Difference between revisions of "Globe Theatre" - New World Encyclopedia
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
The '''Globe Theatre''' normally refers to one of three [[theater]]s in [[London]] associated with [[William Shakespeare]]. These are: | The '''Globe Theatre''' normally refers to one of three [[theater]]s in [[London]] associated with [[William Shakespeare]]. These are: | ||
| − | # The original Globe Theatre, built in 1599 by the playing company to which Shakespeare belonged | + | # The original Globe Theatre, built in 1599 by the playing company to which Shakespeare belonged and destroyed by fire on June 29, 1613. |
| − | # The Globe Theatre was | + | # The reconstructed Globe Theatre was completed by June 1614 and closed in 1642. |
| − | # A modern reconstruction of the original Globe, | + | # A modern reconstruction of the original Globe, opened in 1997. |
| − | Shakespeare's company erected the famed [[Globe Theatre]], circa 1599, in [[London]]'s [[Bankside]] district | + | Shakespeare's company erected the famed [[Globe Theatre]], circa 1599, in [[London]]'s [[Bankside]] district. The open-air, octagonal [[amphitheater]] was three stories high and had a diameter of approximately 100 feet, with a seating capacity of 3,000 spectators. Plays were performed on a rectangular stage platform that was about 43 feet wide and 27 feet deep. The staging area likely housed hidden trap doors in its flooring and primitive [[rigging]] overhead to create various stage effects. |
| − | In 1613, the | + | In 1613, the Globe burned to the ground when a shot from a cannon during a performance of ''[[Henry VIII]]'' ignited the thatched roof of the [[gallery]]. A new Globe was created by the theater company on the foundations of its predecessor before Shakespeare's death. However, in 1642, after years of continuous operation, the [[Puritan]] government closed all London theaters on moral grounds. The building was demonlished in 1644 to build [[tenement]]s upon the premises. For the next 352 years, the once famous Globe was nothing more than a memory. |
| − | In 1989, the foundations of the Globe Theatre were discovered, reigniting public interest to build a modern version of the famed [[amphitheater]]. Led by the vision of the late Sam Wanamaker, an American [[actor]], [[director]], and [[producer]], workers began construction in 1993 on | + | In 1989, the foundations of the Globe Theatre were discovered, reigniting public interest to build a modern version of the famed [[amphitheater]]. Led by the vision of the late [[Sam Wanamaker]], an American [[actor]], [[director]], and [[producer]], workers began construction in 1993 on a new theater close to the site of the original. Completed in 1996, the current Globe Theater was officially opened by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] on June 12, 1997, with a production of ''[[Henry V]]''. A faithful reproduction of the Elizabethan model of the original Globe, it seats 1,500 people. In its opening 1997 season, the theater attracted 210,000 patrons and still draws capacity crowds as well as many tourists. |
==The original Globe== | ==The original Globe== | ||
| − | The original Globe was an [[Elizabethan theatre]] which opened in Autumn 1599 in [[Southwark]], on the south bank of the [[Thames]], in an area now known as [[Bankside]]. It was one of several major theaters that were located in the area, the others being the [[The Swan (theatre)|Swan]], [[The Rose (theatre)|the Rose]], and The [[Hope Theatre|Hope]]. The Globe was the principal [[playhouse]] of the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]] | + | [[Image:The Old Globe.jpg|thumb|250px|Contemporary engraving of the original Globe Theatre]] |
| + | The original Globe was an [[Elizabethan theatre]] which opened in Autumn 1599 in [[Southwark]], on the south bank of the [[Thames]], in an area now known as [[Bankside]]. It was one of several major theaters that were located in the area, the others being the [[The Swan (theatre)|Swan]], [[The Rose (theatre)|the Rose]], and The [[Hope Theatre|Hope]]. The Globe was the principal [[playhouse]] of the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]], lated called the King's Men, to which Shakespeare belonged. Most of Shakespeare's post-1599 [[play]]s were staged at the Globe, including ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'', ''[[Macbeth]]'', ''[[Othello (play)|Othello]]'', ''[[King Lear (play)|King Lear]]'' and ''[[Hamlet]]''. | ||
