Rhodes Scholarship

Rhodes House in Oxford, designed by Sir Herbert Baker.

The Rhodes Scholarship is the world's oldest and arguably most prestigious international fellowship. The scholarships were initiated after the death of Cecil John Rhodes and have been awarded to applicants annually since 1902 by the Rhodes Trust in Oxford on the basis of academic qualities, as well as those of character. They provide the successful candidate with two years of study at the University of Oxford in England, possibly extended for a third year.

When Rhodes died in 1902, his will stipulated that the greater part of his fortune was to go toward the establishment of a scholarship fund to reward applicants who exhibited worthy qualities of intellect, character, and physical ability.

Standards

Rhodes' legacy specified four standards by which applicants were to be judged:

• literary and scholastic attainments;
• energy to use one's talents to the full, as exemplified by fondness for and success in sports;
• truth, courage, devotion to duty, sympathy for and protection of the weak, kindliness, unselfishness and fellowship;
• moral force of character and instincts to lead, and to take an interest in one's fellow beings.

This legacy originally provided for scholarships for the British colonies, the United States, and Germany. These three were chosen so that "an understanding between the three great powers will render war impossible."

Rhodes, who attended Oxford University, chose his alma mater as the site of his great experiment because he believed its residential colleges provided the ideal environment for intellectual contemplation and personal development.

Rhodes' original aim with the Scholarship, and subsequent changes

There has been some controversy over the original aim of the scholarships, as Rhodes held what many today believe to be racist opinions about the superiority of the Anglo race, and his intention was to use the scholarships to educate future foreign leaders in Britain so that they could help spread British influence when they returned to their home countries.

An early change was the elimination of the scholarships for Germany during World Wars I and II. No German scholars were chosen from 1914 to 1932, nor from 1939 to 1970.

Rhodes' bequest was whittled down considerably in the first decades after his death, as various scholarship trustees were forced to pay taxes upon their own deaths. A change occurred in 1929, when an Act of Parliament established a fund separate from the original proceeds of Rhodes's will. This made it possible to expand the number of scholarships. For example, between 1993 and 1995, scholarships were extended to other countries in the European Community.

Because the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 in the United Kingdom did not affect wills, it took another Act of Parliament to change the Rhodes' will to extend selection criteria in 1977 to include women.

For at least its first 75 years, scholars usually read for a Bachelor of Arts degree. While that remains an option, more recent scholars usually read for an advanced degree.

Criticism of the Scholarships

On February 27, 2007, two American Rhodes Scholars wrote an opinion piece in The Harvard Crimson expressing significant dissatisfaction with their experience as Rhodes Scholars, and directing a number of criticisms at Oxford University. The Scholars, Melissa Dell and Swati Mylavarapu, are both 2005 graduates of Harvard University. Their assertions touched off a controversy in the Oxford community, with many fellow Scholars emphatically rejecting their remarks.

Allocations

Approximately 90 Scholars are selected worldwide each year. From 2006, 11 scholarships will be suspended for a period of 5 years, and the scholarship for Hong Kong abolished, following its withdrawal from the Commonwealth since the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China in July 1997.

Country	2006 allocation	1903 allocation
USA	32	32
Canada	11	2
South Africa (originally Southern Africa)	10	5
Australia	9	6
India	5	-
Germany	2	5
New Zealand	3	1
Caribbean Commonwealth	1	-
Kenya	2	-
Pakistan	1	-
Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia)	2	3
Newfoundland	1	1
Bermuda	1	1
Jamaica	1	1
Zambia	1	-

Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients

See also: Rhodes scholars category

Before 1920

• Marius Barbeau (Laval & Oriel 1910), anthropologist and folklorist
• John Clifford Valentine Behan (University 1904), academic
• John J. Tigert (Tennessee & Pembroke 1904), U.S. Commissioner of Education, 1921-1928
• Alain L. Locke (Pennsylvania & Hertford 1907), philosopher and Harlem Renaissance patron
• Earnest A. Hooten (Wisconsin 1907), American physical anthropologist
• Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff (Germany & Trinity 1909), German diplomat, executed for conspiracy against Hitler, 1945
• J. H. Hofmeyr (South African College Schools & Balliol 1910), South African liberal politician
• Ralph V. L. Hartley (Utah & St John's 1910), telephone oscillator inventor
• Edwin P. Hubble (Illinois & Queen's 1910), American astronomer
• Elmer Davis (Indiana 1910), American newsman, Director of the U.S. Office of War Information during World War II
• John Crowe Ransom (Tennessee & Christ Church 1910), poet
• P. Brand Blanshard (Michigan & Merton 1913), philosopher
• Charles R. Clason (Bates College & Christ Church 1914), U.S. Congressman (Massachusetts), 1937-1949
• Norman W. Manley MM QC (Jamaica & Jesus 1914), Chief Minister of Jamaica, 1955-1959, Premier of Jamaica, 1959-1962
• Wilder G. Penfield CC (New Jersey & Merton 1914), Canadian neurosurgeon
• John Monk Saunders (Washington & Magdalen 1918), screenwriter of Wings and The Dawn Patrol
• Roland Michener PC CC (Alberta & Hertford 1919), Governor General of Canada, 1967-1974
• Herbert Eugene Clefton (Minnesota 1919), Teacher in Minneapolis, then a Professor at University of Minnesota
• Arthur Stanley Roe (Brisbane), First Rhodes Scholar from Australia
• Neal Macrossan (1907, Magdelen B.A., 1910, M.A., 1914), Chief Justice of Queensland 1946-1955
• Frank Aydelotte (Brasenose College), President of Swarthmore College (1921-1940)

1920s

• Robert P. T. Coffin, writer, poet & professor
• John Marshall Harlan II (New Jersey & Balliol 1920), Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1955-1971
• Lord (Howard) Florey of Adelaide and Marston (Adelaide & Magdalen 1921), Australian pharmacologist, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1945 (for penicillin)
• Sir Keith Hancock (Australia & Magdalen 1921), Australian historian
• William E. Stevenson (1922), American Olympic gold medalist in 1924, President of Oberlin College (1946-1961), U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines (1961-1965)
• Sir John C. Eccles (Victoria & Magdalen 1925), Australian scientist, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1963
• J. William Fulbright (Arkansas & Pembroke 1925), U.S. Senator for Arkansas (1945-1974), originator of the Fulbright Fellowship program
• Robert J. van de Graaff (Alabama & Queen's 1925), inventor of the eponymous Van de Graaff generator
• Hervey M. Cleckley, (Georgia), psychiatrist, pioneer in the field of psychopathy, co-author of The Three Faces of Eve
• Robert Penn Warren (Kentucky & New College 1928), American poet and critic
• Cleanth Brooks (Louisiana & Exeter 1929), American literary critic
• George F. G. Stanley CC (Alberta & Keble 1929), Canadian historian, designer of Canadian flag, Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick
• Holbrook Mann MacNeille (New Jersey & Balliol 1930) Scientific Director Office of Scientific Research and Development

