Eva Braun

Eva Braun
200px Eva Braun and Adolf Hitler (right) on the veranda of the Berghof.
Born	Eva Anna Paula Braun February 6, 1912 Munich, Germany
Died	April 30, 1945 (aged 33) Berlin, Germany
Cause of death	Suicide
Other names	Eva Hitler
Spouse(s)	Adolf Hitler

Eva Anna Paula Braun, died Eva Hitler (February 6, 1912 – April 30, 1945) was the longtime companion of Adolf Hitler and briefly his wife.

Background

Born in Munich, Germany, Eva Braun was the second daughter of school teacher Friedrich "Fritz" Braun and Franziska "Fanny" Kronberger, who both came from respectable Bavarian families. Her elder sister Ilse was born in 1909 and her younger sister Margarete (called "Gretl") was born in 1915. Braun was educated at a lyceum, then for one year at a business school in a convent where she had average grades, a talent for athletics and is said to have had the "dreamy beauty of a farmer's daughter." She worked for several months as a receptionist at a medical office, then at age 17 took a job as an office and lab assistant and photographer's model for Heinrich Hoffmann, the official photographer for the Nazi Party. She met Hitler, 23 years her senior, at Hoffmann's studio in 1929. He had been introduced to her as "Herr Wolff" (a childhood nickname he used during the 1920s for security purposes). She described him to friends as a "gentleman of a certain age with a funny moustache, a light-coloured English overcoat, and carrying a big felt hat." He appreciated her eye color which was said to be close to his mother's. Both of their families were strongly against the relationship and little is known about its first two years. Her father had both political and moral objections, while Hitler's half-sister, Angela Raubal, refused to address Braun other than as a social inferior.

Relationship and turmoil

Hitler saw more of Braun after the alleged suicide of Angela's daughter and Hitler's alleged mistress Geli Raubal in 1931. Some historians suggest Raubal killed herself because she was distraught over Hitler's relationship with Braun, while others speculate Hitler killed her or had her murdered. Braun was unaware that Raubal was a rival for Hitler's affections until after Raubal committed suicide. Braun was seen by some as a replacement for Raubal.

Meanwhile, Hitler was seeing other women, such as actress Renate Müller, whose early death was also termed a suicide. Braun first attempted suicide in 1932, at the age of 20, by shooting herself in the neck and attempted suicide a second time in 1935 by taking an overdose of sleeping pills. After Braun's recovery Hitler became more committed to her and arranged for the substantial royalties from widely published and popular photographs of him taken by Hoffman's photo studio to pay for a villa in Wasserburgerstrasse, a Munich suburb. This income also provided her with a Mercedes, a chauffeur and a maid. Braun's sister Gretl moved in with her. Hoffman asserted that Braun became a fixture in Hitler's life by first attempting to commit suicide less than a year after Geli Raubal's own suicide (and accompanying rumors of murder); Hitler wished to avoid any further scandal. Hoffmann said, "It was in this way that Eva Braun got her way and became Hitler's chere amie'."

When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, Braun sat on the stage in the area reserved for VIPs as a secretary, to which Hitler's sister Angela strongly objected, along with the wives of other ministers. Angela, a housekeeper for Hitler, was banned from living anywhere near Braun as a result. By 1936, Braun was at Hitler's household at the Berghof near Berchtesgaden whenever he was in residence there and her parents were also invited for dinner several times. Braun's political influence on Hitler was apparently minimal. She was never allowed to stay in the room when business or political conversations took place. However, some historians have inferred she was aware of at least some sordid details concerning the Third Reich's inner workings. By all accounts she led a sheltered and privileged existence and seemed uninterested in politics.

Hitler and Eva never appeared as a couple in public and there is some indication that this, along with their not having married early in their relationship, was due to Hitler's fear that he would lose popularity among female supporters. The German people were entirely unaware of Eva Braun and her relationship with Hitler until after the war. According to the memoirs of Albert Speer, Braun never slept in the same room as Hitler and had her own bedrooms at the Berghof, in Hitler's Berlin residence and in the Berlin bunker. Speer wrote:

Eva Braun was allowed to be present during visits from old party associates. She was banished as soon as other dignitaries of the Reich, such as cabinet ministers, appeared at the table ... Hitler obviously regarded her as socially acceptable only within strict limits. Sometimes I kept her company in her exile, a room next to Hitler's bedroom. She was so intimidated that she did not dare leave the house for a walk. Out of sympathy for her predicament I soon began to feel a liking for this unhappy woman, who was so deeply attached to Hitler.

Lifestyle

Even during World War II Braun apparently lived a life of leisure, spending her time exercising, reading romance novels, watching films and early German television (at least until around 1943) along with later helping to host gatherings of Hitler's inner circle. Unlike most other Germans she was reportedly free to read European and American magazines and watch foreign films. Her affection for nude sunbathing (and being photographed at it) is known to have infuriated Hitler. She reportedly accepted gifts which were stolen property belonging to deposed European royal families. Braun had a lifelong interest in photography and their closest friends called her the Rolleiflex Girl (after the well-known camera model). She did her own darkroom processing and most of the extant colour stills and movies of Hitler are her work.

Otto Günsche and Heinz Linge, during extensive debriefings by Soviet intelligence officials after the war, said Braun was at the center of Hitler's life for most of his twelve years in power. It was said that in 1936,

He was always accompanied by her. As soon as he heard the voice of his lover he became jollier. He would make jokes about her new hats. He would take her for hours on end into his study where there would be champagne cooling in ice, chocolates, cognac, and fruit.