| − | + | The Globe was owned collectively by actors, all but one of whome were also shareholders in the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]]. Two of the six Globe shareholders, [[Richard Burbage]] and his brother [[Cuthbert Burbage]], owned double shares of the whole, or 25 percent each; the other four men, Shakespeare, [[John Heminges]], [[Augustine Phillips]], and [[Thomas Pope (sixteenth-century actor)|Thomas Pope]], owned a single share each, or 12.5 percent. These initial proportions changed over time, as new sharers were added. [[Image:Globe Galleries.JPG|thumb|left|200px|The modern reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, in [[London]].]] Shakespeare's share diminished to roughly 7 percent over the course of his career. | |
| − | The Globe was owned by | ||
| − | The Globe was built in 1599 using timber from an earlier theater | + | The Globe was built in 1599 using timber from an earlier theater that had been built by Richard Burbage's father, James, in [[Shoreditch]] in 1576. Called simply [[The Theatre]], the structure was dismantled after a 20-year lease on its land expired, and the lumber was then transported over the [[Thames]] to construct The Globe. |
| − | + | After years of success, The Globe went up in flames on June 29, 1613 during a performance of ''Henry VIII.'' A theatrical cannon, set off during the performance, misfired, igniting the building's thatching and wooden beams. According to one of the few surviving contemporary accounts of the event, no one was hurt except a man who put out his burning breeches with a bottle of ale.<ref>[http://www.william-shakespeare.org.uk/globe-theatre-fire.htm Globe Theatre Fire]. william-shakespeare.org. Retrieved July 30, 2007.</ref> | |
| − | Like all the other theaters in London, the Globe was closed down by the [[Puritan]]s in 1642. It was destroyed in 1644 to make room for [[tenement]]s. Its exact location remained unknown until remnants of its foundations were discovered in 1989 beneath [[Anchor Terrace]] on Park Street. There may be further remains beneath Anchor Terrace, but | + | Like all the other theaters in London, the Globe was closed down by the [[Puritan]]s in 1642. It was destroyed in 1644 to make room for [[tenement]]s. Its exact location remained unknown until remnants of its foundations were discovered in 1989 beneath [[Anchor Terrace]] on Park Street. There may be further remains beneath Anchor Terrace, but this eighteenth-century terrace is itself list as a historical building and currently may not be disturbed by archaeologists.<ref name = Mulryne>{{cite book |last=Mulryne |first=J R |authorlink= |coauthors=Shewring, Margaret |title= Shakespeare’s Globe Rebuilt|year=1997 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=0521599881 }}</ref> |
==Layout of the Globe== | ==Layout of the Globe== | ||
| − | The Globe's shape and size have been | + | The Globe's shape and size have been the subject of scholarly inquiry over the last two centuries. The evidence suggests that it was a three-story, 100-foot-wide, open-air [[amphitheater]] that could house around 3,000 spectators. The Globe is shown as a round building on a contemporary engraving of London. On this basis, some assume the building was [[circle|circular]], while others favor a [[polygon]]al shape. Archaeological evidence suggests the playhouse had 20 sides. |
| − | At the base of the stage, there was an area called the ''pit'', or ''yard'', where, for a penny, | + | At the base of the stage, there was an area called the ''pit'', or ''yard'', where, for a [[penny]], spectators (called "groundlings") would either stand or sit on the ground to watch the performance. Groundlings would eat [[hazelnuts]], oranges, and other snacks during performances, as evidenced by the discover of nutshells and orange peels during the excavations. |
| − | Around the yard were three levels of seating, which were more expensive than standing. The first two were called the Twopenny Rooms | + | Around the yard were three levels of seating, which were more expensive than standing. The first two were called the Twopenny Rooms, and the top level was called the Penny Gallery. |
[[Image:Globetheatrestage.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The stage of the modern Globe Theatre.]] | [[Image:Globetheatrestage.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The stage of the modern Globe Theatre.]] | ||
