Difference between revisions of "Rhodes Scholarship" - New World Encyclopedia

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Rhodes House in Oxford, designed by Sir Herbert Baker.

The Rhodes Scholarship is an international award for study at the University of Oxford and was the first large-scale program of international scholarships.^[1] Rhodes Scholars may study any full-time postgraduate course offered by the University^[2] – whether a taught Master’s programme, a research degree, or a second undergraduate degree (senior status).

The Scholarship is for two years in the first instance, though may be held for one year only; applications for a third year are considered during the course of the 2nd year.

University and College fees are paid by the Rhodes Trust. In addition, Scholars receive a monthly maintenance stipend to cover accommodation and living expenses. Although all scholars become affiliated with a residential college while at Oxford, they also enjoy access to Rhodes House, an early 20th century mansion with numerous public rooms, gardens, a library, study areas, and other facilities.

The scholarships are administered and awarded by the Rhodes Trust which was established in 1902 under the terms and conditions of the will of Cecil John Rhodes, and funded by his estate. Scholarships have been awarded to applicants annually since 1904 on the basis of academic achievement and strength of character. There have been more than 7,000 Rhodes Scholars since the inception of the Trust. More than 4,000 are still living.^[3] In 1925, the Commonwealth Fund Fellowships (later renamed Harkness Fellowships) were established to reciprocate the Rhodes Scholarships by enabling British graduates to study in the United StatesCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many.

Standards

Rhodes' legacy specified four standards by which applicants were to be judged:

literary and scholastic attainments;
energy to use one's talents to the full, as exemplified by fondness for and success in sports;
truth, courage, devotion to duty, sympathy for and protection of the weak, kindliness, unselfishness and fellowship;
moral force of character and instincts to lead, and to take an interest in one's fellow beings.

This legacy originally provided for scholarships for the British colonies, the United States, and Germany. These three were chosen so that "an understanding between the three great powers will render war impossible."

Rhodes, who attended Oxford University, chose his alma mater as the site of his great experiment because he believed its residential colleges provided the ideal environment for intellectual contemplation and personal development.

Rhodes' original aim with the Scholarship, and subsequent changes

There has been some controversy over the original aim of the scholarships, as it has been alleged that Rhodes held racist opinions about the superiority of the Anglo race, and that his intention was to use the scholarships to educate future foreign leaders in Britain so that they could help spread British influence when they returned to their home countries. The Secretary of the Rhodes Trust 1925-1939 was Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian who was a progressive imperialist, and an ex-member of Milner's Kindergarten.

An early change was the elimination of the scholarships for Germany during World Wars I and II. No German scholars were chosen from 1914 to 1932^[4], nor from 1939 to 1970. Also, between the wars, for political and propaganda reasons Erich Vermehren was prevented by the German government from taking up a Rhodes Scholarship.

Rhodes' bequest was whittled down considerably in the first decades after his death, as various scholarship trustees were forced to pay taxes upon their own deaths. A change occurred in 1929, when an Act of Parliament established a fund separate from the original proceeds of Rhodes's will. This made it possible to expand the number of scholarships. For example, between 1993 and 1995, scholarships were extended to other countries in the European Community.

Because the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 in the United Kingdom did not affect wills, it took another Act of Parliament to change the Rhodes' will to extend selection criteria in 1977 to include women.

For at least its first 75 years, scholars usually studied for a Bachelor of Arts degree. While that remains an option, more recent scholars usually study for an advanced degree.

Allocations

There were originally 52 scholarships. During the ensuing 100 years, the Trustees added at one time or another approximately another 40 scholarships, though not all have continued. Some of these extended the scheme to Commonwealth countries not mentioned in the Will.^[3] A more detailed allocation by region by year can be found at Rhodes Scholarship Allocations. Very brief summaries of some of the terms and conditions can be found on the Trust's web site.^[5]^[6] Complete details can be obtained from the nominating countries.^[7]

Currently, scholars are selected from citizens of 14 specified geographic constituencies,^[8]^[9] namely: Australia; Bermuda; Canada; Germany; Hong Kong; India; Jamaica & Commonwealth Caribbean; Kenya; New Zealand; Pakistan; Southern Africa (South Africa and neighbours Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia and Swaziland); USA; Zambia; and Zimbabwe.

From 2006, 11 scholarships were suspended for a period of 5 years.^{[citation needed]} The scholarships for Hong Kong were abolished in July 1997 following its withdrawal from the Commonwealth (due to the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China). However, with the benefaction from the Lee Hysan Foundation (described by the Rhodes Trust as "substantial and generous"^{[citation needed]}), the Rhodes Scholarships for Hong Kong are to be reintroduced.^[10]

"Geographic constituency"	2006 allocation	1902 allocation
Australia^[11]	9	6
Bermuda^[12]	1	1
Canada	11	2
& Newfoundland	1	1
Germany^[13]	2	-
Hong Kong	-	-
India^[14]	6	-
Jamaica^[15]	1	1
& CommonwealthCaribbean	1	-
Kenya	2	-
New Zealand^[16]	3	1
Pakistan	1	-
Southern Africa^[17]	10	5
USA^[18]	32	32
Zambia	1
Zimbabwe	2
(formerly Rhodesia)		3
Total	83	52

Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients

A table of Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients can be found at Notable Rhodes Scholars.

Centenary degrees

In recognition of the centenary of the foundation of the Rhodes Trust in 2003, four scholars were awarded honorary degrees by the University of Oxford:

John Brademas (Indiana & Brasenose 1950), President of New York University, U.S. Congressman (Indiana), 1959-1981
Robert J. L. (Bob) Hawke (Western Australia & University 1953), Prime Minister of Australia, 1983-1991
Rex Nettleford (Jamaica & Oriel 1957), Vice-Chancellor of the University of the West Indies, author, dance director
David R. Woods (Rhodes & University 1963), Vice-Chancellor of Rhodes University

Current trustees

The Trust^[19] is governed by a Board of Trustees:

Lord Waldegrave of North Hill (Chairman)
Professor Sir John Bell (Alberta & Magdalen 1975)
Lord Butler of Brockwell
Sir Rod Eddington (Western Australia & Lincoln 1974)
Professor Elizabeth Fallaize
Lord Fellowes
Rosalind Hedley-Miller^[20]
Lord Kerr of Kinlochard
Julian Ogilvie Thompson
Thomas W. Seaman
Professor Sir John Vickers

The business of the Trust is administered by the Warden of Rhodes House and Secretary to the Trust, Sir Colin Lucas.

