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| − | {{Submitted}}{{Approved}}{{Paid}}{{Copyedited}}
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| − | [[Category:Politics and social sciences]]
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| − | [[Category:Education]]
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| − | [[Category:Universities and Colleges]]
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| − | {{Infobox University-Jen
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| − | |name = Wellesley College
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| − | |image_name = Wellesley_college_seal.gif
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| − | |motto = Non Ministrari sed Ministrare (not to be ministered unto but to minister)
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| − | |established = 1870
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| − | |type = [[Private school|Private]]
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| − | |president = [[Diana Chapman Walsh]]
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| − | |city = [[Wellesley, Massachusetts|Wellesley]]
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| − | |state = [[Massachusetts]]
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| − | |country = [[United States|USA]]
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| − | |campus = [[Suburban]]
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| − | |undergrad = Approximately 2,300
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| − | |postgrad_label =
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| − | |postgrad =
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| − | |faculty = Approximately 200
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| − | |mascot = Blue
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| − | |free_label = Endowment
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| − | |free = $1.2 billion (June 2005)
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| − | |website = [http://www.wellesley.edu/ www.wellesley.edu]
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| − | }}
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| − | '''Wellesley College''' is a women's [[liberal arts]] [[college]] that opened in 1875, founded by [[Henry Fowle Durant]] and his wife Pauline Fowle Durant. Situated in [[Wellesley, Massachusetts]] (13 miles west of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]]), Wellesley college grants four-year [[baccalaureate]] degrees and is one of the original [[Seven Sisters (colleges)|Seven Sisters]]. Approximately 2,300 students attend the school. Wellesley consistently ranks among the top five liberal arts colleges in the United States, and is the highest ranking women's college in this category.
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| − | As one of the "Seven Sisters," Wellesley has been and continues to be instrumental in advancing educational opportunities for women. In this way it has supported the advancement of women in [[society]], enabling them to receive the level of education that permits them to make significant impact in all arenas. Wellesley, continuing to be an educational institution for women only, also maintains the unique feminine distinctions that are essential to the establishment of healthy [[family|families]] and a stable society. Clarification of those distinctions are needed, however, for women to be able to contribute in the most effective way to the establishment of a world of peace and harmony for all.
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| − | ==Mission and reputation==
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| − | [[Henry Fowle Durant]] founded the [[college]] to give women an opportunity for [[higher education]]. Durant believed women were capable of great things and merely needed the chance to prove this. Today, the mission of the college is to "provide an excellent [[liberal arts]] education for women who will make a difference in the world." The college's motto, "''Non Ministrari sed Ministrare''" (not to be ministered unto but to minister), reflects this purpose.
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| − | Based on rankings by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', Wellesley consistently ranks among the top five liberal arts colleges in the United States, and is the highest ranking women's college in this category.
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| − | ==History==
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| − | Founded by Henry and Pauline Fowle Durant, the charter for Wellesley College was signed on March 17, 1870 by Massachusetts Governor [[William Claflin]]. The original name of the College was the Wellesley Female Seminary, and the renaming to Wellesley College was approved by the Massachusetts legislature on March 7, 1873. Opening day was September 8, 1875.
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| − | The first president was [[Ada Howard]]. Throughout its history, the college has always had female presidents. Subsequent presidents include: [[Alice Elvira Freeman Palmer]], Helen Almira Shafer, Julia Josephine Thomas Irvine, Caroline Hazard, Ellen Fitz Pendleton, [[Mildred H. McAfee]] (later Mildred McAfee Horton), Margaret Clapp, Ruth M. Adams, Barbara Wayne Newell, Nannerl Overholser Keohane (later the president of [[Duke University]] from 1993-2004), followed by Diana Chapman Walsh. On April 28, 2006, Walsh announced that she would be leaving Wellesley as of June 2007.<ref>[http://www.wellesley.edu/PublicAffairs/Releases/2006/042806b.html President Diana Chapman Walsh to Step Down in June 2007], Trustees of Wellesley College. Retrieved December 31, 2007.</ref> Kim Bottomly, a renowned immunobiologist and a deputy provost at [[Yale University]], was named Wellesley College’s thirteenth president.<ref>[http://www.wellesley.edu/PublicAffairs/Releases/2007/051007.html Kim Bottomly Named Wellesley College's 13th President], Trustees of Wellesley College. Retrieved December 31, 2007.</ref>
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| − | The original architecture of the College consisted of one very large building, College Hall, which was approximately 150 meters in length, and up to five stories in height. Until 1914, it was both a principal academic building and a principal residential building. On March 17, 1914 (in the third year of the presidency of Ellen Fitz Pendleton) College Hall was destroyed by fire. The precise cause of the fire was never officially established. The fire was first noticed by students who lived on the fourth floor near the [[zoology]] laboratory. It has been suggested that an electrical or chemical accident in this laboratory triggered the fire. In particular, the fire may have been started by an electrical incubator used in the breeding of beetles.
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| − | A group of student residence halls called the Tower Court Complex (made up of Claflin Hall, Severance Hall, and Tower Court) are located on top of the hill where the old College Hall once stood. Wellesley is also home to Green Hall, the only building bearing the name of famed miser, [[Hetty Green]]. Green Hall is home to Galen L. Stone Tower, in which is housed a 32-bell [[Carillon]].
