Difference between revisions of "Rama III" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | | reign = | + | | reign =21 July, 1824 – 2 April, 1851 |
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[[Image:Rama III.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|Rama III statue in Bangkok]] | [[Image:Rama III.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|Rama III statue in Bangkok]] | ||
| − | '''Nangklao''' (Rama III) or '''King Jessadabodindra''' (full royal name Prabath Somdej Pra Paramadhiwarasetha Maha Jessadabodindra Siammintarawirodom Borommadhammikkarajadhirat Boromanathbopitra Phra Nangklao Chaoyuhua | + | '''Nangklao''' (Rama III) or '''King Jessadabodindra''' (full royal name Prabath Somdej Pra Paramadhiwarasetha Maha Jessadabodindra Siammintarawirodom Borommadhammikkarajadhirat Boromanathbopitra Phra Nangklao Chaoyuhua; March 31, 1788 - April 2, 1851) third of the [[Chakri dynasty]], was king of [[Siam]] from 1824 to 1851. He was selected as successor by an Assession Council because his younger brother, later Rama IV, was considered less suitable although born to a senior Queen. The future Rama IV took monastic vows as a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk to avoid possible assassination. |
| − | Rama III was the last traditional monarch of Siam. Though his successors were also traditionalists, they | + | Rama III was the last traditional monarch of Siam. Though his successors were also traditionalists, they started to modernize the kingdom. Rama III was king over the largest territory ever to be subject to Thai rule. He enterered a trade-treaty with Britain in 1826. His father had received two diplomatic missions from [[Singapore]] but no treaty had resulted. Rama III realized that unless he made some concesssions to the British, who had now entered [[Myanman|Burma]], they might simply take by forcewhat they failed to gain by peaceful means. He actually gave limited trade concessions but this was sufficient to cement a special relationship with the British that opened up Thailaind to trade while yielding none of her independence. Thai remained the only nation in Indochina that did not fall to one of the colonial powers. Instead, by negotiating with the [[British Empire|British]] to the West and the [[France|French]] to the East, the Thai kings secured recognition as a neutral buffer zone. |
== Before succession == | == Before succession == | ||
| − | King Nangklao was born during the reign of King | + | King Nangklao was born during the reign of King Buddha Yodfa Chulalok, later known as [[Rama I]]. As the oldest grandson, he was named Tub ("live"). He was the oldest son of Prince Issarasundhorn (later King [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]] or Rama II) and Chao Chom Manda [[Riam]] (later KromSomdej Phra Srisulalai). |
| − | Prince Tub joined the army when his father and grandfather went to war with [[Burma]]. While in the military he was trained | + | Prince Tub joined the army when his father and grandfather went to war with [[Burma]]. While in the military he was trained to succeed as king. A week after his father became King the only surviving son of the former King [[Taksin]] who had been deposed in Prince Kasutranuchit revolted. Prince Tub led the Royal Police against Prince Kasutranuchit. After Prince Kasutranuchit was executed Prince Tub became known as Krommhean Jessadabodindra. |
== Succession == | == Succession == | ||
| − | When Prince Jessadabodindra was 37, King Rama II became seriously ill and died, without having named his successor. According to law of succession Prince Mongkut (later King [[Mongkut]]) should have became king because he was born from the queen consort of King Rama II. | + | When Prince Jessadabodindra was 37, King Rama II became seriously ill and died, without having named his successor. According to law of succession Prince Mongkut (later King [[Mongkut]]) should have became king because he was born from the queen consort of King Rama II. However, the older Prince Jessadabodindra was seen as a more appropriate choice, having ruled the Department of Royal Household, Treasury Department, Department of Foreign Affairs, Supreme Judicature, and ruled country in period when Rama II nearly died. After an assembly the house of nobility approved Prince Jessadabodindra as the 3rd King of Bangkok. Mongkut, passed over for the throne, took monastic vows. Some sources suggest that Mongkut thought his life in danger and so chose to retreat from politics. <ref>"King Mongkut of Siam: The Prince Who Became a Monk", Royalty.nu [http://www.royalty.nu/Asia/Thailand/Mongkut.html King Mongkut of Siam: The Prince Who Became a Monk] Retrieved October 8, 2007</ref> |
== Naming the reign == | == Naming the reign == | ||
