Clavell, James

James Clavell
James Clavell
Born	October 10 1924; Sydney, Australia
Died	September 7 1994 (aged 69); Switzerland
Occupation	novelist, screenwriter, director
Nationality	British
Writing period	1958–1993

Latest revision as of 15:44, 16 March 2018

James Clavell, born Charles Edmund Dumaresq Clavell (October 10, 1924 – September 7, 1994) was a British (later naturalized American) novelist, screenwriter, director and World War II veteran and prisoner of war. Clavell is best known for his epic Asian Saga series of novels and their televised adaptations, along with such films as The Great Escape and To Sir, with Love.

An admirer of Ayn Rand, Clavell embraced the ethic of individualism. Coming of age during the era of World War II, Clavell rejected fascism and communitarianism in favor of the virtues of capitalism and freedom. His characters often serve as examples of these virtues.

Early life and World War II

Clavell was the son of Commander Richard Clavell, a British Royal Navy officer who was stationed in Australia on secondment from the Royal Navy to the Royal Australian Navy. In 1940, when Clavell finished his secondary schooling at Portsmouth Grammar School, he joined the Royal Artillery to follow his family tradition.

Following the outbreak of World War II, at the age of 16 he joined the Royal Artillery in 1940, and was sent to Malaya to fight the Japanese. Wounded by machine gun fire, he was eventually captured and sent to a Japanese prisoner of war camp on Java. Later he was transferred to Changi Prison in Singapore.

Clavell suffered greatly at the hands of his Japanese captors. Changi was notorious for its poor living conditions. According to the introduction to King Rat, written by Clavell's daughter Michaela, over 90 percent of the prisoners who entered Changi never walked out. Clavell was reportedly saved, along with an entire battalion, by an American prisoner of war who later became the model for "The King" in Clavell's King Rat.

By 1946, Clavell had risen to the rank of Captain, but a motorcycle accident ended his military career. He enrolled at the University of Birmingham, where he met April Stride, an actress, whom he married in 1951.

Peter Marlowe

Peter Marlowe is a character in the Clavell novels King Rat and Noble House, although he is also mentioned once as a friend of Andrew Gavallan, in the novel Whirlwind. Featured much more prominently in King Rat, he is an English FEPOW in Changi prison during World War II. In Noble House, set two decades later, he is a novelist researching a book about Hong Kong. He is a thinly veiled fictionalization of Clavell placed inside his own works. Ancestors of the character Peter Marlowe are also mentioned in other Clavell novels. In addition Peter Marlowe was said to be very important to Clavell as a character due to reports that Clavell suffered great mental anguish after his stay in Changi prison and wrote King Rat to deal with his experiences and memories of the time.

Film industry

In 1953, Clavell and his wife emigrated to the United States and settled down in Hollywood. Clavell scripted the grisly science-fiction horror film The Fly and wrote a war film, Five Gates to Hell. Clavell won a Writers Guild Best Screenplay Award for the 1963 film The Great Escape. He also wrote, directed and produced a 1967 box office hit, To Sir With Love, starring Sidney Poitier.

Clavell's daughter Michaela appeared briefly as Penelope Smallbone, Moneypenny's successor, in the James Bond 007 movie Octopussy. The character, however, did not catch on and was dropped after that single picture.

Films

The Fly (1958) (writer)
Watusi (1959) (writer)
Five Gates to Hell (1959) (writer and director)
Walk Like a Dragon (1960) (writer and director)
The Great Escape (1963) (co-writer)
633 Squadron (1964) (co-writer)
The Satan Bug (1965) (co-writer)
To Sir, with Love (1966) (writer and director)
The Sweet and the Bitter (1967) (writer and director)
Where's Jack? (1968) (director)
The Last Valley (1970) (writer and director)
Shogun - miniseries (1980)
Noble House - miniseries (1988)

Tai-Pan and King Rat have both been adapted as feature films; however Clavell was not directly involved in their writing.

Novelist

Clavell is the author of a series of novels known as The Asian Saga. The series includes six novels written Clavell between 1962 and 1993. The novels all center on Europeans in Asia, and together they explore the impact on East and West of the meeting of these two distinct civilizations. Clavell's first novel, King Rat, was a semi-fictional account of his prison experiences at Changi. When the book was published in 1962, it became an immediate best-seller and three years later, it was adapted for film. His next novel, Tai-Pan, was a fictional account of Jardine-Matheson's rise to prominence in Hong Kong, as told through who was to become Clavell's heroic archetype, Dirk Struan. Struan's descendants would inhabit almost all of his forthcoming books.