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| − | ==Facilities==
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| − | The college is renowned for the picturesque beauty of its 500-acre (2 km²) campus which includes Lake Waban, evergreen and deciduous woodlands and open meadows. [[Frederick Law Olmsted]], Jr., Boston's preeminent landscape architect at the beginning of the twentieth century, described Wellesley's landscape as "not merely beautiful, but with a marked individual character not represented so far as I know on the ground of any other college in the country."
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| − | Wellesley's libraries contain over 1.5 million catalogued books, journals, media recordings, maps, and other items.
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| − | ==Education==
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| − | Classes at Wellesley range from 12 to 24 students in size, and there are approximately 9 students for every faculty member.<ref>[http://www.wellesley.edu/admission/about/academic.html admissions literature], Trustees of Wellesley College. Retrieved December 31, 2007.</ref>
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| − | The college also has a special program for non-traditionally aged women, called Davis Scholars. The program allows women who, for various reasons, were unable to start or complete a bachelor's degree, to attend Wellesley.
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| − | ==Student Life==
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| − | The College has approximately 170 student organizations, ranging from cultural and political organizations to community service, [[campus radio]], and [[college athletics|club sports]]. Leadership opportunities are plentiful whether in a formal role (like president of a student organization or a peer tutor or a first year mentor) or more informal (editor of a student publication or songmistress for one of Wellesley's many a cappella vocal groups).
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| − | Wellesley College's College Government cabinet consists of 9 cabinet members, including the College Government President, Vice President, Secretary/Treasurer, Student Bursar, Director of On-Campus Affairs, Multicultural Affairs Coordinator, Committee for Political and Legislative Action (CPLA) Chair, Chief Justice and College Government-House Presidents Council Liaison.
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| − | All student organizations are approved by the Student Organizations and Appointments Committee (SOAC), which is chaired by the Vice President of College Government. Wellesley is unique in that student representatives participate as full voting members in many of the Academic Council, Board of Trustee, and other college committees. The students appointed to these committees are also selected by SOAC.
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| − | Nearly all students live on campus in one of the 21 residence halls. Some cooperative housing is available. Wellesley offers housing for [[non-traditional students|Davis Scholars]] as well,<ref>[http://www.wellesley.edu/NSP/davisProgram.html Davis Degree Program], Trustees of Wellesley College. Retrieved December 31, 2007.</ref> though not for their children or spouses, often causing great uproar on campus.<ref> Elizabeth F. Farrell, [http://chronicle.com/free/v52/i38/38a04001.htm A Pregnant Cause: Student mothers say some small colleges make it difficult for them to stay in school], ''The Chronicle of Higher Education''. Retrieved December 31, 2007.</ref>
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| − | For more than 30 years, Wellesley has had a cross-registration program with [[MIT]]. In recent years, cross-registration opportunities have expanded to include nearby [[Babson College]], [[Brandeis University]], and [[Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering|Olin College of Engineering]]. To facilitate cross-registration, the College operates a bus to the MIT campus in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] as well as to the [[Olin College]] campus in [[Needham, Massachusetts]].
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| − | ==Traditions==
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| − | As is the case with many colleges, especially the [[Seven Sisters (colleges)|Seven Sisters]], Wellesley College has many traditions. Each new fall semester is marked by a non-denominational service known as Flower Sunday. Upperclasswomen are matched up with first-years who become their "little sisters." On the morning of Flower Sunday, the older students give their little sisters flowers before the service. The "big sisters" often become friends and mentors to their "little sisters." While the service itself has changed over the years, today it consists of speeches made by the college president and deans, recitation of poetry, and several songs by the Wellesley College Choir. Additionally, student representatives from each of the many religious groups will present a short reading from their faith.
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| − | [[Hoop rolling]] is also a highly competitive tradition at the college. Each upperclasswoman has a wooden hoop, often passed down to her from her “big sister.” (Sometimes, a student purchases her hoop for ten dollars, from the Hoop, a student-run snackery.) Before graduation, the seniors, wearing their graduation robes, run a short race while rolling their hoops. The winner of the race is said to be the first woman in her class to achieve success however she defines it, though this title has changed through out time with periods including "to be the first CEO in her class" as well as other definitions. She is also awarded flowers by the college president, and then tossed into Lake Waban. The tossing of the winner into the lake began several decades ago when a [[Harvard|Harvard University]] male, dressed as a Wellesley student, won the race. When, upon his victory, it was discovered that he was not a Wellesley student, he was thrown into the lake. The night before the race, many “little sisters” will camp out on the racecourse near the Library to save a good starting position for their “big sisters.”
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| − | Some other traditions include Step-singing, dorm and class crew races, Lake Day, and Marathon Monday. Each graduation class plants a tree during their sophomore year. “Class trees,” as they are called, can be found all over the campus, marked with each class’ year on a stone at the trees’ base.
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| − | Wellesley College’s crew team is known to be the first female collegiate crew team in the country. While today the team itself is a [[NCAA]] varsity sport, crew is widely experienced by many students by their participation in dorm and class crew regattas.
