Difference between revisions of "Grinding machine" - New World Encyclopedia

Latest revision as of 00:16, 8 January 2024

A surface grinder.

A grinding machine is a machine tool equipped with an abrasive wheel used for producing fine finishes or making light cuts on metals and other materials. There are various types of grinding machines. Their wheels, which differ in size and grain, are made up of a variety of stones, diamonds, and other inorganic materials. These machines are useful for roughing and finishing operations on tools and other equipment.

Construction

The grinding machine consists of a power-driven grinding wheel and a bed with a fixture to guide and hold the workpiece. The wheel is made to spin at the desired speed, based on the wheel’s diameter and manufacturer’s rating, usually by a formula. The grinding head can be controlled to travel across a fixed workpiece, or the workpiece can be moved whilst the grinding head stays in a fixed position. Very fine control of the grinding head or table position is feasible using a vernier calibrated hand wheel, or using the features of numerical control (NC) or computer numerical control (CNC).

Grinding machines remove material from the workpiece by abrasion, which can generate substantial amounts of heat. They therefore incorporate a coolant to cool the workpiece so that it does not overheat and exceed its tolerance range. The coolant also benefits the machinist, as the heat generated may cause burns in some cases. In very high-precision grinding machines (such as most cylindrical and surface grinders), the final grinding stages are usually set up to remove about 2/10000 millimeter (less than 1/100000 inch) of the workpiece surface per pass. This process generates such little heat that the temperature rise is negligible even without a coolant.

Types of grinders

There are various types of grinding machines. They include:

Belt grinder: It is usually used as a way to process metals and other materials with the aid of coated abrasives. (Sanding is the machining of wood; grinding is the common name for machining metals.) Belt grinding is a versatile process suitable for all kind of applications, such as finishing, deburring, and stock removal.
Bench grinder: This machine, secured to a workbench, usually has two wheels of different grain sizes for roughing and finishing operations. It is used for shaping tool bits or various tools that need to be made or repaired. Bench grinders are manually operated.
Cylindrical grinder (including the centerless grinder): A cylindrical grinder may have multiple grinding wheels. The workpiece is rotated and fed past the wheel(s) to form a cylinder. It is used to make precision rods.
Surface grinder (including the wash grinder): A surface grinder has a "head" that is lowered, and the workpiece is moved back and forth past the grinding wheel on a table that has a permanent magnet for use with magnetic stock. Surface grinders can be manually operated or have CNC controls.
Tool and Cutter grinder, and the D-bit grinder: These machines usually perform the minor function of the drill bit grinder or other specialist toolroom grinding operations.
Jig grinder: As the name implies, it has a variety of uses for finishing jigs, dies, and fixtures. Its primary function is in the realm of grinding holes and pins. It can also be used for complex surface grinding to finish work started on a mill.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Altintas, Yusuf. 2000. Manufacturing Automation: Metal Cutting Mechanics, Machine Tool Vibrations, and CNC Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521659736.
Krar, Stephen F. 1995. Grinding Technology. Albany: Delmar Publishers. ISBN 0827363907.
Malkin, Stephen, and Changsheng Guo. 2007. Grinding Technology: The Way Things Can Work: Theory and Applications of Machining with Abrasives. 2nd ed. New York: Industrial Press. ISBN 978-0831132477.
Repp, Victor E. 1999. Grinding technology. Fort Washington, MD: National Tooling and Machining Association. ISBN 0910399158.

Credits

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Grinding machine ^history

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History of "Grinding machine"