1930s

• Charles Herbert Little (Brasenose 1930), Director of Canadian Naval Intelligence during World War II
• E. F. Schumacher (Germany & New College 1930), German social theorist
• Carl B. Albert (Oklahoma & St Peter's 1931), Speaker of U.S. House of Representatives (1971-1977), U.S. Congressman (Oklahoma), 1947-1977
• John Edward "Jack" Lovelock (Dunedin & Exeter 1931), 1500 metre Olympic Gold medallist in 1936 Berlin Olympics
• Dean Rusk (North Carolina & St John's 1931), U.S. Secretary of State, 1961-1969
• Adam von Trott zu Solz (Germany & Balliol 1931), German diplomat and anti-Nazi patriot, executed in 1944
• W.L. Morton (Manitoba & St. John's 1932) Canadian historian
• Ivan A. Getting (Massachusetts & Merton 1933), American weapons scientist and co-inventor of GPS technology
• Daniel J. Boorstin (Oklahoma & Balliol 1934), U.S. Librarian of Congress, 1975-1987
• Max Gluckman (Transvaal & Exeter 1934), South African-British-Israeli social anthropologist
• Sir John M. Templeton (Connecticut & Balliol 1934), businessman and founder of Templeton College, Oxford
• George C. McGhee (Oklahoma & Queen's 1934), U.S. Ambassador to Turkey (1952-1953) and to Germany (1963-1968)
• W. R. Jackett (Saskatchewan & Queen's 1934), Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Canada
• Sir Arnold C. Smith (Ontario & Christ Church 1935), first Secretary-General of the Commonwealth
• Walter H. Stockmayer (Jesus 1935), American polymer chemist
• Dan Davin (New Zealand & Balliol 1936), New Zealand novelist and head of Oxford University Press
• Philip Mayer Kaiser (Wisconsin & Balliol 1936), U.S. Ambassador to Mauritania (1961-1964), Hungary (1977-1980), and Austria (1980-1981), U.S. Assistant Secretary of Labor for International Affairs (1949-1953), Special Assistant to Governor Averell Harriman (1955-1959)
• John B. Oakes (New York & Queens 1936), New York "Times" editor of the editorial page, 1961-1976
• Gordon A. Craig (New Jersey & Balliol 1936), American historian and OSS veteran
• Sir Richard Edmonds Luyt (Cape Town & Trinity 1937), soldier, statesman and principal and vice-chancellor of the University of Cape Town
• Howard K. Smith (Louisiana & Merton 1937), broadcast journalist
• W. Denham Sutcliffe (Hertford 1937), English scholar at Bates College, Kenyon, and Harvard.
• Courtney Craig Smith (Iowa & Merton 1938), educationalist, President of Swarthmore College
• David Lewis (McGill), leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada
• Byron R. White (Colorado & Hertford 1938), football player, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1962-1993
• Dominic Mintoff (Malta & Hertford 1939), Prime Minister of Malta, 1955-1957 & 1971-1984

1940s

• Sir Zelman Cowen KBE PC AC (Victoria & New College 1941), Australian jurist and academic, Governor General of Australia, 1977–1982
• Alastair Gillespie OC (McGill, 1947), Canadian cabinet minister
• Paul J. Bohannan (Arizona & Queen's 1947), American social anthropologist
• Nicholas de B. Katzenbach (New Jersey & Balliol 1947), U.S. Attorney General, 1965-1966, U.S. Under-Secretary of State, 1966-1969
• Bernard W. Rogers (Kansas & University 1947), American general, Supreme Allied Commander, NATO
• Stansfield Turner (Illinois & Exeter 1947), American admiral, Director of Central Intelligence, 1977-1981
• James M. Hester (California & Pembroke 1947), First Rector of the United Nations University, President of New York University
• Eric Prabhakar (India & Christ Church 1948), Indian Olympic athlete
• Guy M. Davenport (North Carolina & Merton 1948), American writer and man of letters
• R. W. Burchfield (New Zealand & Magdalen 1949), New Zealand lexicographer, editor of the Oxford English Dictionary
• John N. Turner PC CC QC (British Columbia & Magdalen 1949), Liberal Party of Canada leader and Prime Minister of Canada, 1984

