Clare of Assisi
| Saint Claire of Assisi | |
|---|---|
 Simone Martini, detail depicting Saint Clare from a fresco (1312–20) in the Lower basilica of San Francesco, Assisi | |
| Confessor | |
| Born | July 16, 1194 in Assisi, Italy |
| Died | August 11, 1253 in Assisi, Italy |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church |
| Canonized | September 26, 1255
by Pope Alexander IV |
| Major shrine | Basilica of St. Claire |
| Feast | August 11 (alternates: August 12, September 23, October 3) |
| Attributes | monstrance, pyx |
| Patronage | clairvoyance, eyes, eye disease, goldsmith, laundry, embrodiers, gilders, gold, good weather, needleworkers, Santa Clara Pueblo, telephones, telegraphs, television |
Saint Clare of Assisi, born Chiara Offreduccio, (July 16, 1194 – August 11, 1253) was one of the first followers of Francis of Assisi and founded the Order of Poor Ladies to organize the women who chose to embrace monastic life in the Franciscan vision.
Early Life
Clare was born in Assisi, Italy, in 1194 as the eldest daughter of Favorino Scifi, Count of Sasso-Rosso and his wife Ortolana. Ortolana was a very devout woman who had undertaken pilgrimages to Rome, Santiago de Compostela and the Holy Land. Later on in her life, Ortolana entered Chiara's monastery.[1] In 1210, Clare heard Francis preaching in the streets of Assisi about his new mendicant order (then newly-approved by Pope Innocent III) and was moved by his words. On March 20, 1212, Clare left her home to follow Francis, who received her into religious life. She had their hair cut short and put on rough tunics to indicate her acceptance of the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, and stayed first with a nearby monastery of Benedictine nuns, San Paolo delle Abadesse and then into the community of Sant'Angelo in Panza on Mont Subasio. Her sister Agnes of Assisi also left her parents and followed her to Sant'Angelo. [2] Later, Clare and Agnes moved to San Damiano, where they founded the Order of Poor Ladies (also then known as the Order of San Damiano).
Monastic Life
Unlike the Franciscan order, whose members moved around the country to preach, Saint Clare's sisters lived in enclosure, since an itinerant life was hardly conceivable at the time for women. Their life consisted of manual labor [3] and prayer.
After a time when the order was directed by Francis himself [4], in 1216, Clare accepted the role of abbess at San Damiano which gave her order greater autonomy than the title of a prioress, who had to follow the orders of a priest heading the community. [5] As abbess, she defended her order from the attempts of prelates to impose a rule on them that more closely resembled the Rule of St Benedict than Francis' stricter vows. Clare also played a significant role in encouraging and aiding Francis, whom she saw as a spiritual father figure: she took care of him during his illnesses at the end of his life, until his death in 1226.
After Francis's death, Clare continued to promote the growth of her order, writing letters to abbesses in other parts of Europe and thwarting every attempt by each successive Pope to impose a Rule on her order which watered down the radical commitment to corporate poverty she had originally embraced. She did this despite the fact that she had endured a long period of poor health until her death.
Claire's words
- Go forth in peace, for you have followed the good road. Go forth without fear, for he who created you has made you holy, has always protected you, and loves you as a mother. Blessed be you, my God, for having created me.
- He Christ is the splendor of eternal glory, "the brightness of eternal light, and the mirror without cloud."
- Behold, I say, the birth of this mirror. Behold Christ's poverty even as he was laid in the manger and wrapped in swaddling clothes. What wondrous humility, what marvelous poverty! The King of angels, the Lord of heaven and earth resting in a manger! Look more deeply into the mirror and meditate on his humility, or simply on his poverty. Behold the many labors and sufferings he endured to redeem the human race. Then, in the depths of this very mirror, ponder his unspeakable love which caused him to suffer on the wood of the cross and to endure the most shameful kind of death. The mirror himself, from his position on the cross, warned passers-by to weigh carefully this act, as he said: "All of you who pass by this way, behold and see if there is any sorrow like mine." Let us answer his cries and lamentations with one voice and one spirit: "I will be mindful and remember, and my soul will be consumed within me." from a letter to Blessed Agnes of Prague
Legacy
She is known for her loyalty to Saint Francis, so much so that she was sometimes titled alter Franciscus, another Francis. [6]
On August 9, 1253, the Papal bull Solet annure of Pope Innocent IV confirmed that Clare's Rule would serve as the governing rule for the Order of Poor Ladies. Two days later, on August 11, Clare died at the age of 59.
Pope Innocent IV wrote these words of Claire:
- O wondrous blessed clarity of Clare! In life she shone to a few;
- After death she shines on the whole world! On earth she was a clear light;
- Now in heaven she is a brilliant sun.
- O how great the vehemence of the brilliance of this clarity!
- On earth this light was indeed kept within cloistered walls,
- Yet shed abroad its shining rays; It was confined within a convent cell,
- Yet spread itself through the wide world. [7]
On August 15, 1255, Pope Alexander IV canonized Clare as St. Clare of Assisi. In 1263, Pope Urban IV officially changed the name of the Order of Poor Ladies to the Order of Saint Clare.
On February 17, 1958, Pope Pius XII designated her as the patron saint of television, on the basis that, when she was too ill to attend a Mass, she had been miraculously able to see and hear it on the wall of her room. The Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN) was founded by Mother Angelica, a Poor Clare.
In art, she is shown carrying a monstrance or pyx, in commemoration of the time when she warded away attackers at the gates of her convent by raising the Blessed Sacrament over the wall.
Lake Saint Clair and the Saint Clair River in the Great Lakes region of North America were named on her feast day August 12, 1679. Since 1970, her feast day has been the date of her death August 11 in the revised liturgical calendar. Although her body is no longer incorrupt, her skeleton was found to be in a perfect state of preservation and is displayed in Assisi.
Notes
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- De Robeck, Nesta. St. Claire of Assisi. The Bruce Publishing Co., 1951. ASIN B000I5OFW6
- Flinders, Carol Lee. Enduring Grace:Living Portraits of Seven Women Mystics. HarperSanFrancisco, 1993. ISBN 0-06-062645-3
- Ledoux, Claire Marie, and Colette Joly Dees. Clare of Assisi: Her Spirituality Revealed in Her Letters. Saint Anthony Messenger Press and Franciscan, 2002. ISBN 978-0867163681
- Nugent, Madelaine Pecor. Clare and Her Sisters:Lovers of the Poor Christ. Pauline Books and Media, 2003. ISBN 0-8198-1561-6
- The Ministers General, author, Raymond Falzon, illus. Claire of Assisi. Franciscan Publishers, 1993. ASIN B000FNAEMG
External links
- Bartoli, Marco. Chiara d'Assisi. Instituto Storico dei Cappucini, Rome, 1989.
- St. Clare of Assisi in Catholic Encyclopedia. www.newadvent.org. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- Convent of the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration in Bautzen (German). www.netzwerk-eucharistie.de.vu. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- St. Clare of Assisi. www.catholic.org. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- Musical Theatre about St. Francis and St. Clare of Assisi. www.mirrorsforeternity.com. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- Saint Clare of Assisi in Patron Saints Index. www.catholic-forum.com. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
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