| − | A rectangular [[thrust stage|stage platform]], also known as an 'apron stage,' thrust out into the middle of the open-air yard. The stage measured about 43 feet in width, 27 feet in depth, and was raised about 5 feet off the ground. On this stage, there was a [[trap door]] for use by performers to enter from the "cellarage" area beneath the stage. There may have been as many as four smaller trap doors around the stage. Often the area beneath the stage is also called " | + | A rectangular [[thrust stage|stage platform]], also known as an 'apron stage,' thrust out into the middle of the open-air yard. The stage measured about 43 feet in width, 27 feet in depth, and was raised about 5 feet off the ground. On this stage, there was a [[trap door]] for use by performers to enter from the "cellarage" area beneath the stage. There may have been as many as four smaller trap doors around the stage. Often the area beneath the stage is also called "Hell," since supernatural beings (such as the ghost in ''Hamlet'') enter and exit the stage from this area. |
| − | Large columns on either side of the stage supported a roof over the rear portion of the stage. | + | Large columns on either side of the stage supported a roof over the rear portion of the stage. This ceiling was called the "heavens," and was possibly painted with images of the sky. A trap door in the heavens enabled performers to "fly," or descend, using some form of rope and harness. |
The back wall of the stage had three doors on the first floor and a balcony on the second. The doors entered into the "tiring house" (backstage area) where the actors dressed and awaited their entrances. The balcony housed the musicians and could also be used for scenes requiring an upper space, such as the balcony scene in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''. In addition, it could be used as the "[[Lord]]'s Room," where higher-paying audience members could be seated – more to be seen than to see the play, since they would have been behind the performers. | The back wall of the stage had three doors on the first floor and a balcony on the second. The doors entered into the "tiring house" (backstage area) where the actors dressed and awaited their entrances. The balcony housed the musicians and could also be used for scenes requiring an upper space, such as the balcony scene in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''. In addition, it could be used as the "[[Lord]]'s Room," where higher-paying audience members could be seated – more to be seen than to see the play, since they would have been behind the performers. | ||
| − | The dimensions of the original Globe:<ref>Orrell, John, The Quest for Shakespeare's Globe.</ref> | + | The dimensions of the original Globe were:<ref>Orrell, John, The Quest for Shakespeare's Globe.</ref> |
| − | * Diameter: 100 ft. | + | * Diameter: 100 ft. |
| − | * Yard: 70 ft. | + | * Yard: 70 ft. |
* Stage: 49 ft., 6 in. across, 27 ft. deep | * Stage: 49 ft., 6 in. across, 27 ft. deep | ||
* Stage height: 5 ft. | * Stage height: 5 ft. | ||
| − | * Gallery Depth: 15 ft., 6 in. | + | * Gallery Depth: 15 ft., 6 in. |
* Overall height: 36 ft., 6 in. | * Overall height: 36 ft., 6 in. | ||
| − | * | + | * Heights from floor to floor: 15 ft., 6 in.; 11 ft., 3 in.; and 9 ft., 9 in. to the plates. |
* Balcony floor: 18 ft., 6 in. above the yard; 13 ft., 6 in. above stage | * Balcony floor: 18 ft., 6 in. above the yard; 13 ft., 6 in. above stage | ||
* Front Scenae doors: 11 ft. tall | * Front Scenae doors: 11 ft. tall | ||
| − | * Heavens ceiling height: 26 ft., 9 in. | + | * Heavens ceiling height: 26 ft., 9 in. |
==The modern Globe== | ==The modern Globe== | ||
At the instigation of American actor, director, and producer, [[Sam Wanamaker]], a new Globe theatre was built according to an [[Elizabethan]] plan. The design team comprised [[Theo Crosby]] of [[Pentagram (design studio)|Pentagram]] as the architect, [[Buro Happold]] as structural and services engineers, and Boyden & Co as quantity surveyors. It opened in 1997 under the name "Shakespeare's Globe Theatre." [[Mark Rylance]] was appointed as the first [[artistic director]] of the modern Globe in 1995. In 2006, [[Dominic Dromgoole]] took over. | At the instigation of American actor, director, and producer, [[Sam Wanamaker]], a new Globe theatre was built according to an [[Elizabethan]] plan. The design team comprised [[Theo Crosby]] of [[Pentagram (design studio)|Pentagram]] as the architect, [[Buro Happold]] as structural and services engineers, and Boyden & Co as quantity surveyors. It opened in 1997 under the name "Shakespeare's Globe Theatre." [[Mark Rylance]] was appointed as the first [[artistic director]] of the modern Globe in 1995. In 2006, [[Dominic Dromgoole]] took over. | ||