1950s

• James H. Billington (New Jersey & Balliol 1950), U.S. Librarian of Congress, 1987-
• John Brademas (Indiana & Brasenose 1950), American politician, President of New York University, 1981-1992, U.S. Congressman (Indiana), 1959-1981
• Tanjore R. Anantharaman (India & Trinity 1951), Indian metallurgist
• Richard N. Gardner (New York & Balliol 1951), U.S. Ambassador to Italy (1977-1981) and to Spain (1993-1997)
• Stuart Hall (Jamaica & Merton 1951), British cultural theorist
• Thomas A. Bartlett (Oregon & University 1951), President of the American University in Cairo, 1963-1969, Interim President of AUC, 2002-2003; Chancellor of the University of Alabama System, 1981-1989; Chancellor of the State University of New York, 1994-1996
• John R. Searle (Wisconsin & Christ Church 1952), American philosopher
• James A. Gobbo CVO AC QC (Victoria & Magdalen 1952), Australian Supreme Court Judge and Governor of Victoria
• Elliott H. Levitas (Georgia & University 1952), U.S. Congressman (Georgia), 1975-1985
• Guido Calabresi (Connecticut & Magdalen 1953), American legal academic, Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit, Professor and Dean at Yale Law School
• Ronald M. Dworkin (Rhode Island & Magdalen 1953), American legal philosopher
• Edward de Bono (Malta & Christ Church 1953), Maltese writer
• Julian Ogilvie Thompson (Diocesan College & Worcester 1953), businessman
• Robert J. L. (Bob) Hawke (Western Australia & University 1953), Prime Minister of Australia, 1983-1991
• Laurie Ackermann (Cape Province & Worcester 1954), Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
• Lord (Leonard) Hoffman (South African College School & Queen's 1954), UK Lord Justice of Appeal
• Norman F. Cantor (Manitoba & Oriel 1954), Canadian historian of the Middle Ages
• Richard G. Lugar (Indiana & Pembroke 1954), U.S. Senator for Indiana, 1977-
• Paul S. Sarbanes (Maryland & Balliol 1954), U.S. Senator for Maryland, 1977-2007
• Robert O. Paxton (Virginia & Merton 1954), American historian of France
• Ranjit Roy Chaudhury (India & Magdalen 1955), medical scientist
• Reynolds Price (North Carolina & Merton 1955), American poet and novelist
• Lord (Johan) Steyn (Cape Province & University 1955), UK Lord Justice of Appeal
• Virendra Dayal (India & University 1956), Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
• Neil L. Rudenstine (Connecticut & New College 1956), American educator, President of Harvard University, 1991-2001
• Arthur Kroeger CC (Alberta & Pembroke 1956), Canadian civil servant and diplomat, Chancellor of Carleton University, 1993-2002
• Ranjit Bhatia (India & Jesus 1957), Indian Olympic athlete
• Robert I. Rotberg (New Jersey & University 1957), American political scientist
• Aaron Sloman (South African College School & Balliol 1957) Philosopher, AI researcher, Cognitive Scientist.
• Kristoffer Kristofferson (California & Merton 1958), American actor and musician
• Joseph S. Nye, Jr. (New Jersey & Exeter 1958), American political scientist, Chairman of the National Intelligence Council (1993-1994), Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (1994-1995), Dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard
• Jonathan Kozol (Massachusetts & Magdalen 1958), American writer and social activist
• Manmohan Malhoutra (India & Balliol 1958), Assistant Secretary-General of the Commonwealth
• Pete Dawkins (Michigan & Brasenose 1959), 1958 Heisman Trophy Winner, Brigadier General, US Army (Ret. 1983), Chairman and CEO of Diversified Distribution Services, Travelers Group