The interrogation report adds that when Hitler was too busy for her, "Eva would often be in tears."

Linge said that before the war, Hitler ordered an increase of the police guard at Braun's house in Munich after she reported to the Gestapo that a woman had said to her face she was the "Führer-whore."

Hitler is known to have been opposed to women wearing cosmetics (in part because they were made from animal by-products) and sometimes brought the subject up at mealtime. Linge (who was his valet) said Hitler once laughed at traces of Braun's lipstick on a napkin and to tease her, joked, "Soon we will have replacement lipstick made from dead bodies of soldiers."

In 1944, Eva invited her cousin Gertraud Weisker to visit her at the Berghof near Berchtesgaden. Decades later, Weisker recalled that although women in the Third Reich were expected not to wear make-up, drink, or smoke, Eva did all of these things. "She was the unhappiest woman I have ever met," said Weisker, who informed Braun about how poorly the war was going for Germany, having illegally listened to BBC news broadcasts in German. Weisker also claimed neither of them knew anything about the concentration camps, although both were keenly aware that Jews in Germany were severely persecuted.

On June 3, 1944, Eva Braun's sister Gretl married a member of Hitler's entourage, Hermann Fegelein, who served as Heinrich Himmler's liaison. Hitler used the marriage as an excuse to allow Eva to appear at official functions. When Fegelein was caught in the closing days of the war trying to escape to Sweden with another woman, Hitler personally ordered his execution (Gretl was eight months pregnant with a daughter at this time and after the war, named the child Eva Fegelein in remembrance of her beloved sister).

Marriage and suicide

In early April 1945 Braun traveled by car from Munich to Berlin to be with Hitler at the Führerbunker. Eva refused to leave as the Red Army closed in, insisting she was one of the few people loyal to him left in the world. Hitler and Braun were married on April 29, 1945 during a brief civil ceremony which was witnessed by Joseph Goebbels and Martin Bormann. The bride wore a black (some accounts say dark blue) silk dress.

With Braun's marriage her legal name changed to "Eva Hitler." When Eva signed her marriage certificate she wrote the letter B for her family name, then lined this out and replaced it with "Hitler." Although bunker personnel were instructed to call her "Frau Hitler" her new husband continued to call his wife "Fräulein Braun."

There was gossip among the Führerbunker staff that Eva was carrying Hitler's child but there is no evidence she was ever pregnant (or that the couple ever wanter or tried to concieve).

Braun and Hitler committed suicide together on April 30, 1945 at around 3:30 p.m. The occupants of the bunker heard a gunshot and the bodies were soon discovered. She had bit onto a cyanide capsule (most historians have concluded Hitler used a combination method, shooting himself in the right temple immediately after biting into a cyanide capsule). Braun was 33 years old when she died. Their corpses were burned in the Reich Chancellery garden just outside the bunker's emergency exit.

The charred remains were found by the Russians and secretly buried at the SMERSH compound in Magdeburg, East Germany along with the bodies of Joseph and Magda Goebbels and their six children. All of these remains were exhumed in April 1970, completely cremated and dispersed in the Elbe river.

The rest of Braun's family survived the war, including her father, who worked in a hospital and to whom Braun sent several trunks of her belongings in April 1945. Her mother, Franziska, died aged 96 in January 1976, having lived out her days in an old farmhouse in Ruhpolding, Bavaria.

Legacy

Eva Braun was a woman who was dedicated to her lover, body and soul. She waited for Hitler and endured heartbreaking seperations from her lover with frequency. Braun lived a melancholy life as she longed to be closer to her often distant and cold lover. Still she could not bring herself to leave him. She would stick by Hitler to the very end. This would ultimately cost her her young life. Eva was said to have had little interest in the war. She is rumored to have been oblivious to many actions carried out by Hitler.

See also

• Death of Adolf Hitler

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• BBC News. Hitler's Final Witness. Eva Hitler Retrieved October 30, 2007.
• Bullock, Alan. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York: Harper Collins, 1991. ISBN 0060920203 Hitler: A Study in Tyranny Retrieved August 14, 2007.
• History Learning Site. The Death of Adolph Hitler. The Death of Adolph Hitler Retrieved October 30, 2007.
• Knopp, Guido. Hitler's Women. Translated by Angus McGeoch. London, Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415947308 Hitler's Women. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
• Lambert, Angela. The Lost Life Of Eva Braun. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2007.
• Speer, Albert. Inside the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
• Stuff You Can Use. Stalin's Secret Files On Hitler. Stalin's Secret Files On Hitler Retrieved October 30, 2007.
• Waite, Robert George Leeson. The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 1993. ISBN 0306805146 The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler Retrieved August 14, 2007.

Further Reading

• Alexander, Alex. In de ban van Hitler: Maria Reiter, Geli Raubal, Unity Mitford, Eva Braun. Rijswijk: Elmar, 2005.
• Gun, Nerin E. Eva Braun: Hitler's Mistress. New York: Bantam, 1969.

External links

• A collection of rare home movie footage of Braun, via Youtube Retrieved October 30, 2007.
• Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun, color documentary Retrieved October 30, 2007.
• Eva Braun: The One Who Loved Him Retrieved October 30, 2007.
• Eva Braun at the Jewish Virtual Library Retrieved October 30, 2007.
• Eva Braun and Hitler Retrieved October 30, 2007.

Credits

New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:

• Eva Braun  ^history

The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:

• History of "Eva Braun"

Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.