Former trustees

Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey
Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham
Rudyard Kipling

Notes

↑ The American Rhodes Scholarships: A Review of the First Forty Years, Review author[s]: Harvie Branscomb, The American Historical Review © 1947 American Historical Association
↑ Periodically the Rhodes Trustees include or exclude the MBA from the courses offered.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Brief history of the Rhodes Trust
↑ Adam von Trott zu Solz was Germany's Rhodes Scholar in 1931. He was executed by the Nazis in 1944.
↑ Rhodes Scholarship FAQ
↑ Information about the Scholarships
↑ Country Websites and Information
↑ Rhodes Scholarship constituencies
↑ Countries from which Rhodes Scholars are selected
↑ The Rhodes Scholarship for Hong Kong - Memorandum for 2007
↑ The Rhodes Scholarships in Australia
↑ The Rhodes Scholarships in Bermuda
↑ The Rhodes Scholarships in Germany
↑ The Rhodes Scholarships in India
↑ The Rhodes Scholarships for Jamaica & the Commonwealth Caribbean
↑ The Rhodes Scholarships in New Zealand
↑ The Rhodes Scholarships in South Africa
↑ The Rhodes Trust, USA
↑ Rhodes Trust Board of Trustees
↑ Top 100 Women in European Finance 2007 Financial News Online, 29 Oct 2007

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

R.I. Rotberg, "The Founder: Cecil Rhodes and the Pursuit of Power" (Oxford University Press, New York, 1988)
Anthony Kenny (ed.), "The History of the Rhodes Trust" (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001)

External links

Credits

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Rhodes_Scholarship ^history

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History of "Rhodes Scholarship"

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[1] The American Rhodes Scholarships: A Review of the First Forty Years, Review author[s]: Harvie Branscomb, The American Historical Review © 1947 American Historical Association

[2] Periodically the Rhodes Trustees include or exclude the MBA from the courses offered.

[BriefHistory-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Brief history of the Rhodes Trust

[4] Adam von Trott zu Solz was Germany's Rhodes Scholar in 1931. He was executed by the Nazis in 1944.