1960s

• Paul Bamberg, Professor of Mathematics and Physics at Harvard University
• Richard F. Celeste (Ohio & Exeter 1960), Governor of Ohio (1983-1991), Director of the Peace Corps, U.S. Ambassador to India, President of Colorado College
• Girish Karnad (India & Lincoln 1960), Indian Kannada-language playwright and film actor
• Lester C. Thurow (Montana & Balliol 1960), American economist and author, professor of economics at MIT
• David H. Souter (New Hampshire & Magdalen 1961), Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1990-
• David B. Frohnmayer (Oregon & Wadham 1962), President of the University of Oregon, 1994-; Attorney General of Oregon, 1980-1991
• Rex D. Adams (West Virginia & Merton 1962), Chairman of the Board of PBS, Dean of the Fuqua School of Business, Duke University
• Walter B. Slocombe (Michigan & Balliol 1963), U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 1994-2001, Senior Advisor for National Defense for the CPA, Baghdad, 2003
• David L. Boren (Oklahoma & Balliol 1963), Governor of Oklahoma, 1975-1979); U.S. Senator for Oklahoma, 1979-1994; President of the University of Oklahoma
• Bryan Gould (New Zealand & Balliol 1963), British politician, Labour MP for Dagenham
• R. James Woolsey (Oklahoma & St John's 1963), Director of Central Intelligence, 1993-1995
• Montek Singh Ahluwalia (India & Magdalen 1964), Indian economist, first independent evaluator of IMF, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India
• Wasim Sajjad (Pakistan & Wadham 1964), Pakistani politician and lawyer, Interim President of Pakistan, Chairman of the Senate
• J. Gustave Speth (South Carolina & Balliol 1964), Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, 1993-1999, Dean of School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale
• Larry Pressler (South Dakota & St Edmund Hall 1964), American politician, U.S. Senator for South Dakota, 1979-1997
• William W. Bradley (Missouri & Worcester 1965), American politician, NBA star, U.S. Senator for New Jersey, 1979-1997, and Democratic presidential candidate, 2000
• Aftab Seth (India & Christ Church 1965), Indian Ambassador to Japan
• Daryl Williams AM QC (1965), Australian politician, Liberal Member of the House of Representatives, 1993-2004, Attorney-General of Australia 1996-2003
• Wesley K. Clark (Arkansas & Magdalen 1966), American military officer and politician, Supreme Allied Commander, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1997-2000; Democratic presidential candidate, 2004
• Terrence F. Malick (Oklahoma & Magdalen 1966), American film director of The Thin Red Line, Badlands, and The New World
• A. Michael Spence (Ontario & Magdalen 1966), Canadian economist, Nobel Prize in Economics for 2001
• Rt Rev Thomas Frerking OSB (Harvard 1966), Abbot, Abbey of St. Mary and St. Louis
• David E. Kendall (Indiana & Worcester 1966), American lawyer, President Clinton's personal lawyer
• Deepak Nayyar (India & Balliol 1967), Vice Chancellor of Delhi University
• Thomas H. Allen (Maine & Wadham 1967), American politician, U.S. Congressman (Maine), 1997-
• J. Michael Kirchberg, Jr. (California & Brasenose 1967), USNA, American educator
• David C. Hardesty, Jr. (West Virginia & Queen's 1967), President of West Virginia University
• Stephen A. Oxman (New Jersey & New College 1967), U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs, 1993-1994
• William J. Clinton (Arkansas & University 1968), American politician, 42nd President of the United States, 1993-2001, Governor of Arkansas, 1979-1981 & 1983-1993
• Robert B. Reich (New Hampshire & University 1968), American commentator and author, U.S. Secretary of Labor, 1993-1997
• Robert D. McCallum, Jr. (Tennessee & Christ Church 1968), American lawyer, U.S. Associate Attorney General, 2003-
• Boisfeuillet Jones, Jr. (Georgia & Exeter 1968), Publisher and CEO of The Washington Post
• Strobe Talbott (Ohio & Magdalen 1968), American diplomat and journalist, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State (1994-2001), President of the Brookings Institution
• William A. Fletcher (Washington & Merton 1968), Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit
• Rex Murphy (Newfoundland & St Edmund Hall 1968), Canadian commentator
• Danny Williams PC QC (Newfoundland), lawyer and businessman, Canadian politician, Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Ira Magaziner (Rhode Island & Balliol 1969), White House Senior Aide, 1993-1999, originator of ICANN
• Christopher R. Laidlaw (New Zealand & Merton 1969), New Zealand All Black, diplomat, MP, author, Human Rights Commissioner and Race Relations Conciliator
• Robert K. Rae PC OC QC (Ontario & Balliol 1969), Canadian politician, former Premier of Ontario
• Gilles Berthiaume (Keble 1966), Program Manager, Fujitsu Siemens Computers
• Dyson Heydon, High Court Judge of Australia

