Milan
| Comune di Milano | |||
| The Milan Cathedral | |||
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| Sovereign state | Italy | ||
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| Insubric settlement | c. 600 B.C.E. | ||
| Roman foundation | 222 B.C.E. | ||
| Website: www.comune.milano.it | |||
Milan (Italian: Milano; Western Lombard: Milan (listen)), the capital in the Province of Milano, of Lombardy, northern Italy, is one of the largest cities in Italy.
The municipality (Comune di Milano) has a population of 1.3 million. The Milan metropolitan area, depending on the specific definition, has a population ranging from 2.9 to 7.4 million. The municipal border covers a relatively small area (about one-eighth that of Rome).
Milan is renowned as one of the world capitals of design and fashion.[1] The English word milliner is derived from the name of the city. The Lombard metropolis is famous for its fashion houses and shops (such as along via Montenapoleone) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele in the Piazza Duomo (reputed to be the world's oldest shopping mall).
The city hosted the World Exposition in 1906 and will host the Universal Expo in 2015.
Inhabitants of Milan are referred to as "Milanese" (Italian: Milanesi or informally Meneghini or Ambrosiani).
Geography
In the Roman name Mediolanum the name element -lanum is the Celtic equivalent of -planum "plain'", thus Mediolanum: "in the midst of the plain". The German name for the city is Mailand, while in the local Western Lombard dialect, the city's name is Milán, similar to the French.
Milan is located in the Po Basin of northern Italy, 400 feet (122 metres) above sea level. Toward the Alps to the north, the terrain is arid, while marshy groves and rice fields predominate near the Po River.
Milan is classified as having a humid subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers with little rainfall and cool, damp winters. The average maximum temperature in July is around 82°F (28°C), and in January is 43°F (6°C). Snowfalls are relatively common in winter. Mean annual precipitation is 40 inches (1000mm). The city was typically often shrouded in the fog characteristic of the Po Basin, although the removal of rice fields from the southern neighbourhoods, the urban heat island effect, and the reduction of pollution levels have reduced this phenomenon in recent years, at least in the downtown.
The Olona river, the Lambro river and the Seveso creek run through Milan. Olona and Seveso run mostly underground.
Size – land area, size comparison Environmental issues Districts
History
Etymology
The origin of the name and of a boar as a symbol of the city are fancifully accounted for in Andrea Alciato's Emblemata (1584), beneath a woodcut of the first raising of the city walls, where a boar is seen lifted from the excavation, and the etymology of Mediolanum given as "half-wool",[2] explained in Latin and in French.
The foundation of Milan is credited to two Celtic peoples, the Bituriges and the Aedui, having as their emblems a ram and a boar;[3] therefore "The city’s symbol is a wool-bearing boar, an animal of double form, here with sharp bristles, there with sleek wool."[4] Alciato credits the most saintly and learned Ambrose for his account.[5]
Roman times
Around 400 B.C.E., the Celtic Insubres inhabited Milan and the surrounding region. In 222 B.C.E., the Romans conquered this settlement, which received the name Mediolanum.
After several centuries of Roman control, Milan was declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 293 C.E. Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire (capital Nicomedia) and his colleague Maximianus the Western one. Immediately Maximian built several gigantic monuments, like a large circus (470 x 85 meters), the Thermae Erculee, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other services and buildings.
In the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians. The city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, and the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. Fifty years later (in 452), the Huns overran the city. In 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan in the course of the so-called Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, the Longobards (from which the name of the Italian region Lombardy derives) conquered Milan, overpowering the small Byzantine army left for its defence. Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne, in an utterly novel decision, took the title "King of the Lombards" as well (before then the Germanic kingdoms had frequently conquered each other, but none had adopted the title of King of another people). Subsequently Milan was part of the Holy Roman Empire.
Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, Milan prospered as a center of trade due to its command of the rich plain of the Po and routes from Italy across the Alps. The war of conquest by Frederick I Barbarossa against the Lombard cities brought the destruction of much of Milan in 1162. After the founding of the Lombard League in 1167, Milan took the leading role in this alliance. As a result of the independence that the Lombard cities gained in the Peace of Constance in 1183, Milan became a duchy. In 1208 Rambertino Buvalelli served a term as podestà of the city, in 1242 Luca Grimaldi, and in 1282 Luchetto Gattilusio. In 1395, Gian Galeazzo Visconti became duke of Milan. In 1447 Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, died without a male heir; following the end of the Visconti line, the Ambrosian Republic was enacted. However, the Republic collapsed when in 1450, Milan was conquered by Francesco Sforza, of the House of Sforza, which made Milan one of the leading cities of the Italian Renaissance.