[5] Rhodes Scholarship FAQ

[6] Information about the Scholarships

[7] Country Websites and Information

[8] Rhodes Scholarship constituencies

[9] Countries from which Rhodes Scholars are selected

[10] The Rhodes Scholarship for Hong Kong - Memorandum for 2007

[11] The Rhodes Scholarships in Australia

[12] The Rhodes Scholarships in Bermuda

[13] The Rhodes Scholarships in Germany

[14] The Rhodes Scholarships in India

[15] The Rhodes Scholarships for Jamaica & the Commonwealth Caribbean

[16] The Rhodes Scholarships in New Zealand

[17] The Rhodes Scholarships in South Africa

[18] The Rhodes Trust, USA

[19] Rhodes Trust Board of Trustees

[20] Top 100 Women in European Finance 2007 Financial News Online, 29 Oct 2007

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
- {{Ready}}
 [[Category:Politics and social sciences]]
 [[Category:Education]]
@@ Line 5: / Line 4: @@
 [[Image:RhodesHouseOxford20040909 CopyrightKaihsuTai.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Rhodes House]] in [[Oxford]], designed by Sir [[Herbert Baker]].]]
-The '''Rhodes Scholarship''' is the world's oldest and arguably most prestigious international [[fellowship]].  The scholarships were initiated after the death of [[Cecil John Rhodes]] and have been awarded to applicants annually since 1902 by the [[Rhodes Trust]] in [[Oxford]] on the basis of academic qualities, as well as those of character.  They provide the successful candidate with two years of study at the [[University of Oxford]] in [[England]], possibly extended for a third year.
-When Rhodes died in 1902, his [[will (law)|will]] stipulated that the greater part of his fortune was to go toward the establishment of a scholarship fund to reward applicants who exhibited worthy qualities of intellect, character, and physical ability.
+The '''Rhodes Scholarship''' is an international award for study at the [[University of Oxford]] and was the first large-scale program of international scholarships.<ref>The American Rhodes Scholarships: A Review of the First Forty Years, Review author[s]: Harvie Branscomb, The American Historical Review © 1947 American Historical Association</ref> Rhodes Scholars may study any full-time postgraduate course offered by the University<ref>Periodically the Rhodes Trustees include or exclude the MBA from the courses offered.</ref> – whether a taught Master’s programme, a research degree, or a second undergraduate degree (senior status).
+The Scholarship is for two years in the first instance, though may be held for one year only; applications for a third year are considered during the course of the 2nd year.
+University and College fees are paid by the Rhodes Trust. In addition, Scholars receive a monthly maintenance stipend to cover accommodation and living expenses. Although all scholars become affiliated with a [[residential college]] while at Oxford, they also enjoy access to [[Rhodes House]], an early [[20th century]] mansion with numerous public rooms, gardens, a library, study areas, and other facilities.
+The scholarships are administered and awarded by the [[Rhodes Trust]] which was established in 1902 under the terms and conditions of the will of [[Cecil John Rhodes]], and funded by his estate. Scholarships have been awarded to applicants annually since 1904 on the basis of academic achievement and strength of character. There have been more than 7,000 Rhodes Scholars since the inception of the Trust. More than 4,000 are still living.<ref name=BriefHistory>[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/history.htm Brief history of the Rhodes Trust]</ref> In 1925, the [[Commonwealth fund fellowship|Commonwealth Fund Fellowships]] (later renamed [[Harkness Fellowship]]s) were established to reciprocate the Rhodes Scholarships by enabling British graduates to study in the United States<ref name=History of the Harkness Fellowships>[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms9258 History of the Harkness Fellowships]</ref>.
 == Standards ==
@@ Line 18: / Line 22: @@
 * moral force of character and instincts to lead, and to take an interest in one's fellow beings.
-This legacy originally provided for scholarships for the [[British Empire|British colonies]], the [[United States]], and [[Germany]].  These three were chosen so that "an understanding between the three [[great power]]s will render war impossible."
+This legacy originally provided for scholarships for the [[British Empire|British colonies]], the [[United States]], and [[Germany]]. These three were chosen so that "an understanding between the three [[great power]]s will render war impossible."
 Rhodes, who attended Oxford University, chose his ''alma mater'' as the site of his great experiment because he believed its [[residential college]]s provided the ideal environment for intellectual contemplation and personal development.
@@ Line 24: / Line 28: @@
 == Rhodes' original aim with the Scholarship, and subsequent changes ==
-There has been some controversy over the [[Cecil John Rhodes#Rhodes' will and the Rhodes Scholarship|original aim of the scholarships]], as Rhodes held what many today believe to be [[racist]] opinions about the superiority of the [[Anglo]] race, and his intention was to use the scholarships to educate future foreign leaders in [[Britain]] so that they could help spread British influence when they returned to their home countries.
+There has been some controversy over the [[Cecil Rhodes#Rhodes's will and the Rhodes Scholarship|original aim of the scholarships]], as it has been alleged that Rhodes held [[racist]] opinions about the superiority of the [[Anglo]] race, and that his intention was to use the scholarships to educate future foreign leaders in [[UK|Britain]] so that they could help spread British influence when they returned to their home countries. The Secretary of the Rhodes Trust 1925-1939 was [[Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian]] who was a progressive imperialist, and an ex-member of [[Milner's Kindergarten]].
+An early change was the elimination of the scholarships for [[Germany]] during World Wars [[World War I|I]] and [[World War II|II]]. No German scholars were chosen from 1914 to 1932<ref>[[Adam von Trott zu Solz]] was Germany's Rhodes Scholar in 1931. He was executed by the Nazis in 1944.</ref>, nor from 1939 to 1970. Also, between the wars, for political and propaganda reasons [[Erich Vermehren]] was prevented by the German government from taking up a Rhodes Scholarship.
-An early change was the elimination of the scholarships for [[Germany]] during World Wars [[World War I|I]] and [[World War II|II]].  No German scholars were chosen from 1914 to 1932, nor from 1939 to 1970.
+Rhodes' bequest was whittled down considerably in the first decades after his death, as various scholarship trustees were forced to pay taxes upon their own deaths. A change occurred in 1929, when an [[Act of Parliament]] established a fund separate from the original proceeds of Rhodes's will. This made it possible to expand the number of scholarships. For example, between 1993 and 1995, scholarships were extended to other countries in the [[European Community]].
-Rhodes' bequest was whittled down considerably in the first decades after his death, as various scholarship trustees were forced to pay taxes upon their own deaths.  A change occurred in 1929, when an [[Act of Parliament]] established a fund separate from the original proceeds of Rhodes's will.  This made it possible to expand the number of scholarships.  For example, between 1993 and 1995, scholarships were extended to other countries in the [[European Community]].
+Because the [[Sex Discrimination Act 1975]] in the United Kingdom did not affect wills, it took another Act of Parliament to change the Rhodes' will to extend selection criteria in 1977 to include women.
