Difference between revisions of "Agrippa I" - New World Encyclopedia
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[[Image:Agrippa I coin.jpg|285px|thumb|right|Front and back of a Judean coin from the reign of Agrippa I.]] | [[Image:Agrippa I coin.jpg|285px|thumb|right|Front and back of a Judean coin from the reign of Agrippa I.]] | ||
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| − | '''Agrippa I''' also called the Great (10 B.C.E. - 44 | + | '''Agrippa I''' also called the Great (10 B.C.E. - 44 CE), [[King of the Jews]], was the grandson of [[Herod the Great]], and son of [[Aristobulus IV]] and [[Berenice (daughter of Salome)|Berenice]]. His original name was '''Marcus Julius Agrippa''', and he is the king named Herod in the [[Acts of the Apostles]], in the [[Bible]], "Herod (Agrippa)." |
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
===Rome=== | ===Rome=== | ||
| − | [[Josephus]] informs us that, after the murder of his father, young Agrippa was sent by Herod the Great to the imperial court in [[Rome]]. There, [[Tiberius]] conceived a great affection for him, and placed him near his son [[Drusus Julius Caesar|Drusus]], who also befriended him. On the death of Drusus, Agrippa | + | [[Josephus]] informs us that, after the murder of his father, young Agrippa was sent by his grandfather, [[Herod the Great]], to the imperial court in [[Rome]]. There, Emperor [[Tiberius]] conceived a great affection for him, and placed him near his son [[Drusus Julius Caesar|Drusus]], who also befriended him. On the death of Drusus, Agrippa was obliged to leave Rome because of his extravagant ways. After a brief seclusion, Agrippa's fortunes improved due to the intervention of his uncle, [[Herod Antipas]], who had been appointed [[tetrarch]] of [[Galilee]] [[Perea (Holy Land)|Perea]]. Antipas had also married Agrippa's sister [[Herodias]], an act for which he was famously denounced by [[John the Baptist]]. |
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| + | Antipas named Agrippa overseer of markets) in the city of[[Tiberias]] and gave him a large sum of money. However, when this support was discontinued, Agrippa was forced to leave Judea, going first to [[Antioch]], and afterwards returning to Rome. There he was again welcomed by Tiberius and became the constant companion of the future Emperor [[Caligula]], then a popular favorite. However, when Agrippa was allegedly overheard to express a wish for Tiberius' death and the advancement of Caligula, he was betrayed to the emperor and cast into prison. | ||
===Caligula and Claudius=== | ===Caligula and Claudius=== | ||
Revision as of 02:44, 6 May 2008
Agrippa I also called the Great (10 B.C.E. - 44 C.E.), King of the Jews, was the grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice. His original name was Marcus Julius Agrippa, and he is the king named Herod in the Acts of the Apostles, in the Bible, "Herod (Agrippa)."
Life
Rome
Josephus informs us that, after the murder of his father, young Agrippa was sent by his grandfather, Herod the Great, to the imperial court in Rome. There, Emperor Tiberius conceived a great affection for him, and placed him near his son Drusus, who also befriended him. On the death of Drusus, Agrippa was obliged to leave Rome because of his extravagant ways. After a brief seclusion, Agrippa's fortunes improved due to the intervention of his uncle, Herod Antipas, who had been appointed tetrarch of Galilee Perea. Antipas had also married Agrippa's sister Herodias, an act for which he was famously denounced by John the Baptist.
Antipas named Agrippa overseer of markets) in the city ofTiberias and gave him a large sum of money. However, when this support was discontinued, Agrippa was forced to leave Judea, going first to Antioch, and afterwards returning to Rome. There he was again welcomed by Tiberius and became the constant companion of the future Emperor Caligula, then a popular favorite. However, when Agrippa was allegedly overheard to express a wish for Tiberius' death and the advancement of Caligula, he was betrayed to the emperor and cast into prison.
Caligula and Claudius
Following Tiberius' death and the ascension of Agrippa's friend Caligula, Agrippa was made governor first of the territories of Batanaea and Trachonitis that his cousin Herod Philip I had held, then of the tetrarchy of Lysanias, with the title of "king." In 39 C.E., Agrippa returned to Rome, and brought about the banishment of Antipas, whose tetrarchy he then was granted.
On the assassination of Caligula in 41, Agrippa's advice helped to secure Claudius' accession as emperor, while he made a show of being in the interest of the senate. As a reward for his assistance, Claudius gave Agrippa the government of Judea, while the kingdom of Chalkis in Lebanon was at his request given to his brother Herod III. Thus Agrippa became one of the greatest princes of the east; the territory he possessed equaling in extent that held by his grandfather Herod the Great.
Josephus
He returned to Judea and governed it to the great satisfaction of the Jews. His zeal, private and public, for Judaism is recorded by Josephus and the rabbis. After Passover in 44, Agrippa went to Caesarea, where he had games performed in honour of Claudius. In the midst of his elation Agrippa saw an owl perched over his head. During his imprisonment by Tiberius a similar omen had been interpreted as portending his speedy release, with the warning that should he behold the same sight again, he would die within five days. He was immediately smitten with violent pains, scolded his friends for lying to him and accepted his imminent death. He experienced heart pains and a pain in his abdomen, and died after five days.[1] This account is a similar to the version in Acts 12, which adds he was eaten by worms.[2]
Acts 12
In Acts 12 of the New Testament, about the time of the Passover in 44, James, son of Zebedee, was seized by Agrippa's order and put to death by beheading. Agrippa proceeded also to lay hands on Peter, and imprisoned him, but God sent an angel, and the angel released Peter from prison. After that Passover, Agrippa went to Caesarea, where the inhabitants of Tyre and Sidon waited on him to sue for peace.
Agrippa, gorgeously arrayed, received them in the stadium, and addressed them from a throne, while the audience cried out that his was "the voice of a god, not a man" (in this identical to the account in Josephus). But "the angel of the Lord smote him," and shortly afterwards he died, "eaten of worms," in 44 C.E.
Death
A third account omits all the miraculous elements in the story and says that Agrippa was assassinated by the Romans, who objected to his growing power. At the time of his death, Agrippa's only legitimate successor was his adolescent son of the same name; therefore, the Roman Emperor Claudius decided to return Iudaea Province to the rule of Roman procurators.
Arts
- Herod Agrippa is the protagonist of the Italian opera, L’Agrippa tetrarca di Gerusalemme (1724) by Giuseppe Maria Buini (mus.) and Claudio Nicola Stampa (libr.), first performed at the Teatro Ducale of Milan, Italy, on August 28, 1724.[3]
- Herod Agrippa is a major figure in Robert Graves' novel Claudius the God, as well as the BBC television adaptation I, Claudius, (wherein he was portrayed by James Faulkner). He is depicted as one of Claudius' closest life-long friends.
Notes
- ↑ Antiquities 19.345-350
- ↑ King Herod Agrippa. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
- ↑ G. Boccaccini, Portraits of Middle Judaism in Scholarship and Arts (Turin: Zamorani, 1992).
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- This entry incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- Yohanan Aharoni & Michael Avi-Yonah, "The MacMillan Bible Atlas," Revised Edition, p. 156 (1968 & 1977, by Carta Ltd.).
External links
- Jewish Encyclopedia: Agrippa I.
- Agrippa I, article in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
- Sergey E. Rysev. Herod and Agrippa
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