| − | King Rama I | + | King [[Rama I]], founder of the Chakri dynasty, as the first king of the Bangkok period in Thailand's history became known as "the first king." His succussor King [[Rama II]] became known as "the middle king." In this naming system, Rama III would have been called "the last king," which was considered a bad omen and so was not used. Instead, Rama III renamed his predecessors Buddha Yodfa Chulalok and Buddha Loetla Nabhalai. His successor, [[Mongkut]] gave him the name Nangklao. |
== The Wealthy King == | == The Wealthy King == | ||
| − | During the 27-year reign of King Nangklao, trade between Siam and China became very prosperous. His royal | + | During the 27-year reign of King Nangklao, trade between Siam and China became very prosperous. His royal merchants constantly set sail for China, and became very profitable. Reputedly, Rama III kept his profits in red bags beside his bed, so his money became knownn as '''Red Bag Money'''. King Rama regarded the Red Bag Money as surety to buy land back if it were to fall to a foreign power. |
| − | == | + | == Rama III and Foreign Relations == |
| − | During Rama III's reign, Siam became a military power. It repulsed [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] invasions | + | During Rama III's reign, Siam became a military power. It repulsed [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] invasions. He also made inroads into [[Cambodia]] - and the country was partitioned between [[Vietnam]] and Siam. Rama III also overran [[Laos]] and ordered the destruction of [[Vientiane]] in 1827-1828. |
| + | |||
| + | In 1826, he negotiated a trade-treaty with the British, known as the Burney treaty after Henry Burney, the British negotiator. This treaty gave lumbering and mining concessions to Britain, in return for recognition of Thai independence. It also established commerical links between [[Singapore]] and the community of chinese merchants in Bangkok. The British, however, wanted more trading concessions, and pressured Rama III to grant these. He managed to resist, refusing to extend the provisions of the Burney Treaty when [[James Brook|Sir James Brook]] arrived in 1850 to press for a new treaty. | ||
== The Faithful King == | == The Faithful King == | ||
| − | + | Like his father and grandfather, Rama III was a devout and faithful follower of [[Buddhism]]. He built or repaired 50 temples, including the first Chinese style temple at [[Chom Thong (Bangkok)#Places|Rajaorasa]], the highest stupa at [[Wat Arun]], the Golden Mountain at Wat Sraket, the metal temple at [[Wat Ratchanadda]], and Chetupol Temple or [[Wat Pho]]. Wat Pho is the site of the first [[university]] in Thailand. He fed the poor on a daily basis. | |
| + | |||
| + | ==Death and Succession== | ||
| + | After a 26 year reign, King Nangklao was succeeded by his brother Prince [[Mongkut]]. Possibly aware of Mongkut's stong claim to the throne, Rama III chose not to name a successor, thus leaving it clear for his brother's succession. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Notes== | ||
| + | <reference/> | ||
| − | + | ==References== | |
{{s-start}} | {{s-start}} | ||
{{s-hou|Chakri Dynasty|31 March|1788|2 April|1851}} | {{s-hou|Chakri Dynasty|31 March|1788|2 April|1851}} | ||
| − | {{s-bef|before=[[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]}} | + | {{s-bef|before=[[Rama II|Buddha Loetla Nabhalai]]}} |
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Siam]] | {{s-ttl|title=[[King of Siam]] | ||
| − | |years= | + | |years=1824–1851}} |
| − | {{s-aft|after=[[Mongkut]]}} | + | {{s-aft|after=[[Rama IV|Mongkut]]}} |
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*http://www.thailandguidebook.com/provinces/bangkok.html | *http://www.thailandguidebook.com/provinces/bangkok.html | ||
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[[Category:Chakri Dynasty]] | [[Category:Chakri Dynasty]] | ||
[[Category:Thai monarchs]] | [[Category:Thai monarchs]] | ||
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[[war:Nangklao]] | [[war:Nangklao]] | ||
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{{Credit|160769997}} | {{Credit|160769997}} | ||
Revision as of 18:31, 8 October 2007
| Jessadabodindra (Rama III) | ||
|---|---|---|
| King of Siam | ||
| ||
| Reign | 21 July, 1824 – 2 April, 1851 | |
| Coronation | 21 July, 1824 | |
| Born | March 31 1788 | |
| Died | 2 April 1851 (aged 63) | |
| Predecessor | Buddha Loetla Nabhalai | |
| Successor | Mongkut | |
| Issue | 51 sons and daughters | |
| Father | Buddha Loetla Nabhalai | |
| Mother | Srisuralai | |
Nangklao (Rama III) or King Jessadabodindra (full royal name Prabath Somdej Pra Paramadhiwarasetha Maha Jessadabodindra Siammintarawirodom Borommadhammikkarajadhirat Boromanathbopitra Phra Nangklao Chaoyuhua; March 31, 1788 - April 2, 1851) third of the Chakri dynasty, was king of Siam from 1824 to 1851. He was selected as successor by an Assession Council because his younger brother, later Rama IV, was considered less suitable although born to a senior Queen. The future Rama IV took monastic vows as a Buddhist monk to avoid possible assassination.