-Because the [[Sex Discrimination Act 1975]] in the United Kingdom did not affect wills, it took another Act of Parliament to change the Rhodes' will to extend selection criteria in 1977 to include women.
+For at least its first 75 years, scholars usually studied for a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree. While that remains an option, more recent scholars usually study for an [[Degrees of Oxford University|advanced degree]].
-For at least its first 75 years, scholars usually read for a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree.  While that remains an option, more recent scholars usually read for an [[Degrees of Oxford University|advanced degree]].
+== Allocations ==
-== Criticism of the Scholarships ==
+There were originally 52 scholarships. During the ensuing 100 years, the Trustees added at one time or another approximately another 40 scholarships, though not all have continued. Some of these extended the scheme to Commonwealth countries not mentioned in the Will.<ref name=BriefHistory/> A more detailed allocation by region by year can be found at [[Rhodes Scholarship Allocations]]. Very brief summaries of some of the terms and conditions can be found on the Trust's web site.<ref>[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/faq.htm Rhodes Scholarship FAQ]</ref><ref>[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/infoscholar.htm Information about the Scholarships]</ref> Complete details can be obtained from the nominating countries.<ref>[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/countries_complete.htm Country Websites and Information]</ref>
-On February 27, 2007, two American Rhodes Scholars wrote an      [http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=517274#comments  opinion piece ]in The Harvard Crimson expressing significant dissatisfaction with their experience as Rhodes Scholars, and directing a number of criticisms at Oxford University.  The Scholars, [[Melissa Dell]] and [[Swati Mylavarapu]], are both 2005 graduates of [[Harvard University]]. Their assertions touched off a controversy in the Oxford community, with many fellow Scholars emphatically rejecting their remarks.
+Currently, scholars are selected from citizens of 14 specified geographic constituencies,<ref>[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/countrysites.htm Rhodes Scholarship constituencies]</ref><ref>[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/infoscholar.htm Countries from which Rhodes Scholars are selected]</ref> namely: Australia; Bermuda; Canada; Germany; Hong Kong; India; Jamaica & Commonwealth Caribbean; Kenya; New Zealand; Pakistan; Southern Africa (South Africa and neighbours Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia and Swaziland); USA; Zambia; and Zimbabwe.
-== Allocations ==
+From 2006, 11 scholarships were suspended for a period of 5 years.{{Fact|date=December 2007}} The scholarships for [[Hong Kong]] were abolished in July 1997 following its withdrawal from the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] (due to the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the [[People's Republic of China]]). However, with the benefaction from the [[Lee Hysan]] Foundation (described by the Rhodes Trust as "substantial and generous"{{Fact|date=December 2007}}), the Rhodes Scholarships for Hong Kong are to be reintroduced.<ref>[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/documents/HongKongMemorandumfor2007_000.pdf The Rhodes Scholarship for Hong Kong - Memorandum for 2007]</ref>
-Approximately 90 Scholars are selected worldwide each year. From 2006, 11 scholarships will be suspended for a period of 5 years, and the scholarship for [[Hong Kong]] abolished, following its withdrawal from the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] since the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the [[People's Republic of China]] in July 1997.
 <table border=0 cellspacing=4>
-<tr><th>Country</th><th>2006<br/>allocation</th><th>1903<br/>allocation</th></tr>
+<tr><th>"Geographic<br/>constituency"</th><th>2006<br/>allocation</th><th>1902<br/>allocation</th></tr>
-<tr><td>[[United States|USA]]</td><td align="center">32</td><td align="center">32</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[Australia]]<ref>[http://www.usyd.edu.au/registrar/rhodes/index.shtml The Rhodes Scholarships in Australia]</ref></td><td align="center">9</td><td align="center">6</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[Bermuda]]<ref>[http://www.rhodes.bm The Rhodes Scholarships in Bermuda]</ref></td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
 <tr><td>[[Canada]]</td><td align="center">11</td><td align="center">2</td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[South Africa]]<br/>(originally Southern Africa)</td><td align="center">10</td><td align="center">5</td></tr>
+<tr><td>& [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[Australia]]</td><td align="center">9</td><td align="center">6</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[Germany]]<ref>[http://www.rhodes-deutschland.de The Rhodes Scholarships in Germany]</ref></td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[India]]</td><td align="center">5</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[Hong Kong]]</td><td align="center">-</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[Germany]]</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">5</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[India]]<ref>[http://www.rhodesscholarships-india.com The Rhodes Scholarships in India ]</ref></td><td align="center">6</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[New Zealand]]</td><td align="center">3</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[Jamaica]]<ref>[http://www.rhodes-caribbean.com The Rhodes Scholarships for Jamaica & the Commonwealth Caribbean]
-<tr><td>[[Caribbean]] [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
+</ref></td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>& [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]][[Caribbean]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
 <tr><td>[[Kenya]]</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[New Zealand]]<ref>[http://www.nzvcc.ac.nz/default.aspx?l=4&p=64 The Rhodes Scholarships in New Zealand]</ref></td><td align="center">3</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
 <tr><td>[[Pakistan]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[Zimbabwe]]<br/>(formerly [[Rhodesia]])</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">3</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Southern Africa<ref>[http://www.rhodestrust.org.za The Rhodes Scholarships in South Africa ]</ref></td><td align="center">10</td><td align="center">5</td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[United States|USA]]<ref>[http://www.rhodesscholar.org The Rhodes Trust, USA]</ref></td><td align="center">32</td><td align="center">32</td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[Bermuda]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[Zambia]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center"></td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[Jamaica]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">1</td></tr>
+<tr><td>[[Zimbabwe]]</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center"></td></tr>
-<tr><td>[[Zambia]]</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">-</td></tr>
+<tr><td>(formerly [[Rhodesia]])</td><td align="center"></td><td align="center">3</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Total</td><td align="center">83</td><td align="center">52</td></tr>
 </table>
 == Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients ==
-:''See also: [[:Category:Rhodes scholars|Rhodes scholars]] category''
-===Before 1920===