This was followed by Shogun in 1975, the story of an English navigator set in 1600s Japan. When the story was made into a TV series in 1980, produced by Clavell, it became the second highest rated mini-series in history with an audience of over 120 million. In 1981, Clavell published his fourth novel, Noble House, which became a number one best seller during that year and was also made into a miniseries. Following the success of Noble House, Clavell wrote Whirlwind (1986) and Gai-Jin (1993) along with The Children's Story (1981) and Thrump-o-moto (1985).

Novels

The Asian Saga consisting of six novels:

King Rat (1962): Set in a Japanese POW camp, 1945
Tai-Pan (1966): Set in Hong Kong, 1841
Shogun (1975): Set in feudal Japan, 1600
Noble House (1981): Set in Hong Kong, 1963
Whirlwind (1986): Set in Iran, 1979
Gai-Jin (1993): Set in Japan, 1862

Several of Clavell's books have been adapted as films or miniseries;Shogun was also adapted into a computer Interactive Fiction game.

Other books include:

The Children's Story (1980)
The Art of War a translation of Sun Tzu's famous book (1983)
Thrump-O-Moto Illustrated by George Sharp (1986)
Escape (1994) - shorter novel adapted from Whirlwind

Apart from Shogun and King Rat, all the books follow the dealings of the great trading company Struan's, the Noble House of Asia (based on Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited), its founder Dirk Struan, and his various descendants. Gai-Jin provides the major link between the Shogun and Struans storylines, while two characters from King Rat (Robin Grey and Peter Marlowe) appear in Noble House.

Some of the characters make appearances in multiple books, and many characters from one book are referred to in later books. There are dozens of characters throughout the series, with very complex family relationships and a great deal of history that is hinted at but never described in detail.

Later life

In 1963, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.

He died of a stroke while suffering from cancer in Switzerland in 1994, one month before his 70th birthday.

Legacy

Clavell was an ardent individualist, anti-fascist and proponent of laissez-faire capitalism, as many of his books' heroes exemplify.

Clavell admired Ayn Rand, founder of the Objectivist school of philosophy, and sent Ayn Rand a copy of Noble House in 1981 inscribed: "This is for Ayn Rand—one of the real, true talents on this earth for which many, many thanks. James C, New York, 2 Sept 81." Rand's philosophy and fiction emphasize the concepts of individualism and rational egoism ("rational self-interest") within a framework of free trade between actors motivated solely by value enhancement, unfettered by political or religious constraint.

Clavell indentified with the Randian hero, a man or woman whose ability and independent creative and responsible action causes conflict with individuals and systems that exploit through appeals for charity ("mooching") and the use of coercion and power ("looting") under the guise of government and religion. Rand viewed this hero as the personification of reason.

Following generous sponsorship by his widow, the library and archive of the Royal Artillery Museum at Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, in London has been renamed the James Clavell library in his honor^[1].

Notes

↑ Royal Artillery Museum firepower.org.uk. Retrieved November 25, 2008.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Clavell, James, King Rat. Delacorte Press, 1983. ISBN 978-0385292115
Clavell, James, The Making of James Clavell's Shogun. Hoddern, 1981. ISBN 978-0340261552
Macdonald, Gina, James Clavell: a critical companion. Greenwood Press, 1996. ISBN 9780313294945

External links

All links retrieved March 16, 2018.

