle.[49] Gore's endorsement was met with criticism by eight Democratic contenders including John Kerry.[50][51] Dean's candidacy eventually failed and he left the race in February, 2004.[52] On February 9, 2004, the eve of the Tennessee primary, Gore gave what some consider his harshest criticism of the president yet when he accused George W. Bush of betraying the country by using the 9/11 attacks as a justification for the invasion of Iraq. Gore also urged all Democrats to unite behind their eventual nominee proclaiming, "Any one of these candidates is far better than George W. Bush."[53] In March 2004 Gore, along with former Presidents Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter, united behind John Kerry as the presumptive Democratic nominee.[54]

On April 28, 2004, Gore announced that he would be donating $6 million to support Kerry and Democratic Party groups. Drawing from his funds left over from his 2000 campaign, Gore pledged to donate $4 million to the Democratic National Committee. The party's Senate and House committees would each get $1 million, and the party from Gore's home state of Tennessee would receive $250,000. In addition, Gore announced that all of the surplus funds in his "Recount Fund" from the 2000 election controversy that resulted in the Supreme Court halting the counting of the ballots, a total of $240,000, will be donated to the Florida Democratic Party.[55]

In July 2004, Gore opened the 2004 Democratic National Convention. He stated, " let's make sure that this time every vote is counted. Let's make sure not only that the Supreme Court does not pick the next President, but also that this President is not the one who picks the next Supreme Court."[56] In reference to third-party presidential candidate Ralph Nader, Gore also stated, "I also ask tonight for the help of those who supported a third party candidate in 2000. I urge you to ask yourselves this question: do you still believe that there was no difference between the candidates?"[56]

2008 Presidential election

Gore was not a declared candidate in the 2008 presidential election. However, as he did not reject the possibility of future involvement in politics,[7] the prospect of a Gore candidacy became the topic of public discussion and speculation throughout 2007.[57][58] There were also grassroots draft campaigns including one group which considered a write-in campaign for the New Hampshire primary on 8 January 2008[59] before it was halted.[60] Other grassroots groups in California[61] and New York[62] attempted to convince him to run as well as a number of web-based organizations.[63][64][65][66][67]

The release of An Inconvenient Truth in 2006 and its subsequent acclaim increased Gore's popularity among progressives.[68] After An Inconvenient Truth was nominated for an Academy Award, Donna Brazile (Gore's campaign chairwoman from the 2000 campaign) speculated on the possibility that Gore might announce a possible presidential candidacy for the 2008 election. During a speech on January 31, 2007, at Moravian College, Brazile stated, "Wait till Oscar night, I tell people: 'I'm dating. I haven't fallen in love yet. On Oscar night, if Al Gore has slimmed down 25 or 30 pounds, Lord knows.'"[69] During the award ceremony, Gore and actor Leonardo DiCaprio shared the stage to speak about the "greening" of the ceremony itself. Gore began to give a speech that appeared to be leading up to an announcement that he would run for president. However, background music drowned him out and he was escorted offstage, implying that it was a rehearsed gag,[70][71] which he later acknowledged.[72] Later that evening his film won the Academy Award and speculation increased about his possible run.[73]

A nationwide Gallup poll of 485 Democrats and Democratic leaners in mid-November 2007 showed Gore receiving 17% of the votes in a hypothetical Democratic primary, second to Hillary Clinton, tied with Barack Obama, and ahead of John Edwards. A previous June 29 2007 article in the The Guardian cited a poll conducted "in New Hampshire by 7News and Suffolk University" that found that if Gore "were to seek the Democratic nomination, 29% of Mrs. Clinton's backers would switch their support to him [...] when defections from other candidates are factored in, the man who controversially lost to Mr. Bush in the 2000 election takes command of the field, with 32% support."[74] An even earlier April 2007 Quinnipiac University poll of 504 registered Democrats in New Jersey showed Gore receiving 12% of the votes in a hypothetical Democratic primary, in third place behind Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama.[75]

During the primary season in 2008, Gore's communications' director, Kalee Kreider, stated that "former Vice President Gore has no present plans to endorse a candidate." She also stated that, "he has not ruled out that possibility prior to the convention."[76] Gore and "a number of other senior Democrats plan to remain neutral for now in the presidential race in part to keep open the option to broker a peaceful resolution to what they fear could be a bitterly divided convention."[77] Gore has also expressed hope that one candidate will eventually be named through the primary process. [76] On March 18, 2008, when Gore met with New York mayor, Michael Bloomberg, he responded to questions from reporters concerning the election by stating, "Nope. Nope. Nope. Nope. Nope. I have no comment. Thanks anyway. I am focused on trying to solve the climate crisis. ... Thank you. Great talking to you guys. Bye-bye."[78]

