Difference between revisions of "Romantic love" - New World Encyclopedia
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"'''Romantic love'''" refers to the connection between "[[love]]" and the general idea of "romance," according to more traditional usages of the terms. Historically the term "romance" did not necessarily imply love relationships, but rather was seen as an artistic expression of one's innermost desires; sometimes ''including'' love, sometimes not. The romantic love of [[knights]] and [[damsels]] emerged in the early [[medieval]] ages (eleventh century France, ''fine amour'') as derivative of both [[Plato|Platonic]] and [[Aristotelian]] love and literally of the [[Roman]] poet, [[Ovid]] (and his ''ars amatoria''). Such romantic love was not to be [[consummated]], transcendentally motivated by a deep respect for the lady and earnestly pursued in chivalric deeds rather than contemplated.<ref>[http://www.iep.utm.edu/l/love.htm The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Philosophy of Love]</ref> Romance is still sometimes viewed as an expressionistic, or artful form, but within the context of "romantic love" relationships it usually implies an active expression of one's love, or one's deep emotional desires to connect with another person with no promise for lasting committment or marriage. It is (often) an exaggerated or decorated expression of love<ref> [http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=68503&dict=CALD Romance], Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/romance], dictionary.com</ref> "Romance" in this sense can therefore be defined as attachment, fascination, or enthusiasm for someone of the opposite sex. | "'''Romantic love'''" refers to the connection between "[[love]]" and the general idea of "romance," according to more traditional usages of the terms. Historically the term "romance" did not necessarily imply love relationships, but rather was seen as an artistic expression of one's innermost desires; sometimes ''including'' love, sometimes not. The romantic love of [[knights]] and [[damsels]] emerged in the early [[medieval]] ages (eleventh century France, ''fine amour'') as derivative of both [[Plato|Platonic]] and [[Aristotelian]] love and literally of the [[Roman]] poet, [[Ovid]] (and his ''ars amatoria''). Such romantic love was not to be [[consummated]], transcendentally motivated by a deep respect for the lady and earnestly pursued in chivalric deeds rather than contemplated.<ref>[http://www.iep.utm.edu/l/love.htm The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Philosophy of Love]</ref> Romance is still sometimes viewed as an expressionistic, or artful form, but within the context of "romantic love" relationships it usually implies an active expression of one's love, or one's deep emotional desires to connect with another person with no promise for lasting committment or marriage. It is (often) an exaggerated or decorated expression of love<ref> [http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=68503&dict=CALD Romance], Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/romance], dictionary.com</ref> "Romance" in this sense can therefore be defined as attachment, fascination, or enthusiasm for someone of the opposite sex. | ||
==History and Etymology== | ==History and Etymology== | ||
| − | + | The English word "romance" developed from a vernacular dialect within the [[French]] language, meaning "verse narrative," referring to the style of speech and writing, and artistic talents within [[elite]] classes. The word derives from the Latin "Romanicus," meaning "of the Roman style," of "from Rome." European medieval vernacular tales were usually about chivalric adventure, not combining with the theme of love until late into the seventeenth century. The word "romance" also has developed with various meanings in other languages, such as the early nineteenth century Spanish and Italian definitions of "adventure" and "passion," sometimes combining the idea of a "love affair" or "idealistic quality." | |
| − | The more current and Western traditional terminology meaning | + | The more current and Western traditional terminology meaning a particularly ardent type of love, often transcending moral limits, is believed to have originated in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, primarily in the French culture. This idea is what has spurred the connection between the words "romantic" and "lover," thusly creating the English phrase "romantic love" (i.e "loving like the Romans do"). However, the precise origins of such a connection are unknown. |
| − | As a literary style | + | As a literary style, the romantic genre has existed since before 1812. Here, the term "romantic" means "characteristic of an ideal love affair." [[Romanticism]], the artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late eighteenth-century Western Europe. In music, the romantic movement was characterized by the free expression of imagination and emotion, displays of instrumental virtuosity, and experimentation with orchestral form. |
== Defining romantic love == | == Defining romantic love == | ||
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[[compassion]], [[appreciation]], and general "liking") rather than physical pleasure. But, romantic love, in the [[abstract]] sense of the term, is traditionally referred to as involving a mix of emotional and sexual desire for another as a [[person]]. | [[compassion]], [[appreciation]], and general "liking") rather than physical pleasure. But, romantic love, in the [[abstract]] sense of the term, is traditionally referred to as involving a mix of emotional and sexual desire for another as a [[person]]. | ||
