Difference between revisions of "Lincoln Tunnel" - New World Encyclopedia
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The '''Lincoln Tunnel''' is a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) long [[tunnel]] under the [[Hudson River]], connecting [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]], [[New Jersey]] and the [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. | The '''Lincoln Tunnel''' is a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) long [[tunnel]] under the [[Hudson River]], connecting [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]], [[New Jersey]] and the [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. | ||
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| + | Linking midtown Manhattan (at West Thirty-Ninth Street) and central New Jersey (in Weehawken), the Lincoln Tunnel provided a key element for the mid-twentieth-century expansion of the inter-state metropolitan region centered in New York City. New York City Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and powerful political leader Robert Moses identified the project as part of a regional development plan and as a depression-era source of employment. By allowing for more car and bus traffic, the Lincoln Tunnel (along with the Holland Tunnel, opened in 1927, and the George Washington Bridge, opened in 1931) reduced residents' dependency on commuter railroads and ferries and promoted the automobile as a central factor in the region's growth. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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A third tube was proposed by the Port Authority, but initially opposed by the City of New York, which was trying to get the Port Authority to help pay for the road improvements that the City would need to handle the additional traffic. A compromise was worked out, and the third tunnel was finally completed in May 1957. | A third tube was proposed by the Port Authority, but initially opposed by the City of New York, which was trying to get the Port Authority to help pay for the road improvements that the City would need to handle the additional traffic. A compromise was worked out, and the third tunnel was finally completed in May 1957. | ||
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| + | Construction of the first tube of the three-tube tunnel under the Hudson River began on 17 May 1934. Workers confronted claustrophobic and dangerous conditions, including floods and high pressures in a work zone as deep as ninety-seven feet below the river's surface. The first tube opened on 22 December 1937. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey responded to increasing traffic by opening a second tunnel in 1945 and a third in 1957. The total cost of the structure reached $75 million. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Port Authority reported that nearly 21 million vehicles used the tunnel annually, making it the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world. | ||
==Traffic== | ==Traffic== | ||
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The tunnel carries about 120,000 vehicles per day, making it one of the busiest vehicular tunnels in the world. The ''XBL'' is by far the busiest and most productive [[bus lane]] in the [[United States]]. The lane operates weekday mornings between 6:15 and 10:00 a.m., accommodating approximately 1,700 [[buses]] and 62,000 [[commuters]], mainly to the [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.panynj.gov/CommutingTravel/tunnels/pdfs/01_09_XBL-II_nwslttr_285fri.pdf | accessdate=2007-04-28 | title=Lincoln Tunnel Exclusive Bus Lane Enhancement Study}}</ref> The ''XBL'' carries more trans-Hudson commuter trips into midtown Manhattan each day than any other mode, including commuter rail into [[Pennsylvania_Station_(New_York_City)|Penn Station]]. | The tunnel carries about 120,000 vehicles per day, making it one of the busiest vehicular tunnels in the world. The ''XBL'' is by far the busiest and most productive [[bus lane]] in the [[United States]]. The lane operates weekday mornings between 6:15 and 10:00 a.m., accommodating approximately 1,700 [[buses]] and 62,000 [[commuters]], mainly to the [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.panynj.gov/CommutingTravel/tunnels/pdfs/01_09_XBL-II_nwslttr_285fri.pdf | accessdate=2007-04-28 | title=Lincoln Tunnel Exclusive Bus Lane Enhancement Study}}</ref> The ''XBL'' carries more trans-Hudson commuter trips into midtown Manhattan each day than any other mode, including commuter rail into [[Pennsylvania_Station_(New_York_City)|Penn Station]]. | ||
| − | == | + | ==Crimes in the tunnel== |
