Cary Grant

Cary Grant
Cary Grant as seen in North By Northwest.
Birth name:	Archibald Alexander Leach
Date of birth:	January 18 1904
Birth location:	Bristol, England, UK
Date of death:	November 29 1986
Death location:	Davenport, Iowa, USA
Academy Awards:	1970 Lifetime Achievement Award

Archibald Alexander Leach (January 18 1904 – November 29 1986), better known by his screen name, Cary Grant, was an English film actor. With his distinctive Mid-Atlantic accent, he was noted as perhaps the foremost exemplar of the debonair leading man, not only handsome, but also witty and charming. He was named the second Greatest Male Star of All Time of American cinema by the American Film Institute. When he was awarded his Oscar for Life Time Achievement, it was in recognition of his all round brilliance. For many, he was the quintessential urbanc and sophisticated man, although he began his career as a dancer and occassional juggler. He acted so efforlessly that some have suggested that he did not receive an Oscar during his screen career simply because he made it look so easy! While he was unlucky in his personal life, his on-screen persona gave pleasure to millions. Describing his own life as a 'glorious adventure', he spoke of accepting responsibilty for his own mistakes [1] rather than blaming others. The lesson that he learnt from his own career as a popular and much admired actor was that, in the end, acquisition of wealth and fame is no substitute for love, 'the ability to fully love or to be fully loved'. He did not enjoy speaking in public about his private life. Yet when he did reflect in public about his personal affairs, he did so with honesty and candor. His recognition that he acted because he craved for love is a sad reminder that too many of those who give us pleasure on the screen have a similar and often unfulfilled hunger. The film industry sometimes comes close to destroying the lives of the people from whom it earns so much profit.

Early Life

Archibald Leach was born in Horfield, Bristol, England. An only child (before he was born his parents had had another son who died in infancy), Leach had a confused and unhappy childhood. His only true enjoyment in life was the Saturday afternoon movies. He dreamed of being on stage and having his name in lights.

His mother, Elsie, was placed in a mental institution when he was nine. His father told him that she was dead, and he only learned in 1935 that she was still alive, in an institution. This left Leach with an insecurity in his relations with women and a secretiveness about his inner life. These insecurities, by his own admission, led him to crave applause and attention and to create a new persona that would attract it. He had difficulty in school and eventually in 1918, he joined the Bob Pender stage troupe.

He traveled with the troupe to the United States in 1920 for a two-year tour. When the troupe returned to England, Leach decided to stay in the United States and continue his stage career. Still as Archie Leach, he performed on the stage at The Muny in St. Louis, Missouri, in such shows as Irene (1931); Music in May (1931); Nina Rosa (1931); Rio Rita (1931); Street Singer (1931); The Three Musketeers (1931); and Wonderful Night (1931).

Hollywood Career

After some success in light Broadway comedies, he came to Hollywood in 1931, where he acquired the name Cary Grant.

Grant starred in some of the classic screwball comedies, including The Awful Truth with Irene Dunne, Bringing Up Baby with Katharine Hepburn, His Girl Friday with Rosalind Russell and Arsenic and Old Lace with Priscilla Lane. These performances solidified his appeal, and The Philadelphia Story, with Hepburn and James Stewart, presented his best-known screen role: the charming if sometimes unreliable man, formerly married to an intelligent and strong-willed woman who first divorced him, then realized that he was — with all his faults — irresistible.

Grant was one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for several decades. He was a versatile actor, who did demanding physical comedy in movies like Gunga Din with the skills he had learned on the stage. Howard Hawks said that Grant was "so far the best that there isn't anybody to be compared to him". Grant was a favorite actor of Alfred Hitchcock, notorious for disliking actors, who said that Grant was "the only actor I ever loved in my whole life". Grant appeared in such Hitchcock classics as Suspicion, Notorious, To Catch a Thief and North by Northwest.

He could also be generous and gave his entire salary for Arsenic and Old Lace (1944) ($100,000) to the U.S. War Relief Fund.

Personal Life

Grant's first wife was actress Virginia Cherrill. They married on February 10, 1934, and divorced just over a year later on March 26, 1935.