| − | Modern romantic love is | + | Modern romantic love is akin to [[Aristotle]]'s description of the love two people find in the harmony of each other's virtues--"one soul and two bodies," as he poetically put it. Such love is deemed to be of a high status, ethically, aesthetically, and even metaphysically, compared to mere sexual intimacy. Within an existing relationship romantic love can be defined as a temporary freeing or optimizing of [[intimacy]], either in a particularly luxurious manner (or the opposite as in the "natural"), or perhaps in greater spirituality, irony, or peril to the relationship. |
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| − | The cultural traditions of [[ | + | Romantic love is often contrasted to marriages of political or economic conveniences, especially arranged marriages in which a woman feels trapped in a relationship with an unattractive or abusive husband. The cultural traditions of [[marriage]] and [[betrothal]] are often [[conflict]] with the spontaneity and absolute quality of romance. However it is possible that romance and love can exist between the partners within those customs. |
==Romance and tragedy== | ==Romance and tragedy== | ||
| − | The ''tragic'' contradictions between romance and society are | + | [[Image:Dante Gabriel Rossetti- Arthur's Tomb - The Last Meeting of Lancelot and Guinevere.JPG|thumb|300px|Lancelot and Guivevere at Arthur's tomb]] |
| − | + | The ''tragic'' contradictions between romance and society are forcibly portrayed in such examples as the Arthurian story of [[Lancelot]] and [[Guinevere]], Tolstoy's ''[[Anna Karenina]]'', Flaubert's ''[[Madame Bovary]]'', and [[Shakespeare]]'s ''Romeo and Juliet.'' The protagonists in these stories were driven to tragedy by forces seemingly outside of their control, within the context of a romantic love which cannot be fulfilled. Alternatively, these lovers may be seen as going beyond the bounds of the original ideal of romantic love—in which the lovers were meant to express only a spiritual but not sexual love unless they could be married—but fulfilling the modern concept of romantic love which transcends moral boundaries and seeks fulfillment even at the risk of one's life. | |
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==Pessimistic views== | ==Pessimistic views== | ||
| − | Romantic love is sometimes directly compared with Platonic love alone, which | + | Romantic love is sometimes directly compared with [[Platonic love]] alone, which precludes sexual relations. In certain modern usages it also takes on a fully [[asexual]] sense, rather than the classical sense in which sexual drives are (often) sublimated for the sake of or instead of marriage. [[Unrequited love]] can be romantic, but it too, occurs due to the [[sublimation]] or withholding of reciprocal affection, emotion or sex with no concept or possibility of commitment or marriage. |
| − | [[Schopenhauer]] | + | [[Schopenhauer]] saw romantic love as no more than a device of nature for reproducing the species. "Once our work is done," he wrote, "the love we had for our mate leaves us and there is nothing we can do about it."<ref> (Schopenhauer, 1969, p. 241).</ref> |
| − | Kierkegaard went further. In a speech about marriage given in his treatise, '' | + | [[Kierkegaard]] went further. In a speech about marriage given in his treatise, ''Either/Or'', he attempted to show that because marriage is fundamentally lacking in passion, the nature of marriage, unlike romance, is in fact explainable by a man who has experience of neither marriage nor love. |
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Revision as of 14:57, 16 November 2007
"Romantic love" refers to the connection between "love" and the general idea of "romance," according to more traditional usages of the terms. Historically the term "romance" did not necessarily imply love relationships, but rather was seen as an artistic expression of one's innermost desires; sometimes including love, sometimes not. The romantic love of knights and damsels emerged in the early medieval ages (eleventh century France, fine amour) as derivative of both Platonic and Aristotelian love and literally of the Roman poet, Ovid (and his ars amatoria). Such romantic love was not to be consummated, transcendentally motivated by a deep respect for the lady and earnestly pursued in chivalric deeds rather than contemplated.[1] Romance is still sometimes viewed as an expressionistic, or artful form, but within the context of "romantic love" relationships it usually implies an active expression of one's love, or one's deep emotional desires to connect with another person with no promise for lasting committment or marriage. It is (often) an exaggerated or decorated expression of love[2] "Romance" in this sense can therefore be defined as attachment, fascination, or enthusiasm for someone of the opposite sex.
History and Etymology
The English word "romance" developed from a vernacular dialect within the French language, meaning "verse narrative," referring to the style of speech and writing, and artistic talents within elite classes. The word derives from the Latin "Romanicus," meaning "of the Roman style," of "from Rome." European medieval vernacular tales were usually about chivalric adventure, not combining with the theme of love until late into the seventeenth century. The word "romance" also has developed with various meanings in other languages, such as the early nineteenth century Spanish and Italian definitions of "adventure" and "passion," sometimes combining the idea of a "love affair" or "idealistic quality."
