Milan

Comune di Milano
The Milan Cathedral The Milan Cathedral
Flag Coat of arms
Location of the city of Milan
Sovereign state	Italy
Insubric settlement	c. 600 B.C.E.
Roman foundation	222 B.C.E.
Website: www.comune.milano.it

Milan (Italian: Milano; Western Lombard: Milan (listen)), the capital in the Province of Milano, of Lombardy, northern Italy, is one of the largest cities in Italy.

The municipality (Comune di Milano) has a population of 1.3 million. The Milan metropolitan area, depending on the specific definition, has a population ranging from 2.9 to 7.4 million. The municipal border covers a relatively small area (about one-eighth that of Rome).

Milan is renowned as one of the world capitals of design and fashion. The English word milliner is derived from the name of the city. The Lombard metropolis is famous for its fashion houses and shops (such as along via Montenapoleone) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele in the Piazza Duomo (reputed to be the world's oldest shopping mall).

The city hosted the World Exposition in 1906 and will host the Universal Expo in 2015.

Inhabitants of Milan are referred to as "Milanese" (Italian: Milanesi or informally Meneghini or Ambrosiani).

Geography

In the Roman name Mediolanum the name element -lanum is the Celtic equivalent of -planum "plain'", thus Mediolanum: "in the midst of the plain". The German name for the city is Mailand, while in the local Western Lombard dialect, the city's name is Milán, similar to the French.

Milan is located in the Po Basin of northern Italy, 400 feet (122 metres) above sea level. Toward the Alps to the north, the terrain is arid, while marshy groves and rice fields predominate near the Po River.

Milan is classified as having a humid subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers with little rainfall and cool, damp winters. The average maximum temperature in July is around 82°F (28°C), and in January is 43°F (6°C). Snowfalls are relatively common in winter. Mean annual precipitation is 40 inches (1000mm). The city was typically often shrouded in the fog characteristic of the Po Basin, although the removal of rice fields from the southern neighbourhoods, the urban heat island effect, and the reduction of pollution levels have reduced this phenomenon in recent years, at least in the downtown.

The Olona river, the Lambro river and the Seveso creek run through Milan. Olona and Seveso run mostly underground.

Size – land area, size comparison Environmental issues Districts

History

Ruins of the emperor's palace in Milan, where Costantinus and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan

File:Milano - Mappa della città nel 1621.jpg

Milan in 1621.

View of Milan in early 1900s.

Castello Sforzesco, sign of the power of the House of Sforza.

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II.

Roman times

Around 400 B.C.E., the Celtic Insubres inhabited Milan and the surrounding region. In 222 B.C.E., the Romans conquered this settlement, which received the name Mediolanum. After several centuries of Roman control, Milan was declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 293 C.E. Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire (capital Nicomedia) and his colleague Maximianus the Western one. Immediately Maximian built several gigantic monuments, like a large circus (470 x 85 meters), the Thermae Erculee, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other services and buildings.
In the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians. The city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, and the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. Fifty years later (in 452), the Huns overran the city. In 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan in the course of the so-called Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, the Longobards (from which the name of the Italian region Lombardy derives) conquered Milan, overpowering the small Byzantine army left for its defence. Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne, in an utterly novel decision, took the title "King of the Lombards" as well (before then the Germanic kingdoms had frequently conquered each other, but none had adopted the title of King of another people). Subsequently Milan was part of the Holy Roman Empire.

Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, Milan prospered as a center of trade due to its command of the rich plain of the Po and routes from Italy across the Alps. The war of conquest by Frederick I Barbarossa against the Lombard cities brought the destruction of much of Milan in 1162. After the founding of the Lombard League in 1167, Milan took the leading role in this alliance. As a result of the independence that the Lombard cities gained in the Peace of Constance in 1183, Milan became a duchy. In 1208 Rambertino Buvalelli served a term as podestà of the city, in 1242 Luca Grimaldi, and in 1282 Luchetto Gattilusio. In 1395, Gian Galeazzo Visconti became duke of Milan. In 1447 Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan, died without a male heir; following the end of the Visconti line, the Ambrosian Republic was enacted. However, the Republic collapsed when in 1450, Milan was conquered by Francesco Sforza, of the House of Sforza, which made Milan one of the leading cities of the Italian Renaissance.