Periods of Spanish, French and Austrian domination
The French king Louis XII first laid claim to the duchy in 1492. At that time, Milan was defended by Swiss mercenaries. After the victory of Louis’s successor Francis I over the Swiss at the Battle of Marignano, the duchy was promised to the French king Francis I. When the Habsburg Charles V defeated Francis I at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, northern Italy, including Milan, passed to the House of Habsburg. In 1556, Charles V abdicated in favour of his son Philip II and his brother Ferdinand I. Charles’s Italian possessions, including Milan, passed to Philip II and the Spanish line of Habsburgs, while Ferdinand’s Austrian line of Habsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire.
However, in 1700 the Spanish line of Habsburgs was extinguished with the death of Charles II. After his death, the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701 with the occupation of all Spanish possessions by French troops backing the claim of the French Philippe of Anjou to the Spanish throne. In 1706, the French were defeated in Ramillies and Turin and were forced to yield northern Italy to the Austrian Habsburgs. In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht formally confirmed Austrian sovereignty over most of Spain’s Italian possessions including Lombardy and its capital, Milan.
19th Century
Napoleon conquered Lombardy in 1796, and Milan was declared capital of the Cisalpine Republic. Later, he declared Milan capital of the Reign of Italy and was crowned in the Duomo. Once Napoleon’s occupation ended, the Congress of Vienna returned Lombardy, and Milan, along with the Veneto, to Austrian control in 1815. During this period, Milan became a centre of lyric opera. Here Mozart wrote three operas, and in a few years La Scala became the reference theatre in the world, with its premieres of Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi. Verdi himself is now tumulated in a precious Institute, the "Casa di Riposo per Musicisti", the Verdi's present to Milan. In the 19th century other important theatres were La Cannobiana and the Teatro Carcano.
On March 18, 1848, the Milanese rebelled against Austrian rule, during the so-called "Five Days" (It. Cinque Giornate), and Field Marshall Radetzky was forced to withdraw from the city temporarily. However, after defeating Italian forces at Custoza on July 24, Radetzky was able to reassert Austrian control over Milan and northern Italy. However, Italian nationalists, championed by the Kingdom of Sardinia, called for the removal of Austria in the interest of Italian unification. Sardinia and France formed an alliance and defeated Austria at the Battle of Solferino in 1859. Following this battle, Milan and the rest of Lombardy were incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia, which soon gained control of most of Italy and in 1861 was rechristened as the Kingdom of Italy.
The political unification of Italy cemented Milan’s commercial dominance over northern Italy. It also led to a flurry of railway construction that made Milan the rail hub of northern Italy. Rapid industrialization put Milan at the centre of Italy’s leading industrial region, though in the 1890s Milan was shaken by the Bava-Beccaris massacre, a riot related to an high inflation rate. Meanwhile, as Milanese banks dominated Italy’s financial sphere, the city became the country’s leading financial centre. Milan’s economic growth brought a rapid expansion in the city’s area and population during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
20th Century
In 1919, Benito Mussolini organized the Blackshirts, who formed the core of Italy’s Fascist movement, in Milan. In 1922, Mussolini started his March on Rome from Milan.
During World War II, Milan suffered severe damage from British and American bombing, Even though Italy quit the war in 1943, the Germans occupied most of northern Italy until 1945. Some of the worst Allied bombing of Milan was in 1944. Much of the bombing focused around Milan's main train station.
In 1943, anti-German resistance in occupied Italy increased and there were explosions in Milan.
As the war came to an end, the American 1st Armored Division advanced on Milan as part of the Po Valley Campaign. But even before they arrived, members of the Italian resistance movement rose up in open revolt in Milan and liberated the city. Nearby, Mussolini and several members of his Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, or RSI) were captured by the resistance at Dongo and executed. On 29 April 1945, the bodies of the Fascists were taken to Milan and hung unceremoniously upside-down at Piazzale loreto a public square.