Despite Gore's comments, as of 27 March 2008, some are still speculating that Gore may come out of a brokered 2008 Democratic National Convention as a "compromise candidate" (perhaps with Obama or Clinton as VP) if the party decides it cannot nominate either of the current candidates. [79][80][81][82][83] Gore responded to this speculation in a 30 March 2008 interview with 60 Minutes in which he stated that he continues to maintain a neutral position on the subject of the election and is "not applying for the job of broker." [84][85]

Environmental issues

According to The Concord Monitor, "Gore was one of the first politicians to grasp the seriousness of climate change and to call for a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouses gases. He held the first congressional hearings on the subject in the late 1970s."[86] He also starred in the Academy Award - winning 2006 documentary film An Inconvenient Truth. The film documents the evidence for anthropogenic global warming and warns of dire environmental consequences if people and industries do not make immediate changes to their behavior. It is the fourth-highest-grossing documentary in U.S. history.[87]

Gore receives the Nobel Peace Prize in the city hall of Oslo, December 10, 2007

In February 2007, critics stated that "a report by the Nashville Electric Service revealed that Mr Gore's mansion in Nashville consumed between 12 and 20 times more electricity than the average family home and that his electricity consumption had risen since the film's release in 2005."[88] WKRN-TV reported that the Gore family obtains their power from the Nashville Electric Service's "renewable energy initiative", The Green Power Switch program.[89] The Detroit Free Press also noted that "Gore purchased 108 blocks of 'green power' for each of the past three months, according to a summary of the bills. That’s a total of $432 a month Gore paid extra for solar or other renewable energy sources.The green power Gore purchased is equivalent to recycling 2.48 million aluminum cans or 286,092 pounds of newspaper, according to comparison figures on NES’s Web site."[90] The Associated Press reported on 13 December 2007 that Gore "has completed a host of improvements to make the home more energy efficient, and a building-industry group has praised the house as one of the nation's most environmentally friendly [...] 'Short of tearing it down and staring anew, I don't know how it could have been rated any higher,' said Kim Shinn of the U.S. Green Building Council, which gave the house its second-highest rating for sustainable design."[91]

Gore has also been criticized by those who argue that he maintains carbon neutrality by purchasing carbon credits from Generation Investment Management, a company for which he serves as Chairman.[92][93][94] In response, a spokesman for Generation stated that "Gore is not profiting from his crusade against global warming" and that Gore does not purchase carbon credits from Generation. Instead, Generation purchases carbon credits from third party providers such as the Carbon Neutral Company to offset the personal emissions of all employees and their families, including Gore's. He also argued that Generation does not sell carbon credits, nor does it develop them—rather, they voluntarily purchase credits from others on behalf of employees.[95][96] Other critics accuse him of attempting to make a huge profit from his global warming activism. [97] However, Gore denies money motivates him to fight global warming. [98]

Gore was awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was shared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, headed by Rajendra K. Pachauri (Delhi, India).[99] The award was given "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change" on October 12, 2007.[100] Gore and Pachauri accepted the Nobel Peace Prize for 2007 in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2007.[101][102] [103]

Internet and technology

Gore has been involved with the development of the Internet since the 1970s, first as a Congressman and later as Senator and Vice-President. Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn stated in the 2000 article "Al Gore and the Internet", that Gore was "the first political leader to recognize the importance of the Internet and to promote and support its development."[104] His High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991[105] (often referred to as the Gore Bill) was passed on December 9, 1991 and led to the National Information Infrastructure (NII)[106] which Gore referred to as the "information superhighway."