| − | The reconstruction was carefully researched, so that the new building would be as faithful a replica as possible. This was aided by the discovery of the original Globe site itself, as final plans were being made. Modernizations include the addition of [[sprinkler]]s on the roof to protect against fire, and the fact that the theater is partly joined onto a modern lobby, visitors center, and additional backstage, support areas. Due to modern Health and Safety regulations, 1,300 people can be housed during a show, under half the estimated 3,000 of Shakespeare's time. | + | The reconstruction was carefully researched, so that the new building would be as faithful a replica as possible. This was aided by the discovery of the original Globe site itself, as final plans were being made. Modernizations include the addition of [[sprinkler]]s on the roof to protect against fire, and the fact that the theater is partly joined onto a modern lobby, visitors center, and additional backstage, support areas. Due to modern Health and Safety regulations, only 1,300 people can be housed during a show, under half the estimated 3,000 of Shakespeare's time. |
| − | The new theater is 200 [[yard]]s from the original site | + | The new theater is 200 [[yard]]s from the original site and was the first [[thatched roof]] building permitted in London since the [[Great Fire of London]] in 1666. |
| − | As in the original Globe, the theater is open to the sky and has a thrust stage that projects into a large circular yard, surrounded by three tiers of steeply raked seating. | + | As in the original Globe, the theater is open to the sky and has a thrust stage that projects into a large circular yard, surrounded by three tiers of steeply raked seating. Tickets to stand in the yard—no sitting allowed—are available for every performance at five British pounds each. The only covered parts of the amphitheater are the stage and the more expensive seated areas. Plays are normally performed between May and the first week of October. In the winter, the theater is used for educational purposes. Tours are available all year round. |
| − | === | + | ===Other replicas=== |
[[Image:Schwaebisch hall 03.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Globe-Theater, Schwäbisch Hall, Baden, Germany]] | [[Image:Schwaebisch hall 03.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Globe-Theater, Schwäbisch Hall, Baden, Germany]] | ||
| − | A number of replicas of the Globe Theatre have been built around the world: | + | A number of other replicas of the Globe Theatre have been built around the world: |
*U.S.A. | *U.S.A. | ||
**[[OSF Elizabethan Theatre]], [[Ashland, Oregon]], built in 1935, rebuilt 1947 and 1959 | **[[OSF Elizabethan Theatre]], [[Ashland, Oregon]], built in 1935, rebuilt 1947 and 1959 | ||
Revision as of 15:56, 30 July 2007
| Globe Theatre | |
 | |
| Building | |
|---|---|
| Type | Theatre |
| Architectural Style | Replica Elizabethan |
| Structural System | Wood |
| Location | London, England |
| Construction | |
| Completed | 1997 |
| Main Contractor | McCurdy & Co. Ltd. |
| Design Team | |
| Architect | Pentagram |
| Structural engineer | Buro Happold |
| Services engineer | Buro Happold |
| Other designers | McCurdy & Co. Ltd. (timber consultant) |
| Quantity Surveyor | Boyden & Co |
The Globe Theatre normally refers to one of three theaters in London associated with William Shakespeare. These are:
- The original Globe Theatre, built in 1599 by the playing company to which Shakespeare belonged and destroyed by fire on June 29, 1613.
- The reconstructed Globe Theatre was completed by June 1614 and closed in 1642.
- A modern reconstruction of the original Globe, opened in 1997.
Shakespeare's company erected the famed Globe Theatre, circa 1599, in London's Bankside district. The open-air, octagonal amphitheater was three stories high and had a diameter of approximately 100 feet, with a seating capacity of 3,000 spectators. Plays were performed on a rectangular stage platform that was about 43 feet wide and 27 feet deep. The staging area likely housed hidden trap doors in its flooring and primitive rigging overhead to create various stage effects.
In 1613, the Globe burned to the ground when a shot from a cannon during a performance of Henry VIII ignited the thatched roof of the gallery. A new Globe was created by the theater company on the foundations of its predecessor before Shakespeare's death. However, in 1642, after years of continuous operation, the Puritan government closed all London theaters on moral grounds. The building was demonlished in 1644 to build tenements upon the premises. For the next 352 years, the once famous Globe was nothing more than a memory.