James Clavell at the Internet Movie Database

Credits

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[1] Royal Artillery Museum firepower.org.uk. Retrieved November 25, 2008.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''THIS ARTICLE IS POTENTIALLY CLAIMED, JUST CHECKING ON IT. THANKS!  MARY ANGLIN'''
+[[category:Image wanted]]{{submitted}}{{approved}}{{Copyedited}}{{epname|Clavell, James}}
-[[Image:James Clavell.JPG|thumb|right|250px|James Clavell in [[1986]]]]
+{{Infobox Writer <!— for more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]] —>
+| name        = James Clavell
+| birthdate  = {{birth_date|1924|10|10|mf=y}}
+| birthplace = [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]
+| deathdate  = {{death_date_and_age|1994|9|7|1924|10|10|mf=y}}
+| deathplace = [[Switzerland]]
+| occupation  = [[novelist]], [[screenwriter]], [[film director|director]]
+| nationality = [[British people|British]]
+| period      = 1958–1993
+}}
-James Clavell, born ''Clavell, Charles Edmund Dumaresq '' ([[10 October]], [[1924]] – [[7 September]], [[1994]]) was a [[novelist]], [[screenwriter]], [[Film director|director]] and [[World War II]] hero and [[POW]]. Clavell is best known for his epic [[Asian Saga]] series of novels and their televised adaptations, along with such films as ''[[The Great Escape]]'' and ''[[To Sir, with Love]]''.
+'''James Clavell''', born '''Charles Edmund Dumaresq Clavell''' (October 10, 1924 – September 7, 1994) was a [[United Kingdom|British]] (later naturalized [[United States|American]]) [[novelist]], [[screenwriter]], [[Film director|director]] and [[World War II]] veteran and [[prisoner of war]]. Clavell is best known for his epic [[Asian Saga]] series of novels and their televised adaptations, along with such films as ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' and ''[[To Sir, with Love]].''
+{{toc}}
+An admirer of [[Ayn Rand]], Clavell embraced the ethic of [[individualism]]. Coming of age during the era of [[World War II]], Clavell rejected [[fascism]] and communitarianism in favor of the virtues of [[capitalism]] and [[freedom]]. His characters often serve as examples of these virtues.
-==Early Life and WW2 Experience==
+==Early life and World War II==
+Clavell was the son of Commander Richard Clavell, a British [[Royal Navy]] officer who was stationed in [[Australia]] on secondment from the Royal Navy to the [[Royal Australian Navy]]. In 1940, when Clavell finished his secondary schooling at [[Portsmouth Grammar School]], he joined the [[Royal Artillery]] to follow his family tradition.
-Clavell was the son of Commander Richard Clavell, a British Royal Navy officer who was stationed in Australia to help establish the Royal Australian Navy. In 1940, when Clavell finished his secondary schooling at Portsmouth Grammar School, he joined the Royal Artillery to follow his family tradition.
+Following the outbreak of [[World War II]], at the age of 16 he joined the [[Royal Artillery]] in 1940, and was sent to [[British Malaya|Malaya]] to fight the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]]. Wounded by machine gun fire, he was eventually captured and sent to a Japanese prisoner of war camp on [[Java (island)|Java]]. Later he was transferred to [[Changi Prison]] in [[Singapore]].
-Following the outbreak of [[World War II]], in 1940, aged 16, he joined the [[British Royal Artillery]], and was sent to [[Malaya]] to fight the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]]. Wounded by machine gun fire, he was eventually captured and sent to a Japanese prisoner of war camp on [[Java (island)|Java]]. Later, he was transferred to [[Changi Prison]] near [[Singapore]].
+Clavell suffered greatly at the hands of his Japanese captors. Changi was notorious for its poor living conditions. According to the introduction to ''King Rat,'' written by Clavell's daughter Michaela, over 90 percent of the prisoners who entered Changi never walked out. Clavell was reportedly saved, along with an entire battalion, by an American prisoner of war who later became the model for "The King" in Clavell's ''[[King Rat (1962 novel)|King Rat]].''
-Like nearly all the POWs, Clavell suffered greatly at the hands of his Japanese captors .
+By 1946, Clavell had risen to the rank of Captain, but a motorcycle accident ended his military career. He enrolled at the [[University of Birmingham]], where he met April Stride, an actress, whom he married in 1951.
+===Peter Marlowe===
