Difference between revisions of "John Hume" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | '''John Hume''' (born | + | '''John Hume''' (born 18 January 1937) is an [[Irish people|Irish]] [[politician]] from [[Northern Ireland]], and co-recipient of the 1998 [[Nobel Peace Prize]], with [[David Trimble]] of the [[Ulster Unionist Party]]. |
| − | He was the second leader of the | + | He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), a position he held from 1979 until 2001. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament and a Member of Parliament for Foyle, as well as a member of the [[Northern Ireland Assembly]]. |
| − | He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the modern political history of [[Northern Ireland]] and one of the architects of the | + | He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the modern political history of [[Northern Ireland]] and one of the architects of the Northern Ireland peace process there. He is also a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize and the [[Martin Luther King]] Award, the only recipient of the three major peace awards. |
==Beginnings== | ==Beginnings== | ||
Revision as of 20:32, 15 June 2007
| John Hume MP MEP | |
| In office 1979 – 2001 | |
| Succeeded by | Mark Durkan |
|---|---|
| Born | January 18 1937 (age 87) |
| Constituency | Foyle |
| Political party | SDLP |
| Spouse | Patricia Hume |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
John Hume (born 18 January 1937) is an Irish politician from Northern Ireland, and co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, with David Trimble of the Ulster Unionist Party.
He was the second leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), a position he held from 1979 until 2001. He has served as a Member of the European Parliament and a Member of Parliament for Foyle, as well as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly.
He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the modern political history of Northern Ireland and one of the architects of the Northern Ireland peace process there. He is also a recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize and the Martin Luther King Award, the only recipient of the three major peace awards.
Beginnings
John Hume was born in Londonderry and educated at St. Columb's College and at St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, the leading Roman Catholic seminary in Ireland and a recognised college of the National University of Ireland, where he intended to study for the priesthood. Among his teachers was the future Cardinal Ó Fiaich.
He did not complete his clerical studies, but did obtain a M.A degree from the college, and then returned home to his native city and became a teacher. He was a founding member of the Credit Union movement in the city. Hume became a leading figure in the civil rights movement in the late 1960s, having been prominent in the unsuccessful fight to have Northern Ireland's second university established in Derry in the mid-sixties. After this campaign, John Hume went on to be a prominent figure in the Derry Citizen's Action Committee. The DCAC was set up in the wake of the 5th of October march through Derry which had caused so much attention to be drawn towards the situation in Northern Ireland. The purpose of the DCAC was to make use of the publicity surrounding recent events to bring to light grievances in Derry that had been surpressed by the Unionist Government for years. The DCAC unlike Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA), however, was aimed specifically at a local campaign, improving the situation in Derry for all, and maintaining a peaceful stance. The committee even had a Stewards Association that was there to prevent any violence at marches or sit-downs. As this association was seen at times to be the only force keeping the peace, this greatly undermined the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC).
Political career
Hume became an independent member of the Northern Ireland Parliament in 1969 at the height of the civil rights campaign. He was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1973, and served as Minister of Commerce in the short-lived power-sharing government in 1974. He was elected to the Westminster Parliament in 1983.
In October 1971 he joined four Westminster MPs in a 48-hour hunger strike to protest at the internment without trial of hundreds of suspected Irish republicans. A founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), he succeeded Gerry Fitt as its leader in 1979. He has also served as one of Northern Ireland's three Member of the European Parliaments and has served on the faculty of Boston College, from which he received an honorary degree in 1995.
Hume was directly involved in 'secret talks' with the British government and Sinn Féin, in effort to bring Sinn Féin to the discussion table openly. The talks are speculated to have led directly to the Anglo-Irish Agreement in 1985.
However the vast majority of unionists rejected the agreement and staged a massive and peaceful public rally in Belfast City Centre to demonstrate their distaste. Many republicans and nationalists rejected it also, as they had seen it as not going far enough [citation needed]. Hume, however, continued dialogue with both governments and Sinn Féin. The "Hume-Adams process" eventually delivered the 1994 IRA ceasefire which ultimately provided the relatively peaceful backdrop against which the Good Friday agreement was brokered.
Reputation
Hume is credited with being the thinker behind many of the recent political developments in Northern Ireland, from Sunningdale power-sharing to the Anglo-Irish Agreement and the Belfast Agreement. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998 alongside the then-leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, David Trimble.
On his retirement from the leadership of the SDLP in 2001 he was praised across the political divide, even by his longtime opponent, fellow MP and MEP, the Rev. Ian Paisley, although, ironically, Conor Cruise O'Brien, the iconoclastic Irish writer and former politician was a scathing critic of Hume, for what O'Brien perceived as Hume's anti-Protestant bias, but this is definitely a minority viewpoint.
Retirement
On 4 February 2004, Hume announced his complete retirement from politics, and shepherded Mark Durkan as the SDLP leader and successor. He did not contest the 2004 European election (which was won by Bairbre de Brún of Sinn Féin) or the 2005 general election, which Mark Durkan successfully held for the SDLP.
Hume and his wife, Pat, continue to be active in promoting European integration, issues around global poverty and the Credit Union movement. In furtherance of his goals, he continues to speak publicly, including a visit to Seton Hall University in New Jersey in 2005, or the first Summer University of Democracy of the Council of Europe (Strasbourg, 10 July - 14 July 2006).
Hume also holds the position of Club President at his local football team, Derry City F.C., of whom he has been a keen supporter all his life.
Awards
- Honorary LL.D., Boston College, 1995. One of the 44 honorary doctorates Hume has been awarded.
- Nobel Prize for Peace (co-recipient), 1998.
- Martin Luther King Peace Award, 1999 [[1]]
- International Gandhi Peace Prize, 2001.
- Honorary Patronage of the University Philosophical Society 2004
- Freedom of the City of Cork, 2004.[1]
Further reading
- John Hume, 'Personal views, politics, peace and reconciliation in Ireland,' Town House, Dublin, 1996.
- John Hume, ‘Derry beyond the walls: social and economic aspects of the growth of Derry,' Ulster Historical foundation, Belfast, 2002.
- Barry White, 'John Hume: a statesman of the troubles,' Blackstaff, Belfast, 1984
- George Drower, 'John Hume: man of peace,' Gollancz, London, 1995.
- Paul Routledge, 'John Hume: a biography,' Harper-Collins, London, 1997
- Gerard Murray, 'John Hume and the SDLP: impact and survival in Northern Ireland,' Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1998.
Quotes
- "Over the years, the barriers of the past—the distrust and prejudices of the past—will be eroded, and a new society will evolve, a new Ireland based on agreement and respect for difference."
- "I thought that I had a duty to help those that weren't as lucky as me."
External links
"His Nobel Lecture", Nobelprize.org, Oslo, December 10, 1998 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1998/hume-lecture.html. Retrieved 13 June 2007
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
| Parliament of Northern Ireland | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by: Eddie McAteer |
Member of Parliament for Foyle 1969 - 1972 |
Succeeded by: Position prorogued 1972 Parliament abolished 1973 |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by: constituency created |
Member of Parliament for Foyle 1983–2005 |
Succeeded by: Mark Durkan |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by: Gerry Fitt |
Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party 1979-2001 |
Succeeded by: Mark Durkan |
Template:SDLP Leaders
| |||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | John Hume |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Northern Irish politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 18 January 1937 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Derry City, Northern Ireland |
| DATE OF DEATH | living |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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