+A table of Notable Rhodes Scholarship recipients can be found at [[Notable Rhodes Scholars]].
-*[[Marius Barbeau]] (Laval & Oriel 1910), anthropologist and folklorist
-*[[John Clifford Valentine Behan]] (University 1904), academic
-*[[John J. Tigert]] (Tennessee & Pembroke 1904), U.S. Commissioner of Education, 1921-1928
-*[[Alain LeRoy Locke|Alain L. Locke]] (Pennsylvania & Hertford 1907), [[philosopher]] and [[Harlem Renaissance]] patron
-*[[Earnest Hooten|Earnest A. Hooten]] (Wisconsin 1907), American physical anthropologist
-*[[Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff]] (Germany & Trinity 1909), German diplomat, executed for conspiracy against Hitler, 1945
-*[[Jan Hofmeyr|J. H. Hofmeyr]] ([[South African College Schools]] & Balliol 1910), South African liberal politician
-*[[Ralph Hartley|Ralph V. L. Hartley]] (Utah & St John's 1910), telephone oscillator inventor
-*[[Edwin Hubble|Edwin P. Hubble]] (Illinois & Queen's 1910), American astronomer
-*[[Elmer Davis]] (Indiana 1910), American newsman, Director of the U.S. [[Office of War Information]] during [[World War II]]
-*[[John Crowe Ransom]] (Tennessee & Christ Church 1910), poet
-*[[Brand Blanshard|P. Brand Blanshard]] (Michigan & Merton 1913), philosopher
-*[[Charles R. Clason]] ([[Bates College]] & Christ Church 1914), U.S. Congressman (Massachusetts), 1937-1949
-*[[Norman Manley|Norman W. Manley]] MM QC (Jamaica & Jesus 1914), Chief Minister of Jamaica, 1955-1959, Premier of Jamaica, 1959-1962
-*[[Wilder Penfield|Wilder G. Penfield]] CC (New Jersey & Merton 1914), Canadian neurosurgeon
-*[[John Monk Saunders]] (Washington & Magdalen 1918), screenwriter of ''[[Wings (movie)|Wings]]'' and ''[[The Dawn Patrol]]''
-*[[Roland Michener]] PC CC (Alberta & Hertford 1919), Governor General of Canada, 1967-1974
-*[[Herbert Eugene Clefton]] (Minnesota 1919), Teacher in Minneapolis, then a Professor at University of Minnesota
-*[[Arthur Stanley Roe]] (Brisbane), First Rhodes Scholar from Australia
-*[[Neal Macrossan]] (1907, Magdelen B.A., 1910, M.A., 1914), Chief Justice of Queensland 1946-1955
-*[[Frank Aydelotte]] ([[Brasenose College]]), President of [[Swarthmore College]] (1921-1940)
-===1920s===
-*[[Robert P. T. Coffin]], writer, poet & professor
-*[[John Marshall Harlan II]] (New Jersey & Balliol 1920), Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1955-1971
-*[[Howard Walter Florey|Lord (Howard) Florey of Adelaide and Marston]] (Adelaide & Magdalen 1921), Australian pharmacologist, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1945 (for [[penicillin]])
-*Sir [[Keith Hancock]] (Australia & Magdalen 1921), Australian historian
-*[[William Stevenson (athlete)|William E. Stevenson]] (1922), American Olympic gold medalist in 1924, President of Oberlin College (1946-1961), U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines (1961-1965)
-*Sir [[John Carew Eccles|John C. Eccles]] (Victoria & Magdalen 1925), Australian scientist, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1963
-*[[J. William Fulbright]] (Arkansas & Pembroke 1925), U.S. Senator for Arkansas (1945-1974), originator of the [[Fulbright Fellowship]] program
-*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff|Robert J. van de Graaff]] (Alabama & Queen's 1925), inventor of the eponymous [[Van de Graaff generator]]
-*[[Hervey M. Cleckley]], (Georgia), psychiatrist, pioneer in the field of psychopathy, co-author of [[The Three Faces of Eve]]
-*[[Robert Penn Warren]] (Kentucky & New College 1928), American poet and critic
-*[[Cleanth Brooks]] (Louisiana & Exeter 1929), American literary critic
-*[[George Stanley|George F. G. Stanley]] CC (Alberta & Keble 1929), Canadian historian, designer of Canadian flag, Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick
-*[[Holbrook Mann MacNeille]] (New Jersey & [[Balliol]] 1930) Scientific Director [[Office of Scientific Research and Development]]
-===1930s===
+== Centenary degrees ==
-*[[Charles Herbert Little]] (Brasenose 1930), Director of Canadian Naval Intelligence during [[World War II]]
-*[[E. F. Schumacher]] (Germany & New College 1930), German social theorist
-*[[Carl Albert|Carl B. Albert]] (Oklahoma & St Peter's 1931), Speaker of U.S. House of Representatives (1971-1977), U.S. Congressman (Oklahoma), 1947-1977
-*[[Jack Lovelock|John Edward "Jack" Lovelock]] (Dunedin & Exeter 1931), 1500 metre Olympic Gold medallist in 1936 Berlin Olympics
-*[[Dean Rusk]] (North Carolina & St John's 1931), U.S. Secretary of State, 1961-1969
-*[[Adam von Trott zu Solz]] (Germany & Balliol 1931), German diplomat and anti-Nazi patriot, executed in 1944
-*[[W.L. Morton]] (Manitoba & St. John's 1932) Canadian historian
-*[[Ivan A. Getting]] (Massachusetts & Merton 1933), American weapons scientist and co-inventor of GPS technology
-*[[Daniel Boorstin|Daniel J. Boorstin]] (Oklahoma & Balliol 1934), U.S. Librarian of Congress, 1975-1987
-*[[Max Gluckman]] (Transvaal & Exeter 1934), South African-British-Israeli social anthropologist
-*Sir [[John Templeton|John M. Templeton]] (Connecticut & Balliol 1934), businessman and founder of Templeton College, Oxford
-*[[George C. McGhee]] (Oklahoma & Queen's 1934), U.S. Ambassador to Turkey (1952-1953) and to Germany (1963-1968)
-*[[W. R. Jackett]] (Saskatchewan & Queen's 1934), Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Canada
-*Sir [[Arnold Smith|Arnold C. Smith]] (Ontario & Christ Church 1935), first Secretary-General of the Commonwealth
-*[[Walter H. Stockmayer]] (Jesus 1935), American polymer chemist
-*[[Dan Davin]] (New Zealand & Balliol 1936), New Zealand novelist and head of [[Oxford University Press]]
-*[[Philip Mayer Kaiser]] (Wisconsin & Balliol 1936), U.S. Ambassador to Mauritania (1961-1964), Hungary (1977-1980), and Austria (1980-1981), U.S. Assistant Secretary of Labor for International Affairs (1949-1953), Special Assistant to Governor Averell Harriman (1955-1959)
-*[[John B. Oakes]] (New York & Queens 1936), New York "Times" editor of the editorial page, 1961-1976
-*[[Gordon A. Craig]] (New Jersey & Balliol 1936), American historian and OSS veteran
-*Sir [[Richard Edmonds Luyt]] (Cape Town & Trinity 1937), soldier, statesman and principal and vice-chancellor of the [[University of Cape Town]]
-*[[Howard K. Smith]] (Louisiana & Merton 1937), broadcast journalist
-*[[W. Denham Sutcliffe]] (Hertford 1937), English scholar at [[Bates College]], Kenyon, and Harvard.
-*[[Courtney Craig Smith]] (Iowa & Merton 1938), educationalist, President of [[Swarthmore College]]
-*[[David Lewis (politician)|David Lewis]] (McGill), leader of the [[New Democratic Party]] of Canada
-*[[Byron White|Byron R. White]] (Colorado & Hertford 1938), football player, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1962-1993
-*[[Dom Mintoff|Dominic Mintoff]] (Malta & Hertford 1939), Prime Minister of Malta, 1955-1957 & 1971-1984
-===1940s===
-*Sir [[Zelman Cowen]] KBE PC AC (Victoria & New College 1941), Australian jurist and academic, Governor General of Australia, 1977–1982
-*[[Alastair Gillespie]] OC (McGill, 1947), Canadian cabinet minister
-*[[Paul J. Bohannan]] (Arizona & Queen's 1947), American social anthropologist
-*[[Nicholas Katzenbach|Nicholas de B. Katzenbach]] (New Jersey & Balliol 1947), U.S. Attorney General, 1965-1966, U.S. Under-Secretary of State, 1966-1969
-*[[Bernard W. Rogers]] (Kansas & University 1947), American general, Supreme Allied Commander, NATO
-*[[Stansfield Turner]] (Illinois & Exeter 1947), American admiral, Director of Central Intelligence, 1977-1981
-*[[James McNaughton Hester|James M. Hester]] (California & Pembroke 1947), First Rector of the United Nations University, President of New York University
-*[[Eric Prabhakar]] (India & Christ Church 1948), Indian Olympic athlete
-*[[Guy Davenport|Guy M. Davenport]] (North Carolina & Merton 1948), American writer and man of letters