+''Peter Marlowe'' is a character in the Clavell novels ''[[King Rat (1962 novel)|King Rat]]'' and ''[[Noble House]],'' although he is also mentioned once as a friend of Andrew Gavallan, in the novel ''[[Whirlwind_(novel)|Whirlwind]].'' Featured much more prominently in ''King Rat,'' he is an [[England|English]] [[Far East Prisoners of War|FEPOW]] in [[Changi]] prison during [[World War II]]. In ''Noble House,'' set two decades later, he is a novelist researching a book about [[Hong Kong]]. He is a thinly veiled fictionalization of Clavell placed inside his own works. Ancestors of the character Peter Marlowe are also mentioned in other Clavell novels. In addition Peter Marlowe was said to be very important to Clavell as a character due to reports that Clavell suffered great mental anguish after his stay in Changi prison and wrote ''King Rat'' to deal with his experiences and memories of the time.
-Changi was notorious for its poor living conditions. According to the introduction to King Rat, written by Clavell's daughter Michela, over 90% of the prisoners who entered Changi never walked out. Clavell was reportedly saved, along with an entire battalion by an American prisoner of war, who later became the model for "The King" in Clavell's [[King Rat (1962 novel)|King Rat]].
+==Film industry==
+In 1953, Clavell and his wife emigrated to the United States and settled down in [[Hollywood]]. Clavell scripted the grisly [[science-fiction]] horror film ''[[The Fly (1958 film) | The Fly]]'' and wrote a war film, ''[[Five Gates to Hell]].'' Clavell won a [[Writers Guild Best Screenplay Award]] for the 1963 film ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]].'' He also wrote, directed and produced a 1967 box office hit, ''[[To Sir With Love]],'' starring [[Sidney Poitier]].
-By 1946, Clavell had risen to the rank of Captain, but a motorcycle accident ended his military career. He enrolled at the [[University of Birmingham]], where he met April Stride, an actress, whom he married in 1951.
+Clavell's daughter [[Michaela Clavell|Michaela]] appeared briefly as [[Penelope Smallbone]], [[Moneypenny]]'s successor, in the [[James Bond 007]] movie ''[[Octopussy]].'' The character, however, did not catch on and was dropped after that single picture.
-==Novelist==
+===Films===
+*''[[The Fly (1958)|The Fly]]'' (1958) (writer)
+*''[[Watusi (film)|Watusi]]'' (1959) (writer)
+*''[[Five Gates to Hell]]'' (1959) (writer and director)
+*''[[Walk Like a Dragon]]'' (1960) (writer and director)
+*''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' (1963) (co-writer)
+*''[[633 Squadron]]'' (1964) (co-writer)
+*''[[The Satan Bug]]'' (1965) (co-writer)
+*''[[To Sir, with Love]]'' (1966) (writer and director)
+*''[[The Sweet and the Bitter]]'' (1967) (writer and  director)
+*''[[Where's Jack?]]'' (1968) (director)
+*''[[The Last Valley]]'' (1970) (writer and  director)
+*''[[Shogun (miniseries)|Shogun]]'' - miniseries (1980)
+*''[[Noble House]]'' - miniseries (1988)
-Clavell's novel [[King Rat (1962 novel)|King Rat]], was a semi-fictional account of his prison experiences at [[Changi]]. When the book was published in 1962, it became an immediate best-seller and three years later, it was adapted for film. However, Hollywood producers were seemingly unable to handle the idea of Clavell's unabashed capitalist hero, making subtle yet profound changes to the story, frustrating Clavell. His next novel, [[Tai-Pan]], was a fictional account of [[Jardine-Matheson]]'s rise to prominence in Hong Kong, as told through who was to become Clavell's heroic archetype, [[Dirk Struan]]. [[Struan]]'s descendants would inhabit almost all of his forthcoming books.
+''Tai-Pan'' and ''King Rat'' have both been adapted as feature films; however Clavell was not directly involved in their writing.
-This was followed by [[Shogun (novel)|Shogun]] in 1975, the story of an English navigator set in 1600s [[Japan]]. When the story was made into a TV series in 1980, produced by Clavell, it became the second highest rated mini-series in history with an audience of over 120 million. In 1981, Clavell published his fourth novel, [[Noble House]], which became a number one best seller during that year and was also made into a miniseries. Following the success of Noble House, Clavell wrote [[Whirlwind]] (1986) and [[Gai-Jin]] (1993) along with [[The Children's Story]] (1981) and [[Thrump-o-moto]] (1985).
+==Novelist==