In a March 9 1999 interview on CNN's Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer, Gore stated, "During my service in the United States Congress I took the initiative in creating the internet. I took the initiative in moving forward a whole range of initiatives that have proven to be important to our country's economic growth and environmental protection, improvements in our educational system."[107] This statement was often misquoted by media outlets and led to the creation of a widely spread urban legend that Gore claimed to have "invented the Internet."[108]

In response to the controversy, Cerf and Kahn argued that, "We don't think, as some people have argued, that Gore intended to claim he 'invented' the Internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, Gore's initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet."[109]

Gore would later poke fun at the controversy on the The Late Show with David Letterman when he read Letterman's Top 10 List, which for this show was called, "Top Ten Rejected Gore - Lieberman Campaign Slogans." Number nine on the list was: "Remember, America, I gave you the Internet, and I can take it away!"[110]

Gore has been a member of the board of directors of Apple Inc. since 2003 and serves as a Senior Advisor to Google Inc.[111]

Gore's 2007 book, The Assault on Reason is an analysis of what he calls the "emptying out of the marketplace of ideas" in civic discourse, which, according to Gore, is due to the influence of electronic media, especially television, and which endangers American democracy; but he also expresses the belief that the Internet can revitalize and ultimately "redeem the integrity of representative democracy."[112]

Private citizen

General

In the summer of 1999 Gore and his son summited Mount Rainier in Washington State.[113] In late 2005, the Gores bought a condominium at San Francisco's St. Regis.[114]

Gore has been involved in education on a number of levels. He taught at four universities in 2001 as a visiting professor (Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism,[115] Fisk University,[116] Middle Tennessee State University,[117] and UCLA.[118]) He was also elected an honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in April 2007 and was inducted in a ceremony in October 2007 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[119] Finally, Concordia University awarded Gore an honorary doctorate on March 22 during the Youth Action Montreal's Youth Summit on Climate Change in Quebec, Canada.[120]

Political activism

On September 23, 2002, in a speech before the Commonwealth Club, Gore criticized President George W. Bush and Congress for what he claimed was their rush to war prior to the outbreak of hostilities in Iraq.[121] In it, Gore alleged that the war was a risk to America's reputation in the world, and questioned the legality of the Bush Doctrine.[122]

A few years later in September 2005, Gore chartered two aircrafts in order to evacuate 270 evacuees from New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. He was highly critical of the government and federal response in the days after the hurricane.[123] Later, on January 16, 2006, Gore delivered a speech criticizing President Bush's use of domestic wiretaps without a warrant.[124] Also, on February 12 2006 at the Jeddah Economic Forum, Gore argued that the US government had committed abuses against Arabs living in America after the 9/11 attacks "and that most Americans did not support such treatment."[125] Finally, in January 2008, Gore posted a video on the Current TV website, in support of same-sex marriage. He stated:[126]

I think it's wrong for the government to discriminate against people because of that person’s sexual orientation. I think that gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women — to make contracts, to have hospital visiting rights, to join together in marriage, and I don’t understand why it is considered by some people to be a threat to heterosexual marriage to allow it by gays and lesbians. Shouldn’t we be promoting the kind of faithfulness and loyalty to one’s partner regardless of sexual orientation? Because if you don’t do that, then to that extent you’re promoting promiscuity, and you’re promoting all the problems that can result from promiscuity. The loyalty and love that two people feel for one another when they fall in love ought to be celebrated and encouraged and shouldn’t be prevented by any form of discrimination in the law.

Selected honors and awards

  • 2008 Doctor honoris causa, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne[127]
  • 2008 Dan David Prize: "Social Responsibility with Particular Emphasis on the Environment."[128]
  • 2008 The Gore resolution (HJR712) passed by the Tennessee House of Representatives which honors Gore's "efforts to curb global warming."[129]
  • 2007 Gothenburg Prize for Sustainable Development[130]
  • 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (environment)
  • 2007 Primetime Emmy Award: Outstanding Creative Achievement in Interactive Television for Current TV (interactive technology)
  • 2007 International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences: Founders Award for Current TV and for work in the area of global warming[131]
  • 2007 Quill Awards: History/current events/politics, The Assault on Reason
  • 2007 Prince of Asturias Award in Spain (environment)[132]
  • 2007 The Sir David Attenborough Award for Excellence in Nature Filmmaking (environment)[133]
  • 2007 Honorary Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences[119]
  • 2006 Quill Awards: History/current events/politics, An Inconvenient Truth
  • 2005 Webby Awards: Lifetime Achievement Award (interactive technology)
  • 1998 The Computerworld Honors Program Honoring Those Who Use Information Technology to Benefit Society: Toshiba America Leadership Award for Education[134]
  • 1993 First Annual Cisco Systems Circle Award: "In recognition of his visionary leadership in building global awareness of computer networking through the National Information Highway Initiative."[135]

Electoral history

Gore has been involved in politics since the mid 1970s.