After the war the city was the site of a refugee camp for Jews fleeing from Austria. During the 1950s and 1960s, thousands of Italians, particularly from Southern Italy, moved to Milan to seek jobs within the city’s rapidly expanding economy and the population peaked at 1,723,000 in 1971. From the 1980s Milan become to host many immigrants from other countries of third world. In the same years began the quick and great extension of Chinatown, a district established in the 20s in the area around Via Paolo Sarpi, Via Bramante, Via Messina and Via Rosmini, by a group of Chinese people from Zejiang. Today is one of the most picturesque district in the city. Much of Milan's population however was lost during the 1970s and 1980s to the belt of new suburbs and small cities surrounding Milan. Nonetheless, Milan’s population seems to have stabilized, and there has been a slight increase in the population of the city since 2001.
Government
Italy is a republic in which the president is chief of state who is elected by an electoral college for a seven-year term. The prime minister, who is head of government, is appointed by the president and confirmed by parliament. The bicameral Parlamento consists of a senate of 315 members, and the chamber of deputies of 630 members, both houses elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms.
The city, or comune, of Milan is the capital of the Lombardy region, which is one of Italy's 20 regions, and of the province of Milan. Italy's 100 provinces have their own local elections. Each province has a prefect who is appointed by and responds to the central government, which he locally represents.
The comune provides many basic civil functions. It has a registry of births and deaths, a registry of deeds, and it contracts for local roads and public works. It is headed by a mayor (sindaco) assisted by a council of aldermen, the Consiglio Comunale. The offices of the comune are housed in a building usually called the Municipio, or Palazzo Comunale.
The city of Milan is subdivided into nine administrative zones, called Zona. The Zona 1 is in the historic centre - within the perimeter of the Spanish-era city walls, the other eight cover from Zona 1 borders to the city limits.[6].
Economy
Overview – Any specialization: For instance, is a manufactured product is associated with particular cities a. Milwaukee—cheese and beer b. Los Angeles—entertainment industry c. Sheffield—coal d. top 20 cities in the U.S. are highly specialized
Per capita GDP, rank
Financial and business services sector
Tourism
Manufacturing
Transport: Road, rail, air, sea
Milan is one of the major financial and business centres of the world. The city is the seat of the Italian Stock Exchange (the Borsa Italiana) "Piazza Affari" and its hinterland is an avant-garde industrial area. Milan was included in a list of ten "Alpha world cities" by Peter J. Taylor and Robert E. Lang of the Brookings Institution in the economic report "U.S. Cities in the 'World City Network'" (Key Findings, 
PDF).
Milan is also well-known as the seat of the Alfa Romeo motorcar company, for its silk production, and as one of the world's capitals for fashion and a world leader for design.
Milan also provides directional functions for the whole of Lombardy, as its industrial base has been externalized throughout the region in the 1960s-70s.
FieraMilano, the city's Exhibition Centre and Trade Fair complex, is notable. The original fairground, known as "FieraMilanoCity", has been entirely dismantled, with the exception of a few remarkable buildings (including the cycle sports stadium, built in the '20s), to be house for an urban development, CityLife, using the short distance from the city centre. The new fairground, in the north-western suburb of Rho, opened in April 2005, makes the Fiera Milano the largest trade fair complex in the world.
Milan of the future
At present, Milan is experiencing a significant architectural and urban design renaissance. Many new construction projects are under way with the aim of rehabilitating disused, peripheral industrial areas, including entire quarters. Examples of these projects include: the addition to the Teatro alla Scala; the CityLife project in the old "fiera" site; the new quarter Santa Giulia; and the Porta Nuova project in the Garibaldi-Repubblica zone. Famous architects are involved in the construction of this "new" Milan, such as Renzo Piano, Norman Foster, Zaha Hadid, Massimiliano Fuksas and Daniel Libeskind. These major works will give Milan a new skyline no longer dominated by the Duomo and the Pirelli Tower.
This urban rebirth will continue due to the selection of Milan to host Expo 2015.
Milan is the second railway hub of Italy, and the five major stations of Milan, amongst which the Milan Central station, are among Italy's busiest. The first railroad built in Milan, the Milan and Monza Rail Road was opened for service on August 17, 1840.
Long distance buses are run by the SITA, Copit, CAP and Lazzi companies, which also accommodate travellers from the Amerigo Vespucci Airport, which is 3.1 miles (5km) west of the city center.
Milan has three subway lines and the system, called Milan Metro – La Metrò or sometimes Il Metrò, running for more than 80 km. There is also a light metro-service, "Metrò S. Raffaele", connecting the San Raffaele Hospital with Cascina Gobba station (M2).