1970s

• Randall Kennedy (Princeton 1977), Harvard Law School Professor
• James Bathurst University Of Sussex,University Of Melbourne
• Geoffrey Robertson QC (Sydney, 1970), barrister and international human rights activist
• Richard H. Trainor (Rhode Island & Merton 1970), Principal of Kings College London
• Dennis Blair, (Virginia & University, 1970), retired 4-star Admiral, President of the Institute for Defense Analyses and former Commander in Chief of U.S. Pacific Command
• Jack Phillips (McGill & Balliol 1978), American Political Advisor and Inventor
• Franklin D. Raines (Washington & Magdalen 1971), Chairman and CEO of Fannie Mae, 1999-2004; Director of the Office of Management and Budget, 1996-1998
• Kurt L. Schmoke (Maryland & Balliol 1971), Mayor of Baltimore, 1987-1999; Dean of Howard University School of Law
• James R. Atlas (Illinois & New College 1971), American writer (The New Yorker)
• James Fallows (California & Queen's 1970), American writer (The Atlantic Monthly)
• Geoffrey I. Gallop (Western Australia 1972), Premier of Western Australia, 2001-2006
• Michael E. Kinsley (Michigan & Magdalen 1972), American journalist (Los Angeles Times), founder of Slate magazine, editor of The New Republic
• Thomas F. Birmingham (Massachusetts & Exeter 1972), President of the Massachusetts Senate, Candidate for Democratic nomintion for Governor of Massachusetts, 2002
• Kim C. Beazley (1973), Australian politician, Former Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the Opposition
• Richard N. Haass (Florida & Wadham & St Antony's 1973), President of the Council on Foreign Relations, Director of the Policy Planning Staff at the U.S. Department of State, 2001-2003
• E. J. Dionne (Massachusetts & Balliol 1973), American journalist and Washington Post columnist
• Paul Blustein (Wisconsin & Merton 1973), American author and journalist (The Washington Post)
• Sir Rod Eddington (Western Australia & Lincoln 1974), Former CEO of British Airways
• C. Thomas McMillen (Maryland & University 1974), U.S. Olympian, NBA basketball player, U.S. Congressman (Maryland), 1987-1993
• Walter Isaacson (Louisiana & Pembroke 1974), author, President of the Aspen Institute, Managing Editor of Time magazine (1995-2001), Chairman and CEO of CNN
• Elliot F. Gerson (Connecticut & Magdalen 1974), American Secretary of the Rhodes Trust, Vice President of the Aspen Institute, Deputy Attorney General of Connecticut
• Edwin Cameron (South Africa-at-Large & Keble 1975), Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, African National Congress lawyer and AIDS activist
• Larry J. Sabato (Virginia & Queen's 1975), American political scientist
• Russell D. Feingold (Wisconsin & Magdalen 1975), U.S. Senator for Wisconsin, 1993-
• Michael Sandel (Massachusetts & Balliol 1975), American political philosopher and professor at Harvard University
• Melvin J. Reynolds (Illinois & Lincoln 1975), U.S. Congressman (Illinois), 1993-1995
• Michael Gerrard L'Estrange — BA University of Sydney (1976)
• Malcolm Turnbull (Sydney 1978), Australian lawyer, banker, and politician, Liberal Member of the House of Representatives, 2004-
• C. David Naylor (Ontario & Hertford 1979), Canadian medical researcher, President of the University of Toronto
• Nancy-Ann Min DeParle (Tennessee & Balliol 1979), Administrator of the U.S. Health Care Financing Administration, 1997-2000
• Stephen Gumley (Tasmania, 1979), Chief Executive Officer of the Defence Materiel Organisation (Australia)

1980s

• Elsdon Storey (Victoria & Magdalen & Wolfson 1980), Australian neurologist
• Tony Abbott (New South Wales 1980), Australian politician, minister of health and aging, Member of the House of Representatives, 1994-
• Clark Kent Ervin (Texas & St Catherine's 1980), Former Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Nicholas D. Kristof (Oregon & Magdalen 1981), New York Times reporter and columnist
• Heather A. Wilson (New Hampshire & Jesus 1982), U.S. Congresswoman (New Mexico), 1998-
• Richard Flanagan (Tasmania 1983), Australian author, winner of the 2002 Commonwealth Writers Prize
• David B. Vitter (Louisiana & Magdalen 1983), U.S. Senator (Louisiana), 2005-
• Christopher Eisgruber (Oregon & University 1983), Provost of Princeton University
• Elizabeth Kiss (North Carolina & Balliol 1983), President of Agnes Scott College.
• Bill Halter (Arkansas & St. Johns, 1983), Arkansas Lt. Governor.
• Christopher Hedrick (Washington and Magdalen, 1984), President and CEO of Intrepid Learning Solutions
• George Stephanopoulos (Ohio & Balliol 1984), moderator of ABC's This Week and communications director for Bill Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign
• Brian Greene (New York & Magdalen 1984), American physicist and string theorist
• Robert Malley (Connecticut & Magdalen 1984), Director for Near East and South Asian Affairs, National Security Council, 1997-2001
• Ronald Tenpas (Michigan State 1984), Associate Deputy Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, 2005-
• Naomi R. Wolf (Connecticut & New College 1985), American author and feminist social critic
• Susan E. Rice (District of Columbia & New College 1986), U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, 1997-2001
• Jacob Weisberg (Illinois & New College 1987), journalist and editor of Slate magazine
• Atul A. Gawande (Ohio & Balliol 1987), surgeon and New Yorker medical writer
• David Chalmers (Australia & Lincoln 1987), Australian philosopher of mind
• David E. Kirk (New Zealand & Worcester 1987), captain of the New Zealand All Blacks who won the inaugural Rugby (Union) World Cup in 1987
• Brad R. Carson (Oklahoma & Trinity 1989), U.S. Congressman (Oklahoma), 2001-2005