Bibliography


Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Al Gore. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 George W. Bush, et al., Petitioners v. Albert Gore, Jr., et al., 531 U.S. 98 (2000).. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
  3. ↑ Peace 2007
  4. ↑ Al Gore's Current TV profile. Current TV. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
  5. ↑ Gore joins Valley's Kleiner Perkins to push green business. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
  6. ↑ Partner bio at Kleiner Perkins. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Gore Leaves the Door Open. New York Times, Dec. 10, 2007.
  8. ↑ Albert Gore Jr.: Son of a senator. CNN. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  9. ↑ Zelnick, Bob (1999). Al Gore: A Political Life. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 0-89526-326-2. 
  10. ↑ Film review: An Inconvenient Truth. smh.com.au. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 January 21, 1988, Gore as Candidate: Traveler Between 2 Worlds, New York Times 
  12. ↑ Al Gore Biography
  13. ↑ Gore's Eldest Daughter Weds New York Doctor In Washington
  14. ↑ Wihlborg, Ulrica (2007-06-14). Al Gore's Daughter Sarah Gets Married. People Magazine. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
  15. ↑ When Sarah Gore married Bill Lee
  16. ↑ Keynote Speaker. Orange County Health Care Agency. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  17. ↑ For Gore, Army Years Mixed Vietnam and Family Politics. New York Times. Retrieved 2007-02-25.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Al Gore's Journey
  19. ↑ Gore Chronology
  20. ↑ More Al Gore on Homeland Security. Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  21. ↑ For Gore, a 'Sordid Crusade'. Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Biography: Gore's road from Tennessee to the White House
  23. ↑ Al Gore, boy reporter. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  24. ↑ Al Gore: A Baptist. USA Today. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
  25. ↑ E. Thomas Wood, "Nashville now and then: Young Al's big decision", 2008-02-29. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 Albert A. Gore, Jr., 45th Vice President (1993-2001)
  27. ↑ Legislation Sponsored by Senator Gore
  28. ↑ Oscar win was one more first for Al Gore
  29. ↑ Kleinrock, Leonard, "The Internet rules of engagement: then and now", lk.cs.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Al, Gore (September 29, 1992), Speech by Senator Al Gore 
  31. ↑ Al, Gore (September 29, 1992), Rewind: Gore Blasts G.H.W. Bush for Ignoring Iraq Terror Ties, .breitbart.tv (CSPAN) 
  32. ↑ The first presidential run
  33. ↑ THE FIRST SUPER TUESDAY
  34. ↑ July 10, 1992, THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Their Own Words; Excerpts From Clinton's and Gore's Remarks on the Ticket, New York Times 
  35. ↑ Broad, William (November 10, 1992), Clinton to Promote High Technology, With Gore in Charge, New York Times 
  36. ↑ Memo to Obama Fans: Clinton's presidency was not a failure.. Slate. Retrieved 2005-02-13.
  37. ↑ "Gore Admits Temple Fund-Raiser Was A 'Mistake'", CNN.com, Jan. 24, 1997
  38. ↑ "Fund-Raising Questions Focus On Gore", CNN "AllPolitics," March 2, 1997, Retrieved: October 15, 2007
  39. ↑ As quoted in "The Money Trail", NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, transcript, PBS, March 6, 1997, Retrieved: October 15, 2007
  40. ↑ Presidential Candidates Stances on the Issues
  41. ↑ Online NewsHour
  42. ↑ Bush begins transition, urges Gore not to contest
  43. ↑ Supreme Court Collection: Bush v. Gore
  44. ↑ "It's a Mess, But We've Been Through It Before". Time Magazine. Retrieved on September 6, 2006
  45. ↑ VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE DELIVERS REMARKS
  46. ↑ Gore in 2004 Bumper Sticker
  47. ↑ Gore Says He Won't Run in 2004
  48. ↑ Oaklander leads effort to draft Gore in '04
  49. ↑ Al Gore endorses Howard Dean
  50. ↑ Gore's endorsement stirs debate
  51. ↑ Why Al Gore Really Endorsed Howard Dean
  52. ↑ The Rise And Fall Of Howard Dean