-*[[Robert Burchfield|R. W. Burchfield]] (New Zealand & Magdalen 1949), New Zealand lexicographer, editor of the [[Oxford English Dictionary]]
-*[[John Turner|John N. Turner]] PC CC QC (British Columbia & Magdalen 1949), [[Liberal Party of Canada]] leader and Prime Minister of Canada, 1984
-===1950s===
-*[[James Billington|James H. Billington]] (New Jersey & Balliol 1950), U.S. Librarian of Congress, 1987-
-*[[John Brademas]] (Indiana & Brasenose 1950), American politician, President of New York University, 1981-1992, U.S. Congressman (Indiana), 1959-1981
-*[[Tanjore R. Anantharaman]] (India & Trinity 1951), Indian metallurgist
-*[[Richard N. Gardner]] (New York & Balliol 1951), U.S. Ambassador to Italy (1977-1981) and to Spain (1993-1997)
-*[[Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)|Stuart Hall]] (Jamaica & Merton 1951), British cultural theorist
-*[[Thomas A. Bartlett]] (Oregon & University 1951), President of the American University in Cairo, 1963-1969, Interim President of AUC, 2002-2003; Chancellor of the University of Alabama System, 1981-1989; Chancellor of the State University of New York, 1994-1996
-*[[John Searle|John R. Searle]] (Wisconsin & Christ Church 1952), American philosopher
-*[[James Gobbo|James A. Gobbo]] CVO AC QC (Victoria & Magdalen 1952), Australian Supreme Court Judge and Governor of Victoria
-*[[Elliott H. Levitas]] (Georgia & University 1952), U.S. Congressman (Georgia), 1975-1985
-*[[Guido Calabresi]] (Connecticut & Magdalen 1953), American legal academic, Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit, Professor and Dean at Yale Law School
-*[[Ronald Dworkin|Ronald M. Dworkin]] (Rhode Island & Magdalen 1953), American legal philosopher
-*[[Edward De Bono|Edward de Bono]] (Malta & Christ Church 1953), Maltese writer
-*[[Julian Ogilvie Thompson]] (Diocesan College & Worcester 1953), businessman
-*[[Bob Hawke|Robert J. L. (Bob) Hawke]] (Western Australia & University 1953), Prime Minister of [[Australia]], 1983-1991
-*[[Laurie Ackermann]] (Cape Province & Worcester 1954), Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
-*[[Lord Hoffman|Lord (Leonard) Hoffman]] (South African College School & Queen's 1954), UK Lord Justice of Appeal
-*[[Norman F. Cantor]] (Manitoba & Oriel 1954), Canadian historian of the Middle Ages
-*[[Dick Lugar|Richard G. Lugar]] (Indiana & Pembroke 1954), U.S. Senator for Indiana, 1977-
-*[[Paul Sarbanes|Paul S. Sarbanes]] (Maryland & Balliol 1954), U.S. Senator for Maryland, 1977-2007
-*[[Robert O. Paxton]] (Virginia & Merton 1954), American historian of France
-*[[Ranjit Roy Chaudhury]] (India & Magdalen 1955), medical scientist
-*[[Reynolds Price]] (North Carolina & Merton 1955), American poet and novelist
-*[[Johan Steyn|Lord (Johan) Steyn]] (Cape Province & University 1955), UK Lord Justice of Appeal
-*[[Virendra Dayal]] (India & University 1956), Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
-*[[Neil Leon Rudenstine|Neil L. Rudenstine]] (Connecticut & New College 1956), American educator, President of Harvard University, 1991-2001
-*[[Arthur Kroeger]] CC (Alberta & Pembroke 1956), Canadian civil servant and diplomat, Chancellor of Carleton University, 1993-2002
-*[[Ranjit Bhatia]] (India & Jesus 1957), Indian Olympic athlete
-*[[Robert I. Rotberg]] (New Jersey & University 1957), American political scientist
-*[[Aaron Sloman]] (South African College School & Balliol 1957) Philosopher, AI researcher, Cognitive Scientist.
-*[[Kris Kristofferson|Kristoffer Kristofferson]] (California & Merton 1958), American actor and musician
-*[[Joseph Nye|Joseph S. Nye, Jr.]] (New Jersey & Exeter 1958), American political scientist, Chairman of the National Intelligence Council (1993-1994), Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (1994-1995), Dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard
-*[[Jonathan Kozol]] (Massachusetts & Magdalen 1958), American writer and social activist
-*[[Manmohan Malhoutra]] (India & Balliol 1958), Assistant Secretary-General of the Commonwealth
-*[[Pete Dawkins]] (Michigan & Brasenose 1959), 1958 [[Heisman Trophy]] Winner, Brigadier General, US Army (Ret. 1983), Chairman and CEO of Diversified Distribution Services, Travelers Group
-===1960s===
-*[[Paul Bamberg]], Professor of Mathematics and Physics at [[Harvard University]]
-*[[Richard Celeste|Richard F. Celeste]] (Ohio & Exeter 1960), Governor of [[Ohio]] (1983-1991), Director of the Peace Corps, U.S. Ambassador to India, President of Colorado College
-*[[Girish Karnad]] (India & Lincoln 1960), Indian Kannada-language playwright and film actor
-*[[Lester C. Thurow]] (Montana & Balliol 1960), American economist and author, professor of economics at MIT
-*[[David Souter|David H. Souter]] (New Hampshire & Magdalen 1961), Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1990-
-*[[David B. Frohnmayer]] (Oregon & Wadham 1962), President of the [[University of Oregon]], 1994-; Attorney General of Oregon, 1980-1991
-*[[Rex Adams|Rex D. Adams]] (West Virginia & Merton 1962), Chairman of the Board of PBS, Dean of the [[Fuqua School of Business]], [[Duke University]]
-*[[Walter B. Slocombe]] (Michigan & Balliol 1963), U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 1994-2001, Senior Advisor for National Defense for the CPA, Baghdad, 2003
-*[[David Boren|David L. Boren]] (Oklahoma & Balliol 1963), Governor of [[Oklahoma]], 1975-1979); U.S. Senator for Oklahoma, 1979-1994; President of the [[University of Oklahoma]]
-*[[Bryan Gould]] (New Zealand & Balliol 1963), British politician, Labour MP for Dagenham
-*[[R. James Woolsey]] (Oklahoma & St John's 1963), Director of Central Intelligence, 1993-1995
-*[[Montek Singh Ahluwalia]] (India & Magdalen 1964), Indian economist, first independent evaluator of IMF, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India
-*[[Wasim Sajjad]] (Pakistan & Wadham 1964), Pakistani politician and lawyer, Interim President of Pakistan, Chairman of the Senate
-*[[J. Gustave Speth]] (South Carolina & Balliol 1964), Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, 1993-1999, Dean of School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale
-*[[Larry Pressler]] (South Dakota & St Edmund Hall 1964), American politician, U.S. Senator for [[South Dakota]], 1979-1997
-*[[Bill Bradley|William W. Bradley]] (Missouri & Worcester 1965), American politician, NBA star, U.S. Senator for [[New Jersey]], 1979-1997, and Democratic presidential candidate, 2000
-*[[Aftab Seth]] (India & Christ Church 1965), Indian Ambassador to Japan
-*[[Daryl Williams]] AM QC (1965), Australian politician, Liberal Member of the House of Representatives, 1993-2004, Attorney-General of Australia 1996-2003
-*[[Wesley Clark|Wesley K. Clark]] (Arkansas & Magdalen 1966), American military officer and politician, Supreme Allied Commander, [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]], 1997-2000; Democratic presidential candidate, 2004
-*[[Terrence Malick|Terrence F. Malick]] (Oklahoma & Magdalen 1966), American film director of ''[[The Thin Red Line (1998 film)|The Thin Red Line]]'', ''[[Badlands (film)|Badlands]]'', and ''[[The New World]]''
-*[[Michael Spence|A. Michael Spence]] (Ontario & Magdalen 1966), Canadian economist, Nobel Prize in Economics for 2001
-*Rt Rev [[Thomas Frerking]] [[OSB]] (Harvard 1966), Abbot, Abbey of St. Mary and St. Louis
-*[[David E. Kendall]] (Indiana & Worcester 1966), American lawyer, President Clinton's personal lawyer
-*[[Deepak Nayyar]] (India & Balliol 1967), Vice Chancellor of Delhi University
-*[[Thomas H. Allen]] (Maine & Wadham 1967), American politician, U.S. Congressman (Maine), 1997-
-*[[J. Michael Kirchberg, Jr.]] (California & Brasenose 1967), USNA, American educator
-*[[David C. Hardesty, Jr.]] (West Virginia & Queen's 1967), President of West Virginia University