Greater Milan also has an extensive tramway system, with more than 286 km of track, and 20 lines. Milan also has four trolleybus routes; included in the fleet are ten air-conditioned Cristalis trolleybuses. Ninety-three bus lines cover over 1,070 km between them. The local transportation authority (ATM) transported more than 600 million passengers in 2003.
Milan has a taxi service operated by private companies and licensed by the City of Milan (Comune di Milano). All taxis are the same color, white.
The city has a large international airport known as Malpensa International Airport (MXP), located near the industrial towns of Busto Arsizio and Gallarate and connected to the downtown with the "Malpensa Express" railway service. Milan also has the Linate Airport (LIN) within the city limits (for European and domestic traffic). A third airport is Orio al Serio (BGY), close to the city of Bergamo.
Demographics
The city proper (Comune di Milano) has a population of 1,298,972 inhabitants (2007)[7]. Between 1991 to 2001, the city proper has lost 113,084 inhabitants (8.3 percent), mostly due to suburban sprawl and expulsion of population from the inner city centre, which is now almost fully dedicated to offices and commerce. The population of the urban area is estimated to be 3,076,643[8]. Finally, the official population of the Milan metropolitan area counts 3.707.000 residents, the second largest in Italy after Rome.
As of 2006, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 292,204 foreign-born immigrants live in Milan Urban Area, equal to 9% of total population.
Race/ethnicity - historical background of ethnic groups
Language
In addition to Italian, approximately a third of the population of western Lombardy can speak the Western Lombard language, also known as Insubric. In Milan, some natives of the city can speak the traditional Milanese language—that is to say the urban variety of Western Lombard, which is not to be confused with the Milanese-influenced regional variety of the Italian language.
Religion
Milan's population, like that of Italy as a whole, is overwhelmingly Catholic. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan. Other religions practised include Buddhism[9], Judaism[10], Islam[11][12] and Protestantism[13][14].
Milan has its own historic Catholic rite known as the Ambrosian Rite (it: rito ambrosiano). It varies slightly from the typical Catholic rite (the Roman, used in all other western regions), with some differences in the liturgy and mass celebrations, and in the calendar (for example, the date of carnival is celebrated some days after the common date). The Ambrosian rite is also practised in other surrounding locations in Lombardy and in the Swiss canton of Ticino.
Another important difference concerns the liturgical music. The Gregorian chant was completely unused in Milan and surrounding areas, because the official one was its own Ambrosian chant, definitively established by the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and earlier than the Gregorian [2]. To preserve this music there has developed the unique schola cantorum, a college, and an Institute in partnership with the "Pontifical Ambrosian Institute of Sacred Music" (PIAMS) in Rome [3].
Milan is home to numerous universities and other institutions of higher learning:
State Universities
- Università degli Studi di Milano Faculties: Agriculture, Arts and Philosophy, Law, Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Pharmacy, Political Science, Sport and Exercise Science, Veterinary Medicine
- University of Milan Bicocca Faculties: Economics; Educational Science; Law; Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences; Medicine and Surgery; Psychology; Sociology; Statistical Sciences
Science and medical
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
- Tethys Research Institute
Architecture and engineering
- Politecnico di Milano Statal University - 17 Departments
Business, economic and social
- Bocconi University
- Scuola Superiore di Direzione Aziendale – Bocconi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Language, art and music
- Accademia d’Arti e Mestieri dello Spettacolo alla Scala
- Brera Academy Academy of Fine Arts of Brera
- Università I.U.L.M.
- Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano - NABA
- Conservatorio Superiore "G. Verdi" di Milano
- Scuola Beato Angelico
Actor and Theatre School
- Scuole Civiche di Milano Politecnico della Cultura, delle Arti e delle Lingue
- Piccolo Teatro di Milano
- Accademia dei Filodrammatici
Fashion and design
- Domus Academy, Postgraduate School of Design
- Istituto Europeo di Design
- Istituto Marangoni
- Politecnico di Milano - Facoltà del Design
- SPD Scuola Politecnica Di Design
Other
- I.S.E.F. Milano – Centro accademico sportivo "Rino Fenaroli"
Of interest
File:Milano Duomo 1.jpg The Milan Cathedral from the opposite square |
_-_The_Last_Supper_(1495-1498).jpg) Leonardo Da Vinci's Last Supper, in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan. |
File:Milano brera cortile.jpg Brera Academy. |
File:Sdabocconi.jpg Bocconi University. |
- See also: Buildings and structures in Milan
Milan is one of the major artistic centres of northern Italy. Its chief landmarks include:
- The Duomo, the world's largest collection of marble statues with the widely visible golden Madonna statue on top of the spire, la Madunina (little Madonna), the symbol of Milan.