The more current and Western traditional terminology meaning a particularly ardent type of love, often transcending moral limits, is believed to have originated in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, primarily in the French culture. This idea is what has spurred the connection between the words "romantic" and "lover," thusly creating the English phrase "romantic love" (i.e "loving like the Romans do"). However, the precise origins of such a connection are unknown.
As a literary style, the romantic genre has existed since before 1812. Here, the term "romantic" means "characteristic of an ideal love affair." Romanticism, the artistic and intellectual movement that originated in late eighteenth-century Western Europe. In music, the romantic movement was characterized by the free expression of imagination and emotion, displays of instrumental virtuosity, and experimentation with orchestral form.
Defining romantic love
Romantic love is a relative term, that distinguishes moments and situations within interpersonal relationships. There is often, initially, more emphasis on the emotions (especially those of love, intimacy, compassion, appreciation, and general "liking") rather than physical pleasure. But, romantic love, in the abstract sense of the term, is traditionally referred to as involving a mix of emotional and sexual desire for another as a person.
Modern romantic love is akin to Aristotle's description of the love two people find in the harmony of each other's virtues—"one soul and two bodies," as he poetically put it. Such love is deemed to be of a high status, ethically, aesthetically, and even metaphysically, compared to mere sexual intimacy. Within an existing relationship romantic love can be defined as a temporary freeing or optimizing of intimacy, either in a particularly luxurious manner (or the opposite as in the "natural"), or perhaps in greater spirituality, irony, or peril to the relationship.
Romantic love is often contrasted to marriages of political or economic conveniences, especially arranged marriages in which a woman feels trapped in a relationship with an unattractive or abusive husband. The cultural traditions of marriage and betrothal are often conflict with the spontaneity and absolute quality of romance. However it is possible that romance and love can exist between the partners within those customs.
Romance and tragedy
The tragic contradictions between romance and society are forcibly portrayed in such examples as the Arthurian story of Lancelot and Guinevere, Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, Flaubert's Madame Bovary, and Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. The protagonists in these stories were driven to tragedy by forces seemingly outside of their control, within the context of a romantic love which cannot be fulfilled. Alternatively, these lovers may be seen as going beyond the bounds of the original ideal of romantic love—in which the lovers were meant to express only a spiritual but not sexual love unless they could be married—but fulfilling the modern concept of romantic love which transcends moral boundaries and seeks fulfillment even at the risk of one's life.
Pessimistic views
Romantic love is sometimes directly compared with Platonic love alone, which precludes sexual relations. In certain modern usages it also takes on a fully asexual sense, rather than the classical sense in which sexual drives are (often) sublimated for the sake of or instead of marriage. Unrequited love can be romantic, but it too, occurs due to the sublimation or withholding of reciprocal affection, emotion or sex with no concept or possibility of commitment or marriage.
Schopenhauer saw romantic love as no more than a device of nature for reproducing the species. "Once our work is done," he wrote, "the love we had for our mate leaves us and there is nothing we can do about it."[3]
Kierkegaard went further. In a speech about marriage given in his treatise, Either/Or, he attempted to show that because marriage is fundamentally lacking in passion, the nature of marriage, unlike romance, is in fact explainable by a man who has experience of neither marriage nor love.
Notes
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Alberoni, Francesco, Falling in Love. Random House Inc (T); 1st American ed edition (December 1983). ISBN 978-0394530079.
- Kierkegaard, Søren. Stages on Life's Way : Kierkegaard's Writings, Vol 11. Princeton University Press; New Ed edition (November 1, 1988). ISBN 978-0691020495.
- Levi-Strauss, Claude. Structural Anthropolgy. Basic Books; New Ed edition (January 2000). ISBN 978-0465095162.
- McWilliams, Peter. Love 101 : To Love Oneself Is the Beginning of a Lifelong Romance. Prelude Press (January 1997). ISBN 978-0931580727.
- Nietzsche, Friedrich. Human, All-Too-Human: Parts One and Two (Philosophical Classics). Dover Publications; Dover Ed edition (January 20, 2006). ISBN 978-0486445663.
- Rougemont, Denis de. Love in the Western World. Schocken (January 27, 1990). ISBN 978-0805209501.
- Schopenhauer, Arthur. Essays and Aphorisms. Penguin Classics (May 30, 1973). ISBN 978-0140442274.
External Links
- Plato’s Theory of Love: Rationality as Passion
- Romantic Love Quotes
- What Is Romantic Love Anyway? by Beverly Rodgers MS, LMFT and Tom Rodgers MA, MHDL
- Love More Powerful than Sex, Study Claims by Robert Roy Britt, LiveScience Senior Writer (posted: 31 May 2005)
- The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Philosophy of Love
- Romance In Marriage: Perspectives, Pitfalls, and Principles, by Jason S. Carroll
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