-*[[Stephen A. Oxman]] (New Jersey & New College 1967), U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs, 1993-1994
-*[[Bill Clinton|William J. Clinton]] (Arkansas & University 1968), American politician, 42nd [[President of the United States]], 1993-2001, Governor of Arkansas, 1979-1981 & 1983-1993
-*[[Robert Reich|Robert B. Reich]] (New Hampshire & University 1968), American commentator and author, U.S. [[Secretary of Labor]], 1993-1997
-*[[Robert McCallum, Jr.|Robert D. McCallum, Jr.]] (Tennessee & Christ Church 1968), American lawyer, U.S. Associate Attorney General, 2003-
-*[[Boisfeuillet Jones, Jr.]] (Georgia & Exeter 1968), Publisher and CEO of ''[[The Washington Post]]''
-*[[Strobe Talbott]] (Ohio & Magdalen 1968), American diplomat and journalist, U.S. [[Deputy Secretary of State]] (1994-2001), President of the [[Brookings Institution]]
-*[[William A. Fletcher]] (Washington & Merton 1968), Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit
-*[[Rex Murphy]] (Newfoundland & St Edmund Hall 1968), Canadian commentator
-*[[Danny Williams (politician)|Danny Williams]] PC QC (Newfoundland), lawyer and businessman, Canadian politician, Premier of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]]
-*[[Ira Magaziner]] (Rhode Island & Balliol 1969), White House Senior Aide, 1993-1999, originator of ICANN
-*[[Chris Laidlaw|Christopher R. Laidlaw]] (New Zealand & Merton 1969), [[New Zealand]] [[All Black]], diplomat, [[Member of Parliament|MP]], author, Human Rights Commissioner and Race Relations Conciliator
-*[[Bob Rae|Robert K. Rae]] PC OC QC (Ontario & Balliol 1969), Canadian politician, former Premier of [[Ontario]]
-* Gilles Berthiaume ([[Keble College, Oxford|Keble]] 1966), Program Manager, Fujitsu Siemens Computers
-* [[Dyson Heydon]], High Court Judge of Australia
-===1970s===
-*[[Randall Kennedy]] (Princeton 1977), Harvard Law School Professor
-*[[James Bathurst]] University Of Sussex,[[University Of Melbourne]]
-*[[Geoffrey Robertson]] QC (Sydney, 1970), barrister and international human rights activist
-*[[Richard H. Trainor]] (Rhode Island & Merton 1970), Principal of Kings College London
-*[[Dennis Blair]], (Virginia & University, 1970), retired 4-star [[Admiral]], President of the [[Institute for Defense Analyses]] and former [[Commander in Chief]] of [[U.S. Pacific Command]]
-*[[Jack Phillips ]] (McGill & Balliol 1978), American Political Advisor and Inventor
-*[[Franklin D. Raines]] (Washington & Magdalen 1971), Chairman and CEO of [[Fannie Mae]], 1999-2004; Director of the Office of Management and Budget, 1996-1998
-*[[Kurt L. Schmoke]] (Maryland & Balliol 1971), Mayor of [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], 1987-1999; Dean of Howard University School of Law
-*[[James R. Atlas]] (Illinois & New College 1971), American writer ''([[The New Yorker]])''
-*[[James Fallows]] (California & Queen's 1970), American writer ''([[The Atlantic Monthly]])''
-*[[Geoffrey Gallop|Geoffrey I. Gallop]] (Western Australia 1972), Premier of Western Australia, 2001-2006
-*[[Michael Kinsley|Michael E. Kinsley]] (Michigan & Magdalen 1972), American journalist ''([[Los Angeles Times]])'', founder of ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' magazine, editor of ''[[The New Republic]]''
-*[[Tom Birmingham|Thomas F. Birmingham]] (Massachusetts & Exeter 1972), President of the Massachusetts Senate, Candidate for Democratic nomintion for Governor of Massachusetts, 2002
-*[[Kim Beazley|Kim C. Beazley]] (1973), Australian politician, Former Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the Opposition
-*[[Richard N. Haass]] (Florida & Wadham & St Antony's 1973), President of the Council on Foreign Relations, Director of the Policy Planning Staff at the U.S. Department of State, 2001-2003
-*[[E. J. Dionne]] (Massachusetts & Balliol 1973), American journalist and ''[[Washington Post]]'' columnist
-*[[Paul Blustein]] (Wisconsin & Merton 1973), American author and journalist ''([[The Washington Post]])''
-*Sir [[Rod Eddington]] (Western Australia & Lincoln 1974), Former CEO of British Airways
-*[[Charles Thomas McMillen|C. Thomas McMillen]] (Maryland & University 1974), U.S. Olympian, NBA basketball player, U.S. Congressman (Maryland), 1987-1993
-*[[Walter Isaacson]] (Louisiana & Pembroke 1974), author, President of the Aspen Institute, Managing Editor of ''[[Time]]'' magazine (1995-2001), Chairman and CEO of [[CNN]]
-*[[Elliot F. Gerson]] (Connecticut & Magdalen 1974), American Secretary of the Rhodes Trust, Vice President of the Aspen Institute, Deputy Attorney General of Connecticut
-*[[Edwin Cameron]] (South Africa-at-Large & Keble 1975), Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, [[African National Congress]] lawyer and AIDS activist
-*[[Larry Sabato|Larry J. Sabato]] (Virginia & Queen's 1975), American political scientist
-*[[Russ Feingold|Russell D. Feingold]] (Wisconsin & Magdalen 1975), U.S. Senator for [[Wisconsin]], 1993-
-*[[Michael Sandel]] (Massachusetts & Balliol 1975), American political philosopher and professor at Harvard University
-*[[Mel Reynolds|Melvin J. Reynolds]] (Illinois & Lincoln 1975), U.S. Congressman (Illinois), 1993-1995
-* Michael Gerrard L'Estrange—BA University of Sydney (1976)
-*[[Malcolm Turnbull]] (Sydney 1978), Australian lawyer, banker, and politician, Liberal Member of the House of Representatives, 2004-
-*[[C. David Naylor]] (Ontario & Hertford 1979), Canadian medical researcher, President of the [[University of Toronto]]
-*[[Nancy-Ann Min DeParle]] (Tennessee & Balliol 1979), Administrator of the U.S. Health Care Financing Administration, 1997-2000
-*[[Stephen Gumley]] (Tasmania, 1979), Chief Executive Officer of the [[Defence Materiel Organisation]] (Australia)
-===1980s===
-*[[Elsdon Storey]] (Victoria & Magdalen & Wolfson 1980), Australian neurologist
-*[[Tony Abbott]] (New South Wales 1980), Australian politician, minister of health and aging, Member of the House of Representatives, 1994-
-*[[Clark Ervin|Clark Kent Ervin]] (Texas & St Catherine's 1980), Former Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
-*[[Nicholas D. Kristof]] (Oregon & Magdalen 1981), ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter and columnist
-*[[Heather Wilson|Heather A. Wilson]] (New Hampshire & Jesus 1982), U.S. Congresswoman (New Mexico), 1998-
-*[[Richard Flanagan]] (Tasmania 1983), Australian author, winner of the 2002 [[Commonwealth Writers Prize]]
-*[[David Vitter|David B. Vitter]] (Louisiana & Magdalen 1983), U.S. Senator (Louisiana), 2005-
-*[[Christopher Eisgruber]] (Oregon & University 1983), Provost of Princeton University
-*[[Elizabeth Kiss]] (North Carolina & Balliol 1983), President of [[Agnes Scott College]].
-*[[Bill Halter]] (Arkansas & St. Johns, 1983), Arkansas Lt. Governor.
-*[[Christopher Hedrick]] (Washington and Magdalen, 1984), President and CEO of Intrepid Learning Solutions
-*[[George Stephanopoulos]] (Ohio & Balliol 1984), moderator of [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s ''[[This Week]]'' and communications director for [[Bill Clinton]]'s 1992 presidential campaign
-*[[Brian Greene]] (New York & Magdalen 1984), American physicist and string theorist
-*[[Robert Malley]] (Connecticut & Magdalen 1984), Director for Near East and South Asian Affairs, National Security Council, 1997-2001
-*[[Ronald Tenpas]] (Michigan State 1984),  Associate Deputy Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, 2005-
-*[[Naomi Wolf|Naomi R. Wolf]] (Connecticut & New College 1985), American author and feminist social critic
-*[[Susan E. Rice]] (District of Columbia & New College 1986), U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, 1997-2001
-*[[Jacob Weisberg]] (Illinois & New College 1987), journalist and editor of ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' magazine
-*[[Atul Gawande|Atul A. Gawande]] (Ohio & Balliol 1987), surgeon and ''[[The New Yorker|New Yorker]]'' medical writer