+Clavell is the author of a series of novels known as '''The Asian Saga'''. The series includes six novels written Clavell between 1962 and 1993. The novels all center on [[Europe]]ans in [[Asia]], and together they explore the impact on East and West of the meeting of these two distinct civilizations. Clavell's first novel, ''[[King Rat (1962 novel)|King Rat]],'' was a semi-fictional account of his prison experiences at [[Changi]]. When the book was published in 1962, it became an immediate best-seller and three years later, it was adapted for film. His next novel, ''[[Tai-Pan (novel)|Tai-Pan]],'' was a fictional account of [[Jardine-Matheson]]'s rise to prominence in Hong Kong, as told through who was to become Clavell's heroic archetype, [[Dirk Struan]]. [[Struans|Struan]]'s descendants would inhabit almost all of his forthcoming books.
-==Film Industry==
+This was followed by ''[[Shogun (novel)|Shogun]]'' in 1975, the story of an English navigator set in 1600s [[Japan]]. When the story was made into a TV series in 1980, produced by Clavell, it became the second highest rated mini-series in history with an audience of over 120 million. In 1981, Clavell published his fourth novel, ''[[Noble House]],'' which became a number one best seller during that year and was also made into a miniseries. Following the success of Noble House, Clavell wrote ''[[Whirlwind (novel)|Whirlwind]]'' (1986) and ''[[Gai-Jin]]'' (1993) along with ''[[The Children's Story]]'' (1981) and ''[[Thrump-o-moto]]'' (1985).
-In 1953, Clavell and his wife immigrated to the United States and settled down in [[Hollywood]]. Clavell scripted the grisly science-fiction horror film, ''[[The Fly]],'' and wrote a war film, ''[[Five Gates to Hell]].'' Clavell won a [[Writers Guild Best Screenplay Award]] for the 1963 film ''[[The Great Escape]].'' He also wrote, directed and produced a 1967 box office hit, ''[[To Sir With Love]],'' starring [[Sidney Poitier]].
+===Novels===
+''[[The Asian Saga]]'' consisting of six novels:
+*''[[King Rat (1962 novel)|King Rat]]'' (1962): Set in a Japanese POW camp, 1945
+*''[[Tai-Pan (novel)|Tai-Pan]]'' (1966): Set in [[Hong Kong]], 1841
+*''[[Shogun (novel)|Shogun]]'' (1975): Set in feudal [[Japan]], 1600
+*''[[Noble House]]'' (1981): Set in [[Hong Kong]], 1963
+*''[[Whirlwind (novel)|Whirlwind]]'' (1986): Set in [[Iran]], 1979
+*''[[Gai-Jin (novel)|Gai-Jin]]'' (1993): Set in [[Japan]], 1862
-Clavell's daughter [[Michaela Clavell|Michaela]] appeared briefly as [[Penelope Smallbone]], [[Moneypenny]]'s successor, in the [[James Bond 007]] movie ''[[Octopussy]].'' The character, however, did not catch on and was dropped after that single picture.
+Several of Clavell's books have been adapted as films or miniseries;''Shogun'' was also adapted into a computer [[Interactive Fiction]] game.
-==Politics and Later Life==
+Other books include:
+*''[[The Children's Story]]'' (1980)
+*''[[The Art of War]]'' a translation of [[Sun Tzu]]'s famous book (1983)
+*''[[Thrump-O-Moto]]'' Illustrated by George Sharp (1986)
+*''[[Escape (novel)|Escape]]'' (1994) - shorter novel adapted from '''Whirlwind'''
-Politically, Clavell was said to have been an ardent [[individualist]], anti-fascist and proponent of [[Laissez-Faire]] Capitalism, as many of his book's heroes exemplify.
+Apart from ''Shogun'' and ''King Rat,'' all the books follow the dealings of the great trading company [[Struans|Struan's]], the Noble House of Asia (based on [[Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited]]), its founder [[Dirk Struan]], and his various descendants. ''Gai-Jin'' provides the major link between the ''Shogun'' and Struans storylines, while two characters from ''King Rat'' (Robin Grey and Peter Marlowe) appear in ''Noble House.''
-In recent years, some critics have compared the philosophy underlying his books to that of [[Ayn Rand]]'s  [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|Objectivism]]. In particular, his character of The King from King Rat seemed to live by a strikingly similar code when compared to Ayn Rand's [[Howard Roark]] from [[The Fountainhead]]. Clavell himself lent credence to this claim by sending [[Ayn Rand]] a copy of [[Noble House]] in 1981 with the following inscription - "This is for Ayn Rand – one of the real, true talents on this earth for which many, many thanks. James C, New York, 2 Sept 81.
+Some of the characters make appearances in multiple books, and many characters from one book are referred to in later books. There are dozens of characters throughout the series, with very complex family relationships and a great deal of history that is hinted at but never described in detail.
+==Later life==
 In 1963, he became a naturalized citizen of the [[United States]].
-He died of a stroke while battling [[cancer]] in Switzerland in 1994, one month before his 70th birthday.
+He died of a stroke while suffering from [[cancer]] in Switzerland in 1994, one month before his 70th birthday.