Shortly after noon on September 8, 1953, two armed men, Peter Simon and John Metcalf, attempted to rob a home in [[South Orange, New Jersey]]. The men were driven off by the residents, one of whom reported the license plate on their car to the police, who put out an alert. A patrolman, Nicholas Falabella, noticed the car just as it passed the toll booth and ordered the driver to stop the vehicle. The driver sped off into the tunnel, firing at the police. A Port Authority policeman, Donald Lackmun, was hit in the leg. The police commandeered a delivery truck and gave chase, exchanging gun fire with the renegade car while weaving in and out of traffic. In all 28 shots were fired, ten by the gunmen and 18 by the police. The vehicle came to a stop about three fourths of the way through the tunnel. Simon was hit in the head.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two Seized in 28-Shot Battle With Police in Lincoln Tube |publisher=New York Times |date=September 9, 1953}}</ref> | Shortly after noon on September 8, 1953, two armed men, Peter Simon and John Metcalf, attempted to rob a home in [[South Orange, New Jersey]]. The men were driven off by the residents, one of whom reported the license plate on their car to the police, who put out an alert. A patrolman, Nicholas Falabella, noticed the car just as it passed the toll booth and ordered the driver to stop the vehicle. The driver sped off into the tunnel, firing at the police. A Port Authority policeman, Donald Lackmun, was hit in the leg. The police commandeered a delivery truck and gave chase, exchanging gun fire with the renegade car while weaving in and out of traffic. In all 28 shots were fired, ten by the gunmen and 18 by the police. The vehicle came to a stop about three fourths of the way through the tunnel. Simon was hit in the head.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two Seized in 28-Shot Battle With Police in Lincoln Tube |publisher=New York Times |date=September 9, 1953}}</ref> | ||
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*In the 2003 film ''[[Elf]]'' lead character [[Will Ferrel]] walks through the Lincoln Tunnel to get to [[New York City]]. | *In the 2003 film ''[[Elf]]'' lead character [[Will Ferrel]] walks through the Lincoln Tunnel to get to [[New York City]]. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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*[http://www.panynj.gov/CommutingTravel/tunnels/pdfs/01_09_XBL-II_nwslttr_285fri.pdf ''XBL'' Exclusive Bus Lane Enhancement Study] | *[http://www.panynj.gov/CommutingTravel/tunnels/pdfs/01_09_XBL-II_nwslttr_285fri.pdf ''XBL'' Exclusive Bus Lane Enhancement Study] | ||
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[[Category:nations and places]] | [[Category:nations and places]] | ||
{{credit|126650229}} | {{credit|126650229}} | ||
Revision as of 13:37, 29 June 2007
| Lincoln Tunnel | |
| Carries | 6 lanes of NJ 495/NY 495 |
|---|---|
| Crosses | Hudson River |
| Locale | Weehawken, New Jersey and Manhattan in New York City |
| Maintained by | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |
| Total length | 2,280 meters (7,482 feet) (North Tube) 2,504 meters (8,216 feet) (Center Tube) 2,440 meters (8,006 feet) (South Tube) |
| Width | 6.55 meters (21.5 feet) |
| Vertical clearance | 3.96 meters (13 feet) |
| AADT | 120,000 |
| Opening date | December 22, 1937 (Center Tube) February 1, 1945 (North Tube) May 25, 1957 (South Tube) |
| Toll | $6.00 (eastbound) (E-ZPass) |
| |
The Lincoln Tunnel is a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) long tunnel under the Hudson River, connecting Weehawken, New Jersey and the borough of Manhattan in New York City.
Linking midtown Manhattan (at West Thirty-Ninth Street) and central New Jersey (in Weehawken), the Lincoln Tunnel provided a key element for the mid-twentieth-century expansion of the inter-state metropolitan region centered in New York City. New York City Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and powerful political leader Robert Moses identified the project as part of a regional development plan and as a depression-era source of employment. By allowing for more car and bus traffic, the Lincoln Tunnel (along with the Holland Tunnel, opened in 1927, and the George Washington Bridge, opened in 1931) reduced residents' dependency on commuter railroads and ferries and promoted the automobile as a central factor in the region's growth.
History
The tunnel was designed by Ole Singstad and construction began on the first tube in 1934. It opened to traffic in 1937, charging $0.50 per passenger car. The costs of construction were about $80 million. Omero C. Catan, a salesman from Manhattan, drove the first car through the tunnel, after waiting in line for 30 hours.