Periods of Spanish, French and Austrian domination

The French king Louis XII first laid claim to the duchy in 1492. At that time, Milan was defended by Swiss mercenaries. After the victory of Louis’s successor Francis I over the Swiss at the Battle of Marignano, the duchy was promised to the French king Francis I. When the Habsburg Charles V defeated Francis I at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, northern Italy, including Milan, passed to the House of Habsburg. In 1556, Charles V abdicated in favour of his son Philip II and his brother Ferdinand I. Charles’s Italian possessions, including Milan, passed to Philip II and the Spanish line of Habsburgs, while Ferdinand’s Austrian line of Habsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1700, the Spanish line of Habsburgs was extinguished with the death of Charles II. After his death, the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701 with the occupation of all Spanish possessions by French troops backing the claim of the French Philippe of Anjou to the Spanish throne. In 1706, the French were defeated in Ramillies and Turin and were forced to yield northern Italy to the Austrian Habsburgs. In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht formally confirmed Austrian sovereignty over most of Spain’s Italian possessions including Lombardy and its capital, Milan.

19th Century

Napoleon conquered Lombardy in 1796, and Milan was declared capital of the Cisalpine Republic. Later, he declared Milan capital of the Reign of Italy and was crowned in the Duomo. Once Napoleon’s occupation ended, the Congress of Vienna returned Lombardy, and Milan, along with the Veneto, to Austrian control in 1815. During this period, Milan became a centre of lyric opera. Here Mozart wrote three operas, and in a few years La Scala became the reference theatre in the world, with its premieres of Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi. Verdi himself is now tumulated in a precious Institute, the "Casa di Riposo per Musicisti", the Verdi's present to Milan. In the 19th century other important theatres were La Cannobiana and the Teatro Carcano.

On March 18, 1848, the Milanese rebelled against Austrian rule, during the so-called "Five Days" (It. Cinque Giornate), and Field Marshall Radetzky was forced to withdraw from the city temporarily. However, after defeating Italian forces at Custoza on July 24, Radetzky was able to reassert Austrian control over Milan and northern Italy. However, Italian nationalists, championed by the Kingdom of Sardinia, called for the removal of Austria in the interest of Italian unification. Sardinia and France formed an alliance and defeated Austria at the Battle of Solferino in 1859. Following this battle, Milan and the rest of Lombardy were incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia, which soon gained control of most of Italy and in 1861 was rechristened as the Kingdom of Italy.

The political unification of Italy cemented Milan’s commercial dominance over northern Italy. It also led to a flurry of railway construction that made Milan the rail hub of northern Italy. Rapid industrialization put Milan at the centre of Italy’s leading industrial region, though in the 1890s Milan was shaken by the Bava-Beccaris massacre, a riot related to an high inflation rate. Meanwhile, as Milanese banks dominated Italy’s financial sphere, the city became the country’s leading financial centre. Milan’s economic growth brought a rapid expansion in the city’s area and population during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

20th Century

Santa Maria delle Grazie after the Anglo-American bombings in 1944

In 1919, Benito Mussolini organized the Blackshirts, who formed the core of Italy’s Fascist movement, in Milan. In 1922, Mussolini started his March on Rome from Milan.

During World War II, Milan suffered severe damage from British and American bombing, Even though Italy quit the war in 1943, the Germans occupied most of northern Italy until 1945. Some of the worst Allied bombing of Milan was in 1944. Much of the bombing focused around Milan's main train station.

In 1943, anti-German resistance in occupied Italy increased and there were explosions in Milan.

As the war came to an end, the American 1st Armored Division advanced on Milan as part of the Po Valley Campaign. But even before they arrived, members of the Italian resistance movement rose up in open revolt in Milan and liberated the city. Nearby, Mussolini and several members of his Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, or RSI) were captured by the resistance at Dongo and executed. On 29 April 1945, the bodies of the Fascists were taken to Milan and hung unceremoniously upside-down at Piazzale loreto a public square.