Rama III was the last traditional monarch of Siam. Though his successors were also traditionalists, they started to modernize the kingdom. Rama III was king over the largest territory ever to be subject to Thai rule. He enterered a trade-treaty with Britain in 1826. His father had received two diplomatic missions from Singapore but no treaty had resulted. Rama III realized that unless he made some concesssions to the British, who had now entered Burma, they might simply take by forcewhat they failed to gain by peaceful means. He actually gave limited trade concessions but this was sufficient to cement a special relationship with the British that opened up Thailaind to trade while yielding none of her independence. Thai remained the only nation in Indochina that did not fall to one of the colonial powers. Instead, by negotiating with the British to the West and the French to the East, the Thai kings secured recognition as a neutral buffer zone.
Before succession
King Nangklao was born during the reign of King Buddha Yodfa Chulalok, later known as Rama I. As the oldest grandson, he was named Tub ("live"). He was the oldest son of Prince Issarasundhorn (later King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai or Rama II) and Chao Chom Manda Riam (later KromSomdej Phra Srisulalai).
Prince Tub joined the army when his father and grandfather went to war with Burma. While in the military he was trained to succeed as king. A week after his father became King the only surviving son of the former King Taksin who had been deposed in Prince Kasutranuchit revolted. Prince Tub led the Royal Police against Prince Kasutranuchit. After Prince Kasutranuchit was executed Prince Tub became known as Krommhean Jessadabodindra.
Succession
When Prince Jessadabodindra was 37, King Rama II became seriously ill and died, without having named his successor. According to law of succession Prince Mongkut (later King Mongkut) should have became king because he was born from the queen consort of King Rama II. However, the older Prince Jessadabodindra was seen as a more appropriate choice, having ruled the Department of Royal Household, Treasury Department, Department of Foreign Affairs, Supreme Judicature, and ruled country in period when Rama II nearly died. After an assembly the house of nobility approved Prince Jessadabodindra as the 3rd King of Bangkok. Mongkut, passed over for the throne, took monastic vows. Some sources suggest that Mongkut thought his life in danger and so chose to retreat from politics. [1]
Naming the reign
King Rama I, founder of the Chakri dynasty, as the first king of the Bangkok period in Thailand's history became known as "the first king." His succussor King Rama II became known as "the middle king." In this naming system, Rama III would have been called "the last king," which was considered a bad omen and so was not used. Instead, Rama III renamed his predecessors Buddha Yodfa Chulalok and Buddha Loetla Nabhalai. His successor, Mongkut gave him the name Nangklao.
The Wealthy King
During the 27-year reign of King Nangklao, trade between Siam and China became very prosperous. His royal merchants constantly set sail for China, and became very profitable. Reputedly, Rama III kept his profits in red bags beside his bed, so his money became knownn as Red Bag Money. King Rama regarded the Red Bag Money as surety to buy land back if it were to fall to a foreign power.
Rama III and Foreign Relations
During Rama III's reign, Siam became a military power. It repulsed Vietnamese invasions. He also made inroads into Cambodia - and the country was partitioned between Vietnam and Siam. Rama III also overran Laos and ordered the destruction of Vientiane in 1827-1828.
In 1826, he negotiated a trade-treaty with the British, known as the Burney treaty after Henry Burney, the British negotiator. This treaty gave lumbering and mining concessions to Britain, in return for recognition of Thai independence. It also established commerical links between Singapore and the community of chinese merchants in Bangkok. The British, however, wanted more trading concessions, and pressured Rama III to grant these. He managed to resist, refusing to extend the provisions of the Burney Treaty when Sir James Brook arrived in 1850 to press for a new treaty.
The Faithful King
Like his father and grandfather, Rama III was a devout and faithful follower of Buddhism. He built or repaired 50 temples, including the first Chinese style temple at Rajaorasa, the highest stupa at Wat Arun, the Golden Mountain at Wat Sraket, the metal temple at Wat Ratchanadda, and Chetupol Temple or Wat Pho. Wat Pho is the site of the first university in Thailand. He fed the poor on a daily basis.
Death and Succession
After a 26 year reign, King Nangklao was succeeded by his brother Prince Mongkut. Possibly aware of Mongkut's stong claim to the throne, Rama III chose not to name a successor, thus leaving it clear for his brother's succession.
Notes
<reference/>
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
| Chakri Dynasty Born: 31 March 1788; Died: 2 April 1851 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by: Buddha Loetla Nabhalai |
King of Siam 1824–1851 |
Succeeded by: Mongkut |
External links
war:Nangklao
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- ↑ "King Mongkut of Siam: The Prince Who Became a Monk", Royalty.nu King Mongkut of Siam: The Prince Who Became a Monk Retrieved October 8, 2007