After becoming a naturalized United States citizen in 1942, he married wealthy socialite Barbara Hutton, becoming a surrogate father and lifelong influence on her son, Lance Reventlow. When he and Hutton divorced in 1945, Grant refused to accept a money settlement from her and they remained friends. Grant remained close to Lance often referring to him as his son and was devastated when he was killed in a plane crash.

Grant's third wife was actress and writer Betsy Drake. This was his longest marriage (December 25, 1949 - August 14, 1962).

His fourth marriage, to actress Dyan Cannon, on July 22, 1965, in Las Vegas, resulted in the birth of his only child, Jennifer, when he was 62. The marriage was troubled from the beginning (Grant was 61 and Cannon was 28), and they separated within 18 months. The divorce, finalized on May 28, 1967, was bitter and messy, and the custody disputes over their daughter went on for years.

Grant married British hotel PR agent Barbara Harris (47 years his junior), on April 11, 1981, a marriage which lasted until his death.

Grant did not enjoy talking about his private life. However, in his Autobiography he gives deep insight into his own psychology, including his life-long desire to love and to be loved, thus:

I probably chose my profession because I was seeking approval, adulation, admiration and affection: each a degree of love. Perhaps no child ever feels the recipient of enough love to satisfy him or her. Oh, how we secretly yearn for it, yet openly

defend against it [2].

Later in Life

In the mid-1950s, Grant formed his own production company, Grantley Productions, and produced a number of movies distributed by Universal, such as Operation Petticoat, Indiscreet, That Touch Of Mink, and Father Goose.

While Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards in the 1940s, he was denied the Oscar throughout his active career as he was considered a maverick by virtue of the fact that he was the first actor to "go independent," effectively bucking the old studio system, which pretty much completely controlled what an actor could or could not do. In this way, Grant was able to control every aspect of his career. The cost was no golden statuette during his active career. Grant finally received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1970. In 1981, he received the Kennedy Center Honors.

In the last few years of his life, Grant undertook tours of the United States with "A Conversation with Cary Grant", in which he would show clips from his films and answer audience questions. It was just before one of these performances, in Davenport, Iowa, on November 29, 1986, that Grant suffered a stroke, and died in the hospital a few hours later.

He also took part in an experimental psychotherapy program during which he was prescribed LSD. He was encouraged to reflect on his failed marriage during the 100 experimental sessions. His Autobiography [3] tells us that he found this beneficial and says that he blamed himself, not Hollywood.

Legacy

Statue of Cary Grant in Millennium Square, Bristol, England.

In November 2004 Grant was named "The Greatest Movie Star of All Time" by Premiere Magazine. [4]

Ian Fleming stated that he partially had Cary Grant in mind when he created his suave super-spy, James Bond. Sean Connery was selected for the first James Bond movie because of his likeness to Grant. Likewise, the later Bond, Roger Moore, was also selected for sharing Grant's wry sense of humor.

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Eliot, Marc. Cary Grant: A Biography NY: Harmony Books, 2004 ISBN 140005026X
• Higham, Charles and Moseley, Roy. Cary Grant: The Lonely Heart Stamford, CT: Thompson Learning, 1997, ISBN 0151157871
• Johansson, Warren & Percy, William A. Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence. San Francisco, CA : Harrington Park Press, 1994, pp.146-7.
• McCann, Graham. Cary Grant: A Class Apart NY: Columbia University Press, 1996 ISBN 0231108842
• Morcambe, Gary and Sterling, Martin. Cary Grant: In Name Alone London: Robson Books, 2001, ISBN 1861054661
• Nelson, Nancy. Evenings With Cary Grant: Recollections in His Own Words and by Those Who Knew Him Best, NY: Citadel Press, 2002.
• Russo, Vito. The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies NY: Harrow & Row, 1987, ISBN 0-06-096132-5
• Wansell, Geoffrey. Cary Grant: Dark Angel NY: Arcade, 1997, ISBN 1-55970-369-5

External links

• Carygrant.net — fan site with filmography and an autobiography, etc.
• "The Man From Dream City" by Pauline Kael
• Biography of Cary Grant by cosmopolis.ch
• "Cary Grant: Style as a Martial Art" by Wu Ming
• Crème de la Crème: Cary Grant

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