Saint Antonio Maria Claret

Saint Anthony Mary Claret (Antoni Maria Claret i Clarà)
200px
Founder of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
Born	December 23, 1807 in Sallent
Died	October 24, 1870 in Fontfroide
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church
Beatified	Feb 25, 1934 by Pope Pius XI
Canonized	May 7, 1950 by Pope Pius XII
Major shrine	Vic
Feast	October 23
Patronage	Textile Merchants, Weavers, Savings (taught the poor the importance of savings), Catholic press, Claretians Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary.

Saint Antonio Maria Claret y Clarà (Anthony Mary Claret (and Clara) was a 19th-century Catalan Roman Catholic archbishop, missionary and confessor of the Spanish queen-regnant Isabella II.

Biography

Claret was born at Sallent, near Barcelona (Catalonia) on 23 December 1807, the son of a small woollen manufacturer. He received an elementary education in his native village, and at the age of twelve became a weaver. A little later he went to Barcelona to specialize in his trade, and remained there until he was twenty. Meanwhile he devoted his spare time to study and became proficient in Latin, French and engraving.

Recognizing a call to religious life, he left Barcelona. He now wished to become a Carthusian but finally entered the seminary at Vic in 1829, and was ordained on 13 June, 1835. He received a benefice in his native parish, where he continued to study theology till 1839; but as missionary work appealed strongly to him, he proceeded to Rome. There he entered the Jesuit novitiate, but finding himself unsuited for that manner of life, he returned shortly to Spain and exercised his pastoral ministry in Viladrau and Girona, attracting notice by his efforts on behalf of the poor.

Recalled by his superiors to Vic, he was engaged in missionary work throughout his native Catalonia. In 1848 he was sent to the Canary Islands where he gave retreats for fifteen months. Returning to Vic he established the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (16 July, 1849), and founded the great religious library at Barcelona which was called "Librería Religiosa" (now Librería Claret), and which has issued several million cheap copies of the best ancient and modern Catholic works.

Such had been the fruit of his zealous labours and so great the wonders he had worked, that Pius IX at the request of the Spanish crown (queen-regnant Isabella II of Spain) appointed him Archbishop of Santiago, Cuba in 1849. He was consecrated at Vich in October 1850 and embarked at Barcelona on 28 December. Having arrived at his destination he began at once a work of thorough reform. The seminary was reorganized, clerical discipline strengthened, and over nine thousand marriages validated within the first two years. He erected a hospital and numerous schools. Three times he made a visitation of the entire diocese, giving local missions incessantly. His zealous works stirred up much opposition in the anti-clerical mood of the period, as had happened previously in Spain. No less than fifteen attempts were made on his life, and at Holguin his cheek was laid open from ear to chin by a would-be assassin's knife.

In February, 1857, he was recalled to Spain by Queen Isabella II, who made him her confessor. He obtained permission to resign his see and was appointed to the titular see of Trajanopolis. His influence was now directed solely to help the poor and to propagate learning; he lived frugally and took up his residence in an Italian hospice. For nine years he was rector of the Escorial monastic school where he established an excellent scientific laboratory, a museum of natural history, a library, college and schools of music and languages. His further plans were frustrated by the Revolution of 1868. He continued his popular missions and distribution of good books wherever he went in accompanying the Spanish Court. When Isabella recognized the new, secular government of a united Italy, he left the Court and hastened to take his place by the side of the Pope; at the latter's command, however, he returned to Madrid with faculties for absolving the queen from the censures she had incurred for this. In 1869 he went to Rome to prepare for the First Vatican Council. Owing to failing health he withdrew to Prades in France, where he was still harassed by his Spanish enemies; shortly afterwards he retired to the Cistercian abbey at Fontfroide, Narbonne, southern France, where he expired on 24 October 1870.

Works

By his sermons and writings he contributed greatly to bring about the revival of the Catalan language, although most of his works were published in Spanish, especially during his stay in Cuba and Madrid.

His printed works number over 130, of which we may mention: "La escala de Jacob"; "Maximas de moral la más pura"; "Avisos"; "Catecismo explicado con láminas"; "La llave de oro"; "Selectos panegíricos" (11 volumes); "Sermones de misión" (3 volumes); "Misión de la mujer"; "Vida de Sta. Mónica"; "La Virgen del Pilar y los Francmasones."

His "Autobiografia," written by order of his spiritual director, may be read in pdf format here.

In addition to the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Heart of Mary (or Claretians; approved definitively by Pius IX, 11 February 1870) which in the early 21st century had over 450 houses and 3100 members, with missions in five continents, Archbishop Claret founded or drew up the rules of several communities of Religious Sisters.

Veneration

His zealous life and the wonders he wrought both before and after his death testified to his sanctity. Information were sought in 1887 and he was declared Venerable by Pope Leo XIII in 1899. His relics were transferred to the mission house at Vich in 1897, at which time his heart was found incorrupt. His grave is visited by many pilgrims. He was canonized by Pope Pius XII in 1950, with his liturgical feast day on the date of his death 23 October.

External links

All links Retrieved November 30, 2007.

• Autobiography of St. Anthony Mary Claret www.claret.org.
• Claretians www.claretians.org.
• Claretian Missionaries www.claret.org.
• Catholic Forum www.catholic-forum.com.
• Ven. Antonio María Claret y Clará - Catholic Encyclopedia www.newadvent.org.
• Congregations of the Heart of Mary - Catholic Encyclopedia www.newadvent.org.

Credits

New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:

• Saint Antonio Maria Claret  ^history

The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:

• History of "Saint Antonio Maria Claret"

Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.