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| − | Step-singing is one of the college’s oldest traditions and occurs multiple times throughout the year. Each graduation class has their own color (purple, red, green, or yellow). Students dress in their class' color and sing songs on the steps of the chapel. In between some of the songs, the classes will shout cheers that make fun of the other classes.
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| − | Each fall, on a date that is not announced until the night before, students celebrate Lake day. The day consists of fun outdoor activities ranging from fried-dough stands to moonwalks and is deejayed by the college radio station.
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| − | One of the most popular traditions is the celebration of Marathon Monday which occurs on [[Patriots Day]] each spring, and is highlighted by the [[Boston Marathon]]. The marathon course passes the college, which marks its halfway point. Students line up along the street with posters and cheer for the runners. Since they are so loud, the students have created what is widely known as the “Wellesley Scream Tunnel.”
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| − | Every February, annually since 1970, three alumnae are honored at the Alumnae Achievement Awards for honoring themselves and Wellesley College through outstanding achievements in their respective fields.
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| − | ==Notable Alumni==
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| − | [[Image:Eleanor Roosevelt with Soong Mei-ling.jpg|thumb|left|250 px|Soong May-ling (right) with [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] during a 1943 visit]]
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| − | [[Image:Albrightmadeleine.jpg|thumb|200 px|right|Madeleine Albright, official secretary of State portrait]]
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| − | [[Image:Hillary Rodham Clinton.jpg|thumb|200 px|Official Senate portrait of Hillary Rodham Clinton]]
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| − | [[Image:Pamela Melroy.jpg|thumb|200 px|Pamela Anne Melroy [[NASA]] [[astronaut]]]]
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| − | For a long time, Wellesley has produced more women in top positions in Corporate America than any other college or university, according to an article in the New York Times in 1995 (see reference below). They included Lois Juliber, then at Colgate, Marion O. Sandler, then at Golden West Financial, Ellen Marram, then at Seagram's Beverage Group, and Donna Ecton, then at Business Mail Express. Sheila Wellington was, at the time, president of Catalyst, the women's advocacy and research group.
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| − | A number of Wellesley alumnae have gone on to become notable in their respective fields. For example:
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| − | * [[Soong May-ling]] was [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s wife and First Lady of [[Taiwan]].
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| − | * [[Madeleine Albright]] was the first female [[United States Secretary of State]] under the [[Clinton Administration]].
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| − | * [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] was [[First Lady]], a [[U.S. Senator]], and bid for the [[2008 Democratic primary|nomination for President in 2008]].
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| − | * [[Nora Ephron]], screenwriter.
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| − | * [[Diane Sawyer]], [[journalism|journalist]].
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| − | * [[Reena Raggi]], federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
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| − | * [[Elisabeth Shue]], actress.
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| − | * [[Laura Allen]], television and film actress.
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| − | * [[Judith Martin]], better known by the pen name Miss Manners, an American journalist, author, and etiquette authority.
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| − | * [[Pamela Ann Melroy]], NASA Astronaut.
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| − | * [[Bing Xin]], writer, novelist.
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| − | * [[Cokie Roberts]], journalist.
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| − | Notable former faculty members include [[Tom Lehrer]], [[Vladimir Nabokov]], and [[Alice Walker]].
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| − | ==Notes==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | == References ==
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| − | *Converse, Florence. ''The Story of Wellesley''. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Company, 1915
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| − | * Dobrzynski, Judith H. "How to Succeed? Go to Wellesley" ''The New York Times'' October 29, 1995.
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| − | *Glasscock, Jean et al. (eds.). ''Wellesley College 1875-1975: A Century of Women''. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College, 1975
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| − | *Hackett, Alice Payne. ''Wellesley: Part of the American Story''. New York, NY: E.P. Dutton & Co, 1949.
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| − | * Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. ''Alma Mater: Design and Experience in the Women's Colleges from Their Nineteenth-Century Beginnings to the 1930s'']. (2nd edition). Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993. ISBN 0870238698
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| − | *Kingsley, Florence Morse. ''The Life of Henry Fowle Durant''. New York, NY: The Century Co, 1924.
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| − | *{{cite web | title=Wellesley College Public Information | work=Wellesley College | url=http://www.wellesley.edu/PublicAffairs/Media/facts.html | accessdate=April 16 | accessyear=2005}}
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | * [http://www.wellesley.edu Wellesley College official web site] Retrieved August 3, 2007.
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| − | '''Satellite images from'''
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| − | * [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=42295280&x=-71306670&zo=1&l=0&m=a&spnx=0.008592&spny=0.005932 WikiMapia] Retrieved August 3, 2007.
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| − | * [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=42.29528,-71.30667&spn=0.008592,0.005932&t=k Google Maps] Retrieved August 3, 2007.
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| − | * [http://maps.live.com/default.aspx?cp=42.29528|-71.30667&style=h&lvl=18&v=1 Live Search Maps] Retrieved August 3, 2007.
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| − | {{Seven_Sisters}}
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| − | {{Credits|Wellesley_College|133424474|}}
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