- Teatro alla Scala. Milan is also one of the most important centres in the world for Opera lirica, with his famous Teatro alla Scala (La Scala).
- The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, a large, covered arcade linking the Duomo's piazza with the Teatro alla Scala.
- The Castello Sforzesco and the Parco Sempione.
- The Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
- The Palaeo-Christian Basilica of San Lorenzo
- The Biblioteca Ambrosiana, containing drawings and notebooks by Leonardo da Vinci among its vast holdings of books, manuscripts, and drawings, and is one of the main repositories of European culture. The city is also the home of the Brera Academy of Fine Arts.
- The church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, which houses one of the most famous paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper (L'ultima cena or Il cenacolo).
- The church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro, with a famous trompe l'oeil traditionally ascribed to Bramante
- The Cimitero Monumentale di Milano.
- The Pinacoteca di Brera, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Poldi Pezzoli, the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum and the Musei del Castello galleries, which host a great number of pictorial masterpieces.
Culture
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Museums
- Acquario Civico di Milano
- Archivio Storico Civico e Biblioteca Trivulziana
- Casa di riposo per musicisti Giuseppe Verdi - burial site of Giuseppe Verdi and Giuseppina Strepponi
- Castello Sforzesco e civiche raccolte ivi contenute
- Civico Museo d'Arte Contemporanea
- Galleria d'Arte Moderna
- Galleria Vinciana
- Museo Archeologico
- Museo Bagatti Valsecchi
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano
- Museo d'Arte Antica
- Museo del Duomo di Milano
- Museo del Giocattolo
- Museo del Risorgimento di Milano
- Museo degli Strumenti Musicali
- Museo della Preistoria e Protostoria
- Museo delle Arti Decorative
- Museo di Milano
- Museo Diocesano
- Museo di Storia Contemporanea
- Museo Egizio di Milano
- Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci"
- Museo Poldi Pezzoli
- Museo Storico Alfa Romeo
- Museo Teatrale alla Scala
- Padiglione di Arte Contemporanea
- Palazzo Reale
- Pinacoteca Ambrosiana e Biblioteca Ambrosiana
- Pinacoteca di Brera
- Triennale (Palazzo dell'Arte)
Literature
In the late eighteenth century, and throughout the nineteenth, Milan was an important centre for intellectual discussion and literary creativity. The Enlightenment found here a fertile ground. Cesare Beccaria, with his famous Dei delitti e delle pene, and Pietro Verri, with the periodical Il Caffè were able to exert a considerable influence over the new middle-class culture, thanks also to an open-minded Austrian administration. In the first years of the nineteenth century, the ideals of the Romantic movement made their impact on the cultural life of the city and its major writers debated the primacy of Classical versus Romantic poetry. Here, too, Giuseppe Parini, and Ugo Foscolo published their most important works, and were admired by younger poets as masters of ethics, as well as of literary craftmanship. Foscolo's poem Dei sepolcri was inspired by a Napoleonic law which—against the will of many of its inhabitants—was being extended to the city.
In the third decade of the nineteenth century, Alessandro Manzoni wrote his novel I Promessi Sposi, a Milanese story of the XVII century, etc.. This historical novel was the real manifesto of Italian Romanticism, which found in Milan its centre. The periodical Il Conciliatore published articles by Silvio Pellico, Giovanni Berchet, Ludovico di Breme, who were both Romantic in poetry and patriotic in politics.
After the Unification of Italy in 1861, Milan lost its political importance; nevertheless it retained a sort of central position in cultural debates. New ideas and movements from other countries of Europe were accepted and discussed: thus Realism and Naturalism gave birth to an Italian movement, Verismo. The greatest verista novelist, Giovanni Verga, was born in Sicily but wrote his most important books in Milan.
Media
Milan is the base of operations for many local and nationwide communication services and businesses, such as newspapers, magazines, and TV and radio stations.