  53. ↑ Gore Says Bush Betrayed the U.S. by Using 9/11 as a Reason for War in Iraq
  54. ↑ Clinton, Carter and Gore at Democrat unity fete
  55. ↑ Gore Giving Leftover Cash of $6 Million to Back Kerry
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 PBS transcript of Gore speech at 2004 convention
  57. ↑ Why Isn't Gore Running?. Newsweek Magazine, Dec. 13, 2007.
  58. ↑ "The Last Temptation Of Al Gore". TIME Magazine, May 28, 2007.
  59. ↑ Dear New Hampshire, Please Draft Al Gore
  60. ↑ [http://www.draftgorenh.com/ Write-In Campaign for Al Gore in New Hampshire Primary Halted.
  61. ↑ California Draft Gore Halts Activities
  62. ↑ The 'Draft Gore' Movement, Sidelined
  63. ↑ algore.org
  64. ↑ draftgore.com
  65. ↑ draftalgore.meetup.com
  66. ↑ draftgore.org
  67. ↑ "America for Gore". Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  68. ↑ Jonathan Chait of The New Republic cites a Daily Kos straw poll and An Inconvenient Truth. "Gore's popularity soars as Clinton loses her way"
  69. ↑ "2008: Democrats in Town". The New York Times. (Blog). February 2, 2007
  70. ↑ "Washington diary: Al meets Oscar", 'BBC News', 2007-02-28. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  71. ↑ "Will Al's Oscar Bounce Put Him in the Race?", ABC News, 2007-02-26. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  72. ↑ Jim Malone. "Gore's Oscar Win Prompts New Political Speculation", Voice of America, 2007-02-27. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  73. ↑ Mike Allen. "Gore's Oscar Success Fuels '08 Speculation", CBS News, 2007-02-26. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  74. ↑ Tisdall, Simon, "Poll of Democrats reveals Gore could still steal the show", The Guardian, 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
  75. ↑ "Giuliani Has Same Lead Over Any Dem In New Jersey, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Moving Primary Has Little Impact On Voters". Quinnipiac University. April 19, 2007.
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Van Natta Jr., Don & Jo Becker (February 16, 2008), Key Dems sit on fence to avoid fight, New York Times (via The San Francisco Chronicle) 
  77. ↑ Luscombe, Richard (Feb. 17, 2008), Gore emerges as power broker while Clinton hopes for a lifeline 
  78. ↑ Benjamin, Elizabeth (March 18, 2008), Gore And Bloomberg Meet (Again) 
  79. ↑ The Democrats’ Dilemma | Newsweek Voices - Eleanor Clift | Newsweek.com
  80. ↑ Miles Mogulescu: How Al Gore Could Become President Without Running in the Democratic Primary - Politics on The Huffington Post
  81. ↑ Stumper : Al Gore to the Rescue?
  82. ↑ Mark Tomasik: Don’t discount Gore-led ticket : Columns : TCPalm
  83. ↑ Is Al Gore the Answer?
  84. ↑ Gore’s Commitment Still to Environment
  85. ↑ Al Gore's New Campaign
  86. ↑ Monitor staff (27 February 2007). Oscar win was one more first for Al Gore. Monitor editorial. Concord Monitor. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
  87. ↑ "DOCUMENTARY: 1982–Present". Box Office Mojo. (Rankings).
  88. ↑ "Stephen McGinty - Gore wins Nobel Peace Prize, but do inconvenient truths lie behind the green gloss?", The Scotsman, October 13, 2007.
  89. ↑ Controversy Surrounds Al Gore's Energy Use. WKRN-TV (2007-02-27). Retrieved 2007-02-27.
  90. ↑ Critics question how green Gore really is. Detroit Free Press (2007-02-27). Retrieved 2007-02-27.
  91. ↑ "Gore Makes Nashville Home more 'Green'. Home", CNN, October 12, 2007.
  92. ↑ Generation:Team
  93. ↑ WorldNetDaily: Gore's 'carbon offsets' paid to firm he owns
  94. ↑ Canada Free Press: Creators of carbon credit scheme cashing in on it
  95. ↑ Gore's Company Says He's Not Profiting from 'Carbon Offsets'
  96. ↑ Generation: Memberships and Initiatives
  97. ↑ "Al Gore's Carbon Crusade: The Money and Connections Behind It. Home", Capital Research Center, August 2007.
  98. ↑ "Al Gore Responds to CRC, Denies Global Warming is His Meal Ticket. Home", Capital Research Center, April 6, 2008.
  99. ↑ BBC (2007-10-12). Indian's surprise at Nobel award. BBC.
  100. ↑ Peace 2007. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  101. ↑ Al Gore (2007-12-10). Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, December 10, 2007. Al Gore.
