Denmark

Kongeriget Danmark

Flag of Denmark Denmark Coat o f Arms (In Detail) (In Detail)
Motto of the Queen: Guds hjælp, Folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke (English: God's help, the People's love, Denmark's strength)
Location of Denmark
Official language	Danish1
Capital	Copenhagen
Largest City	Copenhagen
Monarch	Queen Margrethe II
Prime Minister	Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Area2 - Total  - % water - With Territories	Ranked 131st 43,094 km² 1.6% 2,389,903km²
Population2 - Total (2005) - Density	Ranked 108th 5,415,978 125/km²
GDP (2005)2 - Total (PPP) - Total - GDP/capita (PPP) - GDP/capita	$188 billion (43rd) $266 billion (28th) $34,718 (6th) $49,182 (6th)
Currency	Danish krone
Time zone2  - in summer	CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2)
National anthem	Der er et yndigt land
Royal anthem	Kong Christian
Internet TLD2	.dk
Calling Code2	+45
1 Co-official with Greenlandic in Greenland, and Faroese in the Faroe Islands. German is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark. Danish is recognised as a protected minority language in the Schleswig-Holstein region of Germany. 2Information for Denmark excluding the Faroe Islands and Greenland.

The Kingdom of Denmark is geographically the smallest and southernmost Nordic country. It is located in Scandinavia, a region of northern Europe, but it does not lie on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

Denmark borders the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, and consists of a peninsula attached to northern Germany named Jutland, the islands Funen, Zealand, and Bornholm, as well as many smaller islands, the waters of which are often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark lies north of Germany (its only land neighbor), southwest of Sweden, and south of Norway.

Denmark's area, slightly above 43,000 km², is about the same as Massachusetts and Connecticut combined. Its population, at nearly 5.5 million, is about the size of Wisconsin's.

Greenland and the Faroe Islands are Crown territories of Denmark, each with political home rule.

Geography

Denmark consists of the peninsula of Jutland and 405 named islands. Of these, 323 are inhabited, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The island of Bornholm is located somewhat east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea. Many of the larger islands are connected by bridges; the Øresund Bridge connects Zealand with Sweden, the Great Belt Bridge connects Funen with Zealand, and the Small Belt Bridge connects Jutland with Funen. Ferries connect ?? one to the smaller islands.

The country is mostly flat with little elevation; the highest natural point is Møllehøj, at 171 m. The climate is temperate, with mild winters and cool summers. Main cities are the capital Copenhagen (on Zealand), Aarhus, Aalborg (on Jutland) and Odense (on Fyn).

History

The origin of Denmark is lost in prehistory. The oldest Danevirke is from the 7th century C.E., at the same time as the new Runic alphabet. Oldest city: Ribe is from about 810.

Up into the 10th century the Danes were known as Vikings, together with Norwegians and Swedes, colonizing, raiding, and trading in all parts of Europe. Viking explorers first discovered Iceland by accident in the ninth century, en route to the Faroe Islands. Erik the Red, or Erik Thorvaldson, was exiled from the colony for manslaughter in 980 and set sail for the west, to explore the lands to the west. He established the first settlements in Greenland around this time, naming the land, according to legend, to attract settlers.

Erik's son Leif the Lucky (Leif Ericson) finally set foot in the Americas around the year 1000. While some say he was blown off course, it is most likely that he was deliberatly seeking the land spotted by Bjarni Herjulfsson several years earlier. He established a colony at L'Anse aux Meadows, ?? which lasted only a year. Two further attempts at colonization by his brother ended in failure.

At various times the King of Denmark has ruled parts of England and Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, France, especially Normandy and the Virgin Islands, Tranquebar in India, Estonia, and what is now northern Germany. Scania, Blekinge, and Halland were part of Denmark for most of its early history, but were lost to Sweden in 1658. The union with Norway was dissolved in 1814, when Norway entered a new union with Sweden (until 1905).

The Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s, and after the European revolutions of 1848, Denmark became a constitutional monarchy the next year.