In 1989, the foundations of the Globe Theatre were discovered, reigniting public interest to build a modern version of the famed amphitheater. Led by the vision of the late Sam Wanamaker, an American actor, director, and producer, workers began construction in 1993 on a new theater close to the site of the original. Completed in 1996, the current Globe Theater was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on June 12, 1997, with a production of Henry V. A faithful reproduction of the Elizabethan model of the original Globe, it seats 1,500 people. In its opening 1997 season, the theater attracted 210,000 patrons and still draws capacity crowds as well as many tourists.
The original Globe
The original Globe was an Elizabethan theatre which opened in Autumn 1599 in Southwark, on the south bank of the Thames, in an area now known as Bankside. It was one of several major theaters that were located in the area, the others being the Swan, the Rose, and The Hope. The Globe was the principal playhouse of the Lord Chamberlain's Men, lated called the King's Men, to which Shakespeare belonged. Most of Shakespeare's post-1599 plays were staged at the Globe, including Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Othello, King Lear and Hamlet.
The Globe was owned collectively by actors, all but one of whome were also shareholders in the Lord Chamberlain's Men. Two of the six Globe shareholders, Richard Burbage and his brother Cuthbert Burbage, owned double shares of the whole, or 25 percent each; the other four men, Shakespeare, John Heminges, Augustine Phillips, and Thomas Pope, owned a single share each, or 12.5 percent. These initial proportions changed over time, as new sharers were added.
Shakespeare's share diminished to roughly 7 percent over the course of his career.
The Globe was built in 1599 using timber from an earlier theater that had been built by Richard Burbage's father, James, in Shoreditch in 1576. Called simply The Theatre, the structure was dismantled after a 20-year lease on its land expired, and the lumber was then transported over the Thames to construct The Globe.
After years of success, The Globe went up in flames on June 29, 1613 during a performance of Henry VIII. A theatrical cannon, set off during the performance, misfired, igniting the building's thatching and wooden beams. According to one of the few surviving contemporary accounts of the event, no one was hurt except a man who put out his burning breeches with a bottle of ale.[1]
Like all the other theaters in London, the Globe was closed down by the Puritans in 1642. It was destroyed in 1644 to make room for tenements. Its exact location remained unknown until remnants of its foundations were discovered in 1989 beneath Anchor Terrace on Park Street. There may be further remains beneath Anchor Terrace, but this eighteenth-century terrace is itself list as a historical building and currently may not be disturbed by archaeologists.[2]
Layout of the Globe
The Globe's shape and size have been the subject of scholarly inquiry over the last two centuries. The evidence suggests that it was a three-story, 100-foot-wide, open-air amphitheater that could house around 3,000 spectators. The Globe is shown as a round building on a contemporary engraving of London. On this basis, some assume the building was circular, while others favor a polygonal shape. Archaeological evidence suggests the playhouse had 20 sides.
At the base of the stage, there was an area called the pit, or yard, where, for a penny, spectators (called "groundlings") would either stand or sit on the ground to watch the performance. Groundlings would eat hazelnuts, oranges, and other snacks during performances, as evidenced by the discover of nutshells and orange peels during the excavations.
Around the yard were three levels of seating, which were more expensive than standing. The first two were called the Twopenny Rooms, and the top level was called the Penny Gallery.
A rectangular stage platform, also known as an 'apron stage,' thrust out into the middle of the open-air yard. The stage measured about 43 feet in width, 27 feet in depth, and was raised about 5 feet off the ground. On this stage, there was a trap door for use by performers to enter from the "cellarage" area beneath the stage. There may have been as many as four smaller trap doors around the stage. Often the area beneath the stage is also called "Hell," since supernatural beings (such as the ghost in Hamlet) enter and exit the stage from this area.
Large columns on either side of the stage supported a roof over the rear portion of the stage. This ceiling was called the "heavens," and was possibly painted with images of the sky. A trap door in the heavens enabled performers to "fly," or descend, using some form of rope and harness.
The back wall of the stage had three doors on the first floor and a balcony on the second. The doors entered into the "tiring house" (backstage area) where the actors dressed and awaited their entrances. The balcony housed the musicians and could also be used for scenes requiring an upper space, such as the balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet. In addition, it could be used as the "Lord's Room," where higher-paying audience members could be seated – more to be seen than to see the play, since they would have been behind the performers.