  102. ↑ Aftenposten Newspaper: Peace Prize winners issue urgent calls for action
  103. ↑ Al Gore Wins the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize
  104. ↑ Kahn, Robert; Vint Cerf (2000-09-29). Al Gore and the Internet. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  105. ↑ Search Results - THOMAS (Library of Congress)
  106. ↑ Chapman, Gary & Marc Rotenberg (1995), in Johnson, Deborah G. & Helen Nissanbaum, Computers, Ethics, & Social Values, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, at The National Information Infrastructure:A Public Interest Opportunity: 628–644 
  107. ↑ "Transcript: Vice President Gore on CNN's 'Late Edition'", CNN, CNN, 1999-03-09. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  108. ↑ Urban legend on Snopes.com: "Al Gore Invented the Internet"
  109. ↑ Kahn, Bob & Vint Cerf (2000-09-29), Al Gore and the Internet. Retrieved 2007-06-02 
  110. ↑ Boehlert, Eric, "Gore Does Dave", cbsnews.com, cbsnews.com, 2000-09-14. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  111. ↑ "Albert Gore Jr.: Former Vice President of the United States", apple.com, apple.com, March 2003. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  112. ↑ Gore, Al. The Assault on Reason (New York: Penguin Press, 2007): 270
  113. ↑ Al Gore Summits Mt. Rainier. USA Today Weekend Addition. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  114. ↑ Al Gore's Move to San Francisco Generates Real Estate Buzz. Newswire. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  115. ↑ "Former Vice President Al Gore to Teach at Columbia's School of Journalism". Columbia University. January 25, 2001.
  116. ↑ "Al Gore To Teach At Fisk University — Brief Article". findarticles.com. COPYRIGHT 2001 Johnson Publishing Co.. COPYRIGHT 2001 Gale Group.
  117. ↑ "The Faculty: Al Gore". ©2001–02 Middle Tennessee State University
  118. ↑ "TRAINING THE NEXT COMMUNITY BUILDERS: Gore taps faculty expertise". Copyright 2001 UC Regents.
  119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 Academy Announces 2007 Class of Fellows
  120. ↑ Hon Doc for Al Gore. Concordia Journal. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
  121. ↑ Former Vice President Al Gore IRAQ and the War on Terrorism — September 23, 2002 Commonwealth Club speech transcript
  122. ↑ Neck Deep Secret: Gore Was Right
  123. ↑ Duncan Mansfield / Associated Press. "Al Gore airlifts Katrina victims out of New Orleans". The Detroit News. September 9, 2005.
  124. ↑ "Transcript: Former Vice President Gore's Speech on Constitutional Issues". Retrieved 2006-09-01.
  125. ↑ Gore Laments U.S. 'Abuses' Against Arabs
  126. ↑ Current TV video: Gay men and women should have the same rights
  127. ↑ Tuesday, April 15, 2008, EPFL Research Day 2008, in the presence of Al Gore 
  128. ↑ Tuesday, February 12, 2008, Al Gore and Amos Oz Among 2008 Dan David Prize Winners 
  129. ↑ House passes resolution to honor Gore's efforts. knoxnews.com. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
  130. ↑ Al Gore To Be Awarded Gothenburg Prize For Sustainability. SR International - Radio Sweden. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
  131. ↑ 2007 Awards for the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences
  132. ↑ Al Gore. Prince of Asturias Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
  133. ↑ Lisa Knox Burns. "Gore to People: It's Up to US" edhat.com.
  134. ↑ The Computerworld Honors Program: Honoring Those Who Use Information Technology to Benefit Society
  135. ↑ June 23, 1993, Vice President Albert Gore Accepts Cisco Circle Award, cisco.com 
  136. ↑ Al Gore releases children's Book on climate change

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Persondata
NAME Gore, Albert Arnold Jr.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Al Gore
SHORT DESCRIPTION 45th Vice President of the United States
DATE OF BIRTH March 31, 1948
PLACE OF BIRTH Washington, D.C. U.S.
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

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