The original design called for two tubes. Work on the second was halted in 1938 but resumed in 1941. Due to war material shortages of metal, completion was delayed for two years. It opened on February 1, 1945 at a cost of $80 million, with Michael Catan, brother of Omero, selected to be the first to lead the public through the tube.[1]
A third tube was proposed by the Port Authority, but initially opposed by the City of New York, which was trying to get the Port Authority to help pay for the road improvements that the City would need to handle the additional traffic. A compromise was worked out, and the third tunnel was finally completed in May 1957.
Construction of the first tube of the three-tube tunnel under the Hudson River began on 17 May 1934. Workers confronted claustrophobic and dangerous conditions, including floods and high pressures in a work zone as deep as ninety-seven feet below the river's surface. The first tube opened on 22 December 1937. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey responded to increasing traffic by opening a second tunnel in 1945 and a third in 1957. The total cost of the structure reached $75 million. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Port Authority reported that nearly 21 million vehicles used the tunnel annually, making it the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world.
Traffic
The three tubes carry six traffic lanes in total. During the morning rush hour one traffic lane called the XBL is used exclusively by buses. The New Jersey approach roadway, locally known as the Helix or "the Corkscrew," spirals in a full circle before arriving at the toll booths in front of the tunnel portals.
The tunnel carries about 120,000 vehicles per day, making it one of the busiest vehicular tunnels in the world. The XBL is by far the busiest and most productive bus lane in the United States. The lane operates weekday mornings between 6:15 and 10:00 a.m., accommodating approximately 1,700 buses and 62,000 commuters, mainly to the Port Authority Bus Terminal.[2] The XBL carries more trans-Hudson commuter trips into midtown Manhattan each day than any other mode, including commuter rail into Penn Station.
Crimes in the tunnel
Shortly after noon on September 8, 1953, two armed men, Peter Simon and John Metcalf, attempted to rob a home in South Orange, New Jersey. The men were driven off by the residents, one of whom reported the license plate on their car to the police, who put out an alert. A patrolman, Nicholas Falabella, noticed the car just as it passed the toll booth and ordered the driver to stop the vehicle. The driver sped off into the tunnel, firing at the police. A Port Authority policeman, Donald Lackmun, was hit in the leg. The police commandeered a delivery truck and gave chase, exchanging gun fire with the renegade car while weaving in and out of traffic. In all 28 shots were fired, ten by the gunmen and 18 by the police. The vehicle came to a stop about three fourths of the way through the tunnel. Simon was hit in the head.[3]
The tunnel was targeted by terrorists to be destroyed in the summer of 1993 in the New York City landmark bomb plot, but the plan was foiled.
Route numbers
With the cancellation of the Mid-Manhattan Expressway, intended to carry Interstate 495 through New York City to the Queens Midtown Tunnel and onto the Long Island Expressway, the NYDOT and NJDOT demoted the Lincoln Tunnel, Queens-Midtown Tunnel, and the freeway link to NJ 3 as state routes. Some signs still list the tunnels as I-495. Although the Federal Highway Administration still considers the midtown tunnel to be an Interstate, the Lincoln Tunnel is no longer on the Interstate system. In New Jersey, the freeway was officially demoted to NJ 495 and very few signs still read "I-495." 34th Street links the disjointed segments of I-495.
Culture
- In Abbott and Costello Go to Mars two scenes take place in which a spaceship piloted by them flies into the tunnel.
- In Stephen King's book The Stand, two of its characters exit New York through the Lincoln Tunnel. The city is dead after a virus epidemic and the tunnel is clogged with cars and corpses.
- In the 2003 film Elf lead character Will Ferrel walks through the Lincoln Tunnel to get to New York City.
Notes
- ↑ "New Lincoln Tube Will Open Today", New York Times, February 1, 1945.
- ↑ Lincoln Tunnel Exclusive Bus Lane Enhancement Study. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
- ↑ "Two Seized in 28-Shot Battle With Police in Lincoln Tube", New York Times, September 9, 1953.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
External links
- Port Authority of New York & New Jersey
- Lincoln Tunnel from NYCRoads.com
- XBL Exclusive Bus Lane Enhancement Study
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