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Claimed}}
+{{Copyedited}}{{Paid}}{{Images OK}}{{Submitted}}{{Approved}}
-[[Image:Rotating grinder.gif|frame|right|Rotating abrasive wheel on a bench grinder.]]
+[[Image:SurfaceGrinder-Proth-insetMagChuck.jpg|thumb|right|A surface grinder.]]
-A '''grinding machine''' is a [[machine tool]] used for producing very fine finishes or making very light cuts, using an [[grinding wheel|abrasive wheel]] as the cutting device. This wheel can be made up of various sizes and types of stones, [[diamond]]s or of [[inorganic]] materials. For machines used to reduce particle size in materials processing see [[grinding]].
+A '''grinding machine''' is a [[machine tool]] equipped with an [[grinding wheel|abrasive wheel]] used for producing fine finishes or making light cuts on [[metal]]s and other materials. There are various types of grinding machines. Their wheels, which differ in size and grain, are made up of a variety of stones, [[diamond]]s, and other [[inorganic]] materials. These machines are useful for roughing and finishing operations on [[tool]]s and other equipment.
 ==Construction==
-The grinding machine consists of a power driven grinding wheel spinning at the required speed (which is determined by the wheel’s diameter and manufacturer’s rating, usually by a formula) and a bed with a fixture to guide and hold the work-piece. The grinding head can be controlled to travel across a fixed work piece or the workpiece can be moved whilst the grind head stays in a fixed position. Very fine control of the grinding head or tables position is possible using a [[Vernier scale|vernier]] calibrated hand wheel, or using the features of [[Numerical control|NC]] or [[CNC]] controls.
-Grinding machines remove material from the workpiece by abrasion, which can generate substantial amounts of [[heat]]; they therefore incorporate a [[cutting fluid|coolant]] to cool the workpiece so that it does not overheat and go outside its [[tolerance (engineering)|tolerance]]. The coolant also benefits the machinist as the heat generated may cause burns in some cases. In very high-precision grinding machines (most cylindrical and surface grinders) the final grinding stages are usually set up so that they remove about 2/10000mm (less than 1/100000 in) per pass - this generates so little heat that even with no coolant, the temperature rise is negligible.
+The grinding machine consists of a power-driven grinding wheel and a bed with a fixture to guide and hold the workpiece. The wheel is made to spin at the desired speed, based on the wheel’s diameter and manufacturer’s rating, usually by a formula. The grinding head can be controlled to travel across a fixed workpiece, or the workpiece can be moved whilst the grinding head stays in a fixed position. Very fine control of the grinding head or table position is feasible using a [[Vernier scale|vernier]] calibrated hand wheel, or using the features of [[numerical control]] (NC) or [[computer numerical control]] (CNC).
+Grinding machines remove material from the workpiece by abrasion, which can generate substantial amounts of [[heat]]. They therefore incorporate a [[cutting fluid|coolant]] to cool the workpiece so that it does not overheat and exceed its [[tolerance (engineering)|tolerance]] range. The coolant also benefits the machinist, as the heat generated may cause burns in some cases. In very high-precision grinding machines (such as most cylindrical and surface grinders), the final grinding stages are usually set up to remove about 2/10000 millimeter (less than 1/100000 inch) of the workpiece surface per pass. This process generates such little heat that the [[temperature]] rise is negligible even without a coolant.
 ==Types of grinders==
-These machines include the
-* [[Belt grinder]], which is usually used as a machining method to process metals and other materials, with the aid of coated abrasives. Sanding is the machining of wood; grinding is the common name for machining metals. [[Belt grinding]] is a versatile process suitable for all kind of applications like finishing, deburring, and [[stock removal]]
-* [[Bench grinder]], which usually has two wheels of different grain sizes for roughing and finishing operations and is secured to a workbench. It is used for shaping tool bits or various tools that need to be made or repaired. Bench grinders are manually operated.
-* [[Cylindrical grinder]] which includes the '''centerless grinder'''.  A cylindrical grinder may have multiple grinding wheels. The workpiece is rotated and fed past the wheel/s to form a cylinder. It is used to make precision rods.
-* [[Surface grinder]] which includes the '''wash grinder'''.  A surface grinder has a "head" which is lowered, and the workpiece is moved back and forth past the grinding wheel on a table that has a permanent magnet for use with magnetic stock. Surface grinders can be manually operated or have CNC controls.
-* [[Tool and Cutter grinder]] and the '''D-bit grinder'''. These usually can perform the minor function of the '''drill bit''' grinder, or other specialist toolroom grinding operations.
-* [[Jig grinder]], which as the name implies, has a variety of uses when finishing jigs, dies, and fixtures.  It's primary function is in the realm of grinding holes and pins.  It can also be used for complex surface grinding to finish work started on a mill.
-==Grinders In Pop-Culture==
+There are various types of grinding machines. They include:
-In Cheese Games and West Games popular Arcade Game, You are a character trying to grab 4 targets, if you fail, you get sucked into the grinder.
+* [[Belt grinder]]: It is usually used as a way to process metals and other materials with the aid of coated abrasives. (Sanding is the machining of wood; grinding is the common name for machining metals.) [[Belt grinding]] is a versatile process suitable for all kind of applications, such as finishing, deburring, and [[stock removal]].
+* [[Bench grinder]]: This machine, secured to a workbench, usually has two wheels of different grain sizes for roughing and finishing operations. It is used for shaping tool bits or various tools that need to be made or repaired. Bench grinders are manually operated.
+* [[Cylindrical grinder]] (including the ''centerless grinder''): A cylindrical grinder may have multiple grinding wheels. The workpiece is rotated and fed past the wheel(s) to form a cylinder. It is used to make precision rods.
+* [[Surface grinder]] (including the ''wash grinder''): A surface grinder has a "head" that is lowered, and the workpiece is moved back and forth past the grinding wheel on a table that has a permanent magnet for use with magnetic stock. Surface grinders can be manually operated or have CNC controls.
+* [[Tool and Cutter grinder]], and the ''D-bit grinder'': These machines usually perform the minor function of the '''drill bit''' grinder or other specialist toolroom grinding operations.
+* [[Jig grinder]]: As the name implies, it has a variety of uses for finishing jigs, dies, and fixtures. Its primary function is in the realm of grinding holes and pins. It can also be used for complex surface grinding to finish work started on a mill.
 ==See also==
-*Contrast these machines against [[Angle grinder]] and [[Buffing machine]].
-*[[Fabrication and testing (optical components)]]
+* [[Abrasive]]
-*[[Diamond tools]]
+* [[Diamond]]
+* [[Machine]]
 == References ==
- <<This article needs at least 3 reliable references, correctly formatted.>>
-==External Links==
-*[http://www.diamond—blades.com/diamond-tools.htm Diamond Tools] Information
-*[http://www.grobi.no Grobi grinding machines] Manufacturer site
-{{Metalworking - Grinding and lapping}}
+* Altintas, Yusuf. 2000. ''Manufacturing Automation: Metal Cutting Mechanics, Machine Tool Vibrations, and CNC Design.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521659736.
+* Krar, Stephen F. 1995. ''Grinding Technology''. Albany: Delmar Publishers. ISBN 0827363907.
+* Malkin, Stephen, and Changsheng Guo. 2007. ''Grinding Technology: The Way Things Can Work: Theory and Applications of Machining with Abrasives''. 2nd ed. New York: Industrial Press. ISBN 978-0831132477.
+* Repp, Victor E. 1999. ''Grinding technology.'' Fort Washington, MD: National Tooling and Machining Association. ISBN 0910399158.
 [[Category:Physical sciences]]
-[[Category:Power tools]]
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