Newspapers:
- Corriere della Sera
- Il Giornale
- Il Giorno
- Il Sole 24 Ore
- Il Manifesto
- La Repubblica
- La Gazzetta dello Sport (sports only)
- La Padania
- Libero
- Milano Finanza
Magazines:
- La Settimana Enigmistica
- Abitare (architecture & design monthly)
- Casabella (architecture & design monthly)
- Domus (architecture & design monthly)
- Panorama (weekly)
Food
Like most cities in Italy, Milan and its surrounding area has its own regional cuisine. Milanese cuisine includes "cotoletta alla milanese", a breaded veal (pork and turkey can be used) cutlet pan-fried in butter (which some claim to be of Austrian origin, as it is similar to Viennese "Wienerschnitzel", while others claim that the "Wienerschnitzel" derived from the "cotoletta alla milanese"). Other typical dishes are cassoeula (stewed pork rib chops and sausage with Savoy cabbage and tomato sauce), ossobuco (stewed veal shank with tomato or lemon sauce), risotto alla milanese (with saffron, white wine and beef marrow), busecca (stewed tripe with beans and tomato sauce), and brasato (stewed beef or pork with wine and potatoes). Season-related pastries include chiacchiere (flat fritters dusted with sugar) and tortelli (fried spherical cookies) for Carnival, colomba (glazed cake shaped as a dove) for Easter, pane dei morti ("Bread of the Dead", cookies aromatized with cinnamon) for All Soul's Day and panettone for Christmas. The salame milano, a salami with a very fine grain, is widespread throughout Italy. The best known Milanese cheese is gorgonzola from the nearby town of that name, although today the major gorgonzola producers operate in Piedmont.
Sports
The city hosted, among other events, the FIFA World Cup in 1934 and 1990, the UEFA European Football Championship in 1980.
Football is the most popular sport in Italy, and Milan is home to two world-famous football teams: A.C. Milan and Internazionale. The former is normally referred to as "Mìlan" (notice the stress on the first syllable, unlike the English and Milanese name of the city), the latter as "Inter". A match between these two teams is known as the Milan derby.
Milan is the only city in Europe whose teams have won both the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup. Both teams play at Giuseppe Meazza – San Siro Stadium (85,700). Many of the strongest Italian football players were born in Milan, in the surrounding metropolitan area, or in Lombardy: Valentino Mazzola, Paolo Maldini, Giuseppe Meazza, Giacinto Facchetti, Luigi Riva, Gaetano Scirea, Giuseppe Bergomi, Walter Zenga, Antonio Cabrini, Roberto Donadoni, Gianluca Vialli, Silvio Piola, Gabriele Oriali, Giovanni Trapattoni and Franco Baresi as well as many others.
- The famous Monza Formula One circuit is located near the city, inside a wide park. It is one of the world's oldest car racing circuits. The capacity for the F1 races is currently around 137,000 spectators, although in the 1950s the stands could hold more than 250,000. It has hosted an F1 race nearly every year since the first year of competition, with the exception of 1980.
- Olimpia Milano (sponsored Armani) is a successful Italian and European basketball team. It is one of the most important and successful Italian teams and also one of the top teams in Europe too. Olimpia plays at the DatchForum arena (capacity 14,000).
- Rhinos Milano American Football Club is the oldest American football club in Milan and has won four Italian Super Bowls. They are one of the five foundation clubs of the Italian Football League.
- CUS Milano Baseball is the oldest baseball club in Milan and has won eight Italian Scudetti.
- The Amatori Rugby Milano has won 18 National Championships and are the most famous and important Rugby team in Italy.
- Different ice hockey teams from Milan have won 30 National Championships between them. The Vipers Milano have won 5 of the last 7 national championships, the Alpenliga and several Coppa Italia, and are the leaders of that sport in Italy. They play at the Agora Stadium (capacity 4,500) during the regular season, and at the Forum during playoffs.
- Every year, Milan hosts the Bonfiglio Trophy Under 18 Tennis Tournament. It is the most important youth tournament in the world, and is played at the Milan Tennis Club. The central court has a capacity of 8000. Past winners include Tacchini, Jan Kodes, Adriano Panatta, Corrado Barazzutti, Moreno, Björn Borg, Smid, Ivan Lendl, Guy Forget, Jim Courier, Goran Ivanišević, Yevgeny Kafelnikov, and Guillermo Coria.
Milan and Lombardy are official candidates for the Summer Olympic Games of 2020 ("Milan-Lombardy 2020").