After the Second War of Schleswig in 1864, Denmark was forced to cede Schleswig-Holstein ?? to Prussia, in a defeat that left deep marks in the Danish national identity. After this point Denmark adopted a policy of neutrality, as a result of which Denmark stayed neutral in World War I. Following the defeat of Germany, Denmark was offered by the Treaty of Versailles the return of Schleswig-Holstein. Fearing German irredentism, Denmark refused to consider the return of Holstein and insisted on a plebiscite concerning the return of Schleswig. In 1920, following the plebiscite, northern Schleswig was recovered by Denmark and the new border has remained one of the fairest ?? borders ever in history.

Despite its continued neutrality, Denmark was invaded by Germany in 1940. Though at first accorded self-rule (which ended in 1943 due to a mounting resistance movement), Denmark remained militarily occupied throughout World War II. The Danish sympathy for the Allied Cause was strong; 1900 Danish police officers were arrested by the Gestapo and sent, under guard, to be interned in Buchenwald. After the war, Denmark became one of the founding members of NATO and, in 1973, joined the European Economic Community (later, the European Union).

Politics and government

File:KarleboL.jpg

Windmills, antique (pictured) and modern, accent the gently rolling meadowlands of Denmark.

Denmark is the oldest monarchy in the world (?? Japan). In 1849, it became a constitutional monarchy with the adoption of a new constitution.

Greenland and the Faroe Islands also belong to the Kingdom of Denmark, but have autonomous status and are largely self-governing, and are each represented by two seats in the parliament.

Economy

This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, a stable currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has a comfortable balance of payments surplus.

The Danish economy is highly unionized; 75% of its labor force are members of a union in the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions. Relationships between unions and employers are cooperative: unions have a day-to-day role in managing the workplace, and their representatives sit on most companies' board of directors. Rules on work schedules and pay are negotiated between unions and employers, with minimal government involvement.

The government has been very successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark, in a 2000 referendum, reconfirmed its decision not to join the 12 other EU members in the euro. Even so, the Danish currency remains pegged to the euro.

Demographics

File:Da-map.png

Map of Denmark

The majority of the population is of Scandinavian descent, with small groups of Inuit (from Greenland), Faroese, and immigrants. According to official statistics in 2003, immigrants made up 6% of the total population.

Danish is spoken in the entire country, although a small group near the German border also speaks German. Many Danes are fluent in English as well, particularly those in larger cities and the youth, who are taught English in school.

According to official 2002 statistics, 84% of Danes are members of the state church, the Danish People's Church, also known as the Church of Denmark, a form of Lutheranism; the rest are primarily of other Christian denominations and also about 2% are Muslims. For the last decade, the Church of Denmark has seen a decline in the number of memberships. In the later years, the old Norse religion Asatru has begun to reemerge. Asatru was approved as a religious movement by the Danish government in 2003.

Culture

Perhaps the most famous Dane is actually a mythical figure: Hamlet, the title character of William Shakespeare's greatest play, which was set in a real castle (Kronborg) in Elsinore/Helsingør, north of Copenhagen. The Dane most well-known in foreign countries is probably Hans Christian Andersen, a writer mostly famous for such fairy tales as The Emperor's New Clothes, The Little Mermaid, and The Ugly Duckling.

Other Danes that is probably known outside Denmark in various degrees, includes:

• Vitus Bering, explorer and navigator
• Karen Blixen, also known as Isak Dinesen, author
• Niels Bohr, physicist and Nobel Prize laureate
• Victor Borge, entertainer, pianist
• Tycho Brahe, astronomer
• Søren Kierkegaard, existentialist philosopher
• Viggo Mortensen, actor in USA
• Bjarne Riis, professional road bicycle racer, winner of the 1996 Tour de France

External links

• Danish military history
• Danish Newspapers
• Official Portal of Denmark
• Human rights reports from Amnesty International
• List of Danish cities from world-gazetteer.com
• Old Denmark in Cyberspace - Information about Denmark and the Danes
• Online charts and maps by the Danish survey authority
• Satellite image of Denmark at NASA's Earth Observatory

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