1990s

• Arthur Mutambara (Zimbabwe & Merton 1991), Zimbabwean politician who became President of one faction of the Movement for Democratic Change in 2006
• Cory A. Booker (New Jersey & Queen's 1992), mayor of Newark, New Jersey
• Piyush "Bobby" Jindal (Louisiana & New College 1992), U.S. Congressman (Louisiana), 2005-, U.S. Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, 2001-2004, President of the University of Louisiana System, 1999-2001
• Sanjeev Sanyal (India & St.John's 1992), noted Asian economist, banker and conservationist
• Nikolas Gvosdev (Florida & St Antony's 1992), editor of The National Interest
• Noah Feldman (Massachusetts & Christ Church 1992), American author, NYU law professor, constitutional advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, 2003-2005
• Peter Beinart (Massachusetts & University 1993), editor of The New Republic
• Randal Pinkett (New Jersey & Keble 1994), President and CEO of BCT Partners, and winner of The Apprentice 4
• Rachel Maddow (California & Lincoln 1995), host of The Rachel Maddow Show on Air America Radio
• Andrew Marsaw (Laurentian University 1996), Canadian Civil Servant
• Alexander Straub (Germany & St John's 1996), Entrepreneur and Financier
• Annette Salmeen (California & St John's 1997), 1996 American Olympic gold medalist in swimming
• Rachel Simmons (New York & Lincoln 1998), American author of Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls (Harcourt, 2002)
• Eric Garcetti (New York and Queen's, '93), President of the Los Angeles City Council
• Ben Cannon (Missouri and Corpus Christi, '99), Oregon State Representative-Elect
• Marc Kielburger, Canadian humanitarian and activist, Free The Children

2000s

• Garrett Johnson (Florida & Florida State University 2006), Elite American Shot Putter

Centenary degrees

In recognition of the centenary of the foundation of the Rhodes Trust in 2003, four scholars were awarded honorary degrees by the University of Oxford:

• John Brademas (Indiana & Brasenose 1950), President of New York University, U.S. Congressman (Indiana), 1959-1981
• Robert J. L. (Bob) Hawke (Western Australia & University 1953), Prime Minister of Australia, 1983-1991
• Rex Nettleford (Jamaica 1957), Vice-Chancellor of the University of the West Indies, author, dance director
• David R. Woods (Rhodes & University 1963), Vice-Chancellor of Rhodes University

Former trustees

• Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey
• Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham
• Rudyard Kipling

External links

• The Rhodes Trust
• The American Secretary, Rhodes Scholarship Trust
• The Australian Rhodes Scholarship
• Bermuda Selection Committee
• The Rhodes Trust in Germany
• Indian Rhodes Scholarships
• Committee for Jamaica and the Commonwealth Caribbean
• New Zealand Vice-Chancellors' Committee page on Rhodes Scholarships
• The Mandela Rhodes Foundation in South Africa
• Southern African Rhodes Scholarships
• Rhodes University — South Africa
• The first in-depth study of Rhodes women
• United States Naval Academy Rhodes Scholars

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