-*[[David Chalmers]] (Australia & Lincoln 1987), Australian [[philosopher of mind]]
-*[[David Kirk|David E. Kirk]] (New Zealand & Worcester 1987), captain of the [[New Zealand]] [[All Blacks]] who won the inaugural [[Rugby World Cup|Rugby (Union) World Cup]] in [[1987 Rugby World Cup|1987]]
-*[[Brad Carson|Brad R. Carson]] (Oklahoma & Trinity 1989), U.S. Congressman (Oklahoma), 2001-2005
-===1990s===
-*[[Arthur Mutambara]] (Zimbabwe & Merton 1991), [[Zimbabwe]]an politician who became President of one faction of the [[Movement for Democratic Change]] in 2006
-*[[Cory Booker|Cory A. Booker]] (New Jersey & Queen's 1992), mayor of [[Newark, New Jersey]]
-*[[Bobby Jindal|Piyush "Bobby" Jindal]] (Louisiana & New College 1992), U.S. Congressman (Louisiana), 2005-, U.S. Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, 2001-2004, President of the University of Louisiana System, 1999-2001
-* [[Sanjeev Sanyal]] (India & St.John's 1992), noted Asian economist, banker and conservationist
-*[[Nikolas Gvosdev]] (Florida & St Antony's 1992), editor of ''[[The National Interest]]''
-*[[Noah Feldman]] (Massachusetts & Christ Church 1992), American author, NYU law professor, constitutional advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, 2003-2005
-*[[Peter Beinart]] (Massachusetts & University 1993), editor of ''[[The New Republic]]''
-*[[Randal Pinkett]] (New Jersey & Keble 1994), President and CEO of BCT Partners, and winner of ''[[The Apprentice 4]]''
-*[[Rachel Maddow]] (California & Lincoln 1995), host of ''[[The Rachel Maddow Show]]'' on [[Air America Radio]]
-*[[Andrew Marsaw]] ([[Laurentian University]] 1996), Canadian Civil Servant
-*[[Alexander Straub]] (Germany & St John's 1996), Entrepreneur and Financier
-*[[Annette Salmeen]] (California & St John's 1997), 1996 American Olympic gold medalist in swimming
-*[[Rachel Simmons]] (New York & Lincoln 1998), American author of ''Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls'' (Harcourt, 2002)
-*[[Eric Garcetti]] (New York and Queen's, '93), President of the Los Angeles City Council
-* [[Ben Cannon]] (Missouri and Corpus Christi, '99), Oregon State Representative-Elect
-* [[Marc Kielburger]], [[Canada|Canadian]] [[humanitarian]] and [[activist]], [[Free The Children]]
-===2000s===
-*[[Garrett Johnson]] ([[Florida]] & [[Florida State University]] 2006), Elite American [[shot put|Shot Putter]]
-===Centenary degrees===
 In recognition of the centenary of the foundation of the Rhodes Trust in 2003, four scholars were awarded honorary [[Academic degree|degrees]] by the University of Oxford:
 *[[John Brademas]] (Indiana & Brasenose 1950), President of New York University, U.S. Congressman (Indiana), 1959-1981
 *[[Bob Hawke|Robert J. L. (Bob) Hawke]] (Western Australia & University 1953), Prime Minister of [[Australia]], 1983-1991
-*[[Rex Nettleford]] (Jamaica 1957), Vice-Chancellor of the University of the West Indies, author, dance director
+*[[Rex Nettleford]] (Jamaica & Oriel 1957), Vice-Chancellor of the University of the West Indies, author, dance director
 *[[David R. Woods]] (Rhodes & University 1963), Vice-Chancellor of Rhodes University
-==  Former trustees ==
+== Current trustees ==
+The Trust<ref>[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/whoswho.htm Rhodes Trust Board of Trustees]</ref> is governed by a Board of Trustees:
+*[[William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill|Lord Waldegrave of North Hill]] (Chairman)
+*Professor Sir John Bell (Alberta & Magdalen 1975)
+*[[Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell|Lord Butler of Brockwell]]
+*[[Sir Rod Eddington]] (Western Australia & Lincoln 1974)
+*Professor Elizabeth Fallaize
+*[[Robert Fellowes, Baron Fellowes|Lord Fellowes]]
+*[[Rosalind Hedley-Miller]]<ref>[http://www.efinancialnews.com/investmentbanking/fn100/content/2449053386/rosalindhedleymiller  Top 100 Women in European Finance 2007] Financial News Online, 29 Oct 2007</ref>
+*[[Sir John Kerr, Baron Kerr of Kinlochard|Lord Kerr of Kinlochard]]
+*[[Julian Ogilvie Thompson]]
+*[[Thomas W. Seaman]]
+*Professor [[John Vickers|Sir John Vickers]]
+The business of the Trust is administered by the Warden of Rhodes House and Secretary to the Trust, [[Colin Renshaw Lucas|Sir Colin Lucas]].
-*[[Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey]]
+== Former trustees ==
+*[[Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey|Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey]]
 *[[Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham]]
 *[[Rudyard Kipling]]
+== Notes ==
+<references/>
+== References ==
+*R.I. Rotberg, "The Founder: Cecil Rhodes and the Pursuit of Power" (Oxford University Press, New York, 1988)
+*Anthony Kenny (ed.), "The History of the Rhodes Trust" (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001)
 == External links ==
+* [http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/ The Rhodes Trust]
-*[http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/ The Rhodes Trust] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/history.htm History of Rhodes Trust and Rhodes Scholarship]
-*[http://www.rhodesscholar.org/ The American Secretary, Rhodes Scholarship Trust] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://bigsight.org/affiliation/rhodesscholars Updates on Rhodes Alumni]
-*[http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/rhodes/ The Australian Rhodes Scholarship] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/infoscholar.htm Scholarship and application information page]
-*[http://www.rhodes.bm/ Bermuda Selection Committee] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/rhodes/ The Australian Rhodes Scholarship]
-*[http://www.rhodes-deutschland.de/ The Rhodes Trust in Germany] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.rhodes.bm/ Bermuda Selection Committee]
-*[http://www.rhodesindia.com/ Indian Rhodes Scholarships] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.canadian-rhodes-scholars.ca/index.html  The Canadian Association of Rhodes Scholars]
-*[http://www.rhodes-caribbean.com/ Committee for Jamaica and the Commonwealth Caribbean] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.rhodes-deutschland.de/ The Rhodes Trust in Germany]
-*[http://www.nzvcc.ac.nz/default.aspx?l=4&p=64 New Zealand Vice-Chancellors' Committee page on Rhodes Scholarships] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.rhodesindia.com/ Indian Rhodes Scholarships]
-*[http://www.rhodestrust.org.za/ Southern African Rhodes Scholarships] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.rhodes-caribbean.com/ Committee for Jamaica and the Commonwealth Caribbean]
-*[http://www.ru.ac.za/ Rhodes University—South Africa] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.nzvcc.ac.nz/default.aspx?l=4&p=64 New Zealand Vice-Chancellors' Committee page on Rhodes Scholarships]
-*[http://www.usna.edu/Admissions/Notables/RhodesScholars/index.htm/ United States Naval Academy Rhodes Scholars] Retrieved December 12, 2007.
+* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/R/RhodesScholarships/RhodesScholarships/en New Zealand Rhodes Scholars, listed for 1903 to 1964]
+* [http://www.rhodescentenary.co.za/Mandela_frame.htm The Mandela Rhodes Foundation in South Africa]
+* [http://www.rhodestrust.org.za/ Southern African Rhodes Scholarships]
+* [http://www.ru.ac.za/ Rhodes University—South Africa]
+* [http://www.rhodesscholar.org/ The Rhodes Trust, USA]
+* [http://www.americanrhodes.org/ Association of American Rhodes Scholars]
+* [http://www.usna.edu/Admissions/Notables/RhodesScholars/index.htm/ United States Naval Academy Rhodes Scholars]
+* [http://www.rhodesproject.com/ The first in-depth study of Rhodes women]
-{{Credits|Rhodes_Scholarship|112749352|}}
+{{Credits|Rhodes_Scholarship|216729527|}}