The dimensions of the original Globe were:[3]
- Diameter: 100 ft.
- Yard: 70 ft.
- Stage: 49 ft., 6 in. across, 27 ft. deep
- Stage height: 5 ft.
- Gallery Depth: 15 ft., 6 in.
- Overall height: 36 ft., 6 in.
- Heights from floor to floor: 15 ft., 6 in.; 11 ft., 3 in.; and 9 ft., 9 in. to the plates.
- Balcony floor: 18 ft., 6 in. above the yard; 13 ft., 6 in. above stage
- Front Scenae doors: 11 ft. tall
- Heavens ceiling height: 26 ft., 9 in.
The modern Globe
At the instigation of American actor, director, and producer, Sam Wanamaker, a new Globe theatre was built according to an Elizabethan plan. The design team comprised Theo Crosby of Pentagram as the architect, Buro Happold as structural and services engineers, and Boyden & Co as quantity surveyors. It opened in 1997 under the name "Shakespeare's Globe Theatre." Mark Rylance was appointed as the first artistic director of the modern Globe in 1995. In 2006, Dominic Dromgoole took over.
The reconstruction was carefully researched, so that the new building would be as faithful a replica as possible. This was aided by the discovery of the original Globe site itself, as final plans were being made. Modernizations include the addition of sprinklers on the roof to protect against fire, and the fact that the theater is partly joined onto a modern lobby, visitors center, and additional backstage, support areas. Due to modern Health and Safety regulations, only 1,300 people can be housed during a show, under half the estimated 3,000 of Shakespeare's time.
The new theater is 200 yards from the original site and was the first thatched roof building permitted in London since the Great Fire of London in 1666.
As in the original Globe, the theater is open to the sky and has a thrust stage that projects into a large circular yard, surrounded by three tiers of steeply raked seating. Tickets to stand in the yard—no sitting allowed—are available for every performance at five British pounds each. The only covered parts of the amphitheater are the stage and the more expensive seated areas. Plays are normally performed between May and the first week of October. In the winter, the theater is used for educational purposes. Tours are available all year round.
Other replicas
A number of other replicas of the Globe Theatre have been built around the world:
- U.S.A.
- OSF Elizabethan Theatre, Ashland, Oregon, built in 1935, rebuilt 1947 and 1959
- San Diego, Old Globe Theatre, built in 1935.
- Cedar City, Utah, Adams Shakespearean Theatre
- Chicago, Illinois, Chicago Shakespeare Theatre on Navy Pier, built 1999
- Dallas, Texas, Old Globe Theatre, built 1936
- Odessa, Texas, The Globe Theatre Of The Great Southwest
- Williamsburg, Virginia, Globe Theatre, built 1975 in the Banbury Cross section of Busch Gardens Europe
- Germany
- Neuss am Rhein, Globe Neuss, built 1991
- Rust, Baden, Germany (in German), Europa-Park (in German), built 2000
- Italy
- Rome, built 2003
- Japan
- Tokyo, Isozakia Arata's Panasonic Globe Theatre, built 1988
Notes
- ↑ Globe Theatre Fire. william-shakespeare.org. Retrieved July 30, 2007.
- ↑ Mulryne, J R and Shewring, Margaret (1997). Shakespeare’s Globe Rebuilt. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521599881.
- ↑ Orrell, John, The Quest for Shakespeare's Globe.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Nagler, A.M. Shakespeare's Stage, Yale University Press, 1958. ISBN 0300026897
- Schoenbaum, Samuel. Shakespeare's Lives, Clarendon Press, 1991. ISBN 0198186185
- Day, Barry. This Wooden 'O': Shakespeare's Globe Reborn, Oberon Books, 1997. ISBN 1-870259-99-8
- Rylance, Mark. Play: A Recollection in Pictures and Words of the First Five Years of Play at Shakespeares's Globe Theatre, Shakespeare's Globe Publications, 2003. ISBN 0-9536480-4-4
External links
- Globe Theatre Study Guide
- Shakespeare's Globe Theatre website
- Entertainment at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre
- 3D Model of Globe Theatre done by Wesleyan University's Learning Objects Studio
Credits
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.