Stadia
- Autodromo Nazionale Monza – car and motorcycle racing – 137,000
- San Siro – only football; Milan and Inter – 85,700
- Arena Civica – Athletics, Rugby, Football, American Football 30,000
- Brianteo – Athletics, Football – 18,568
- Ippodromo del Trotter – Horse Racing – 16,000
- Ippodromo del Galoppo – Horse Racing – 15,000
- Datch Forum – Basketball, Ice Hockey, Volleyball, Music – 9,000 to 12,000
- MazdaPalace – Basketball, Volleyball – 9,000
- Velodromo Vigorelli – Cycling, American Football – 12,000
- PalaLido – Basketball, Volleyball – 5,000
- PalaSHARP - 9,000
- Agorà – Ice Hockey – 4,000
- Nuovo Giuriati – Rugby – 4,000
There are other stadiums and multiuse palaces located in the metropolitan area, the biggest being Monza Brianteo Stadium (18,000 seats), the PalaDesio (10,000) and Geas Stadium (8,500).
| Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A.C. Milan | Serie A | Football | San Siro – Giuseppe Meazza | 1899 | 4 World Club cups; 7 European championship; 17 Italian championship; 2 Cup Winners' Cup |
| F.C. Internazionale Milano | Serie A | Football | San Siro – Giuseppe Meazza | 1908 | 2 World Club cups; 2 European championship; 16 Italian championship; 3 UEFA Cups |
| Olimpia Milano | Serie A | Basketball | Datchforum | 1936 | 1 World cup; 3 European championship; 25 Italian championship; 3 Cup Winners' Cup; 2 Korac cup |
| H.C. Milano/Milano Vipers | Serie A | Ice Hockey | Agorà | 1924 | 2 European championship; 20 Italian championship |
| H.C. Diavoli/Devils today settled in Courmayeur | Serie A | Ice Hockey | – | 1930 | 3 European championship; 7 Italian championship |
| Amatori Rugby Milano | Serie B | Rugby | Stadio Giuriati | 1928 | 18 Italian championship |
| Rhinos Milano | Serie A2 | American Football | Velodromo Vigorelli-Maspes | 1977 | 4 Italian championship |
Parks and gardens
- Orto Botanico di Brera, a historic botanical garden
- Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa, a new botanical garden
- Parco Sempione, in ancient times the park of the Castello Sforzesco
- Parco Nord Milano
- Giardini Pubblici "Indro Montanelli"
- Parco di Monza
- Parco Lambro
See also
- Mayors of Milan
- Milan metropolitan area
- Province of Milan
- Lombardy
Notes
- ↑ http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1264/is_4_34/ai_106388962
- ↑ medius + lanum; Alciato's "etymology" is intentionally far-fetched.
- ↑ Bituricis vervex, Heduis dat sucula signum.
- ↑ Laniger huic signum sus est, animálque biforme, Acribus hinc setis, lanitio inde levi.
- ↑ Alciato, Emblemata, Emblema II
- ↑ web site of Milan
- ↑ Bilancio demografico anno 2008, dati ISTAT
- ↑ Fonte Eurostat [1]
- ↑ Lankarama Buddhist Temple - Milan,Italy
- ↑ Jewish Community of Milan
- ↑ Islam in Italy » Inter-Religious Dialogue » OrthodoxEurope.org
- ↑ American Chronicle - Milan: The Center for Radical Islam in Europe
- ↑ Centro Culturale Protestante - Protestanti a Milano delle Chiese Battiste Metodiste Valdesi
- ↑ Chiesa Evangelica Valdese - Milano
Further reading
- Brown, Nancy A. Houghton. 1982. The Milanese architecture of Galeazzo Alessi. Outstanding dissertations in the fine arts. New York: Garland Pub. ISBN 9780824039332
- Elmo, Federico, and Federico Elmo. 1955. Milan and its environs (tourist guide). Milan: [Elmo. OCLC 39095751
- Krautheimer, Richard. 1983. Three Christian capitals: topography and politics. Una's lectures, 4. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520045415
- Lumley, Robert, and John Foot. 2004. Italian cityscapes: culture and urban change in contemporary Italy. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press. ISBN 9780859897372
- Morandi, Corinna. 2007. Milan: the great urban transformation. Venezia: Marsilio. ISBN 9788831793650
- Treccani degli Alfieri, Giovanni. 1953. Storia di Milano. Milano: Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la storia di Milano. OCLC 1090525
External links
- Encyclopaedia Britannica Milan Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ATM - Milan's Transportation Company
- City of Milan - official Virtual Tour website
- City of Milan - official website
- Rete Metropolitana di Milano (Italian)
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