-==Films==
+==Legacy==
+Clavell was an ardent [[individualist]], anti-fascist and proponent of [[laissez-faire]] [[capitalism]], as many of his books' heroes exemplify.
-*''[[The Fly (1958)|The Fly]]'' (1958) (writer)
+Clavell admired [[Ayn Rand]], founder of the [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|Objectivist]] school of philosophy, and sent Ayn Rand a copy of ''[[Noble House]]'' in 1981 inscribed: "This is for Ayn Rand—one of the real, true talents on this earth for which many, many thanks. James C, New York, 2 Sept 81." Rand's philosophy and fiction emphasize the concepts of [[individualism]] and rational [[egoism]] ("[[Objectivist ethics|rational self-interest]]") within a framework of free trade between actors motivated solely by value enhancement, unfettered by political or religious constraint.
-*''[[Watusi]]'' (1959) (writer)
-*''[[Five Gates to Hell]]'' (1959) (writer & director)
-*''[[Walk Like a Dragon]]'' (1960) (writer & director)
-*''[[The Great Escape]]'' (1963) (co-writer)
-*''[[633 Squadron]]'' (1964) (co-writer)
-*''[[The Satan Bug]]'' (1965) (co-writer)
-*''[[To Sir, with Love]]'' (1966) (writer & director)
-*''[[The Sweet and the Bitter]]'' (1967) (writer &  director)
-*''[[Where's Jack]]'' (1968) (director)
-*''[[The Last Valley]]'' (1970) (writer &  director)
-*''[[Shogun (miniseries)|Shogun]]'' - miniseries (1980)
-*''[[Noble House]]'' - miniseries (1988)
-'''Tai-Pan''' and '''King Rat''' have both been adapted as feature films, however Clavell was not directly involved in their writing.
+Clavell indentified with the Randian [[hero]], a man or woman whose ability and independent creative and responsible action causes conflict with individuals and systems that exploit through appeals for charity ("mooching") and the use of coercion and power ("looting") under the guise of government and religion. Rand viewed this hero as the personification of reason.
-==Novels==
+Following generous sponsorship by his widow, the library and archive of the [[Royal Artillery Museum]] at [[Royal Arsenal]], Woolwich, in London has been renamed the James Clavell library in his honor<ref>[http://www.firepower.org.uk/james_clavell_library.php Royal Artillery Museum] ''firepower.org.uk''. Retrieved November 25, 2008.</ref>.
-'The Asian Saga'
+==Notes==
-*''[[King Rat (1962 novel)|King Rat]]'' (1962): Set in a Japanese POW camp, 1945.
+<references/>
-*''[[Tai-Pan (novel)|Tai-Pan]]'' (1966): Set in [[Hong Kong]], 1841.
-*''[[Shogun (novel)|Shogun]]'' (1975): Set in feudal [[Japan]], 1600.
-*''[[Noble House]]'' (1981): Set in [[Hong Kong]], 1963.
-*''[[Whirlwind (novel)|Whirlwind]]'' (1986): Set in [[Iran]], 1979.
-*''[[Gai-Jin (novel)|Gai-Jin]]'' (1993): Set in [[Japan]], 1862.
-As of 2007, '''Whirlwind''' and '''Gai-Jin''' remain the only Clavell novels yet to be adapted as films or miniseries; although at various times media have reported that such productions are planned, to date nothing has emerged.
+==References==
+* Clavell, James, ''King Rat''. Delacorte Press, 1983. ISBN 978-0385292115
-Similarly, media reports that '''Tai-Pan''' is to be adapted as a miniseries have yet to come to pass. As noted above, '''Tai-Pan''' has already been adapted as a poorly-received motion picture.
+* Clavell, James, ''The Making of James Clavell's Shogun''. Hoddern, 1981. ISBN 978-0340261552
+* Macdonald, Gina, ''James Clavell: a critical companion''. Greenwood Press, 1996. ISBN 9780313294945
-Other books include:
-*''[[The Children's Story]]'' (1980)
-*''[[The Art of War]]'' a translation of [[Sun Tzu]]'s famous book (1983)
-*''[[Thrump-O-Moto]]'' (1986)
-*''[[Escape (novel)|Escape]]'' (1994) - based upon '''Whirlwind'''
 ==External links==
-*{{imdb name|id=0165412|name=James Clavell}}
+All links retrieved March 16, 2018.
-* [http://wiredforbooks.org/jamesclavell/ 1986 audio interview with James Clavell by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio]
+*{{imdb name|id=0165412|name=James Clavell}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Clavell, James}}
-[[Category:Art, music, literature, sports, and leisure]]
-[[Category:History and biography]]
-[[Category:Biography]]
-{{epname}}
+{{credits|James_Clavell|248393461|The_Asian_Saga|248118396}}
-{{credit|113748591}}
+[[category:Art, music, literature, sports and leisure]]
+[[category:Writers and poets]]
+[[category:Literature]]

James Clavell
Born	October 10 1924(1924-10-10) Sydney, Australia
Died	September 7 1994 (aged 69) Switzerland
Occupation	novelist, screenwriter, director
Nationality	British
Writing period	1958–1993