After the war the city was the site of a refugee camp for Jews fleeing from Austria. During the 1950s and 1960s, thousands of Italians, particularly from Southern Italy, moved to Milan to seek jobs within the city’s rapidly expanding economy and the population peaked at 1,723,000 in 1971. From the 1980s Milan become to host many immigrants from other countries of third world. In the same years began the quick and great extension of Chinatown, a district established in the 20s in the area around Via Paolo Sarpi, Via Bramante, Via Messina and Via Rosmini, by a group of Chinese people from Zejiang. Today is one of the most picturesque district in the city. Much of Milan's population however was lost during the 1970s and 1980s to the belt of new suburbs and small cities surrounding Milan. Nonetheless, Milan’s population seems to have stabilized, and there has been a slight increase in the population of the city since 2001.

Government

The nine boroughs of Milan.

Italy is a republic in which the president is chief of state who is elected by an electoral college for a seven-year term. The prime minister, who is head of government, is appointed by the president and confirmed by parliament. The bicameral Parlamento consists of a senate of 315 members, and the chamber of deputies of 630 members, both houses elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms.

The city, or comune, of Milan is the capital of the Lombardy region, which is one of Italy's 20 regions, and of the province of Milan. Italy's 100 provinces have their own local elections. Each province has a prefect who is appointed by and responds to the central government, which he locally represents.

The comune provides many basic civil functions. It has a registry of births and deaths, a registry of deeds, and it contracts for local roads and public works. It is headed by a mayor (sindaco) assisted by a council of aldermen, the Consiglio Comunale. The offices of the comune are housed in a building usually called the Municipio, or Palazzo Comunale.

The city of Milan is subdivided into nine administrative zones, called Zona. The Zona 1 is in the historic centre - within the perimeter of the Spanish-era city walls, the other eight cover from Zona 1 borders to the city limits..

Economy

The classic trams from the 1920s are still in use.

Airwiew of Malpensa International Airport. It handled over 23.8 million passengers in 2007.

Milan is one of the major financial and business centres of the world. Milan was included in a list of 10 "Alpha world cities" by Peter J. Taylor and Robert E. Lang of the Brookings Institution in the economic report "U.S. Cities in the 'World City Network'" (Key Findings, PDF). Milan was listed as having the 40th largest gross domestic product in the world in 2005, at US$115-billion. Per capita GDP was US$48,300.

The city is the seat of the Italian Stock Exchange (the Borsa Italiana).

"Piazza Affari" and its hinterland is an avant-garde industrial area. Milan is also well-known as the seat of the Alfa Romeo motorcar company, for its silk production, as a world center for fashion, and a world leader for design.

Redevelopment has made FieraMilano, the city's Exhibition Centre and Trade Fair complex in the north-western suburb of Rho, opened in April 2005, has created the largest trade fair complex in the world.

In 2008, Milan was in a significant architectural and urban design renaissance. Numerous construction projects aimed to rehabilitate disused, peripheral industrial areas. Projects included: The addition to the Teatro alla Scala; the new quarter Santa Giulia; and the Porta Nuova project in the Garibaldi-Repubblica zone, which together would give Milan a skyline no longer dominated by the Duomo and the Pirelli Tower. This redevelopment was to continue until Milan hosts Expo 2015.

Milan is the second railway hub of Italy, and the five major stations of Milan, including the Milan Central station, are among Italy's busiest. The first railroad built in Milan, the Milan and Monza Rail Road was opened for service on August 17, 1840. Milan has three subway lines, with 50 miles (80km) of track, and a light metro-service connecting the San Raffaele Hospital with the Cascina Gobba station.

Greater Milan has an extensive tramway system, with more than 178 miles (286km) of track, and 20 lines. Milan also has four trolleybus routes, and included in the fleet are 10 air-conditioned Cristalis trolleybuses. Ninety-three bus lines cover over 664 miles (1070km) between them.

Milan has a privately operated taxi service. Malpensa International Airport is located near the industrial towns of Busto Arsizio and Gallarate. Milan also has the Linate Airport within the city limits (for European and domestic traffic), and Orio al Serio Airport close to the city of Bergamo.

Demographics

The Waldensian Church in Milan, built in 1949, incorporates materials from the demolished Catholic gothic church of San Giovanni in Conca.

The city proper (Comune di Milano) had a population of 1,298,972 inhabitants in 2007, while the population of the urban area was estimated to be 3,076,643. Finally, the official population of the Milan metropolitan area was 3,707,000 residents, the second largest in Italy after Rome.

As of 2006, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 292,204 foreign-born immigrants live in Milan Urban Area, equal to 9 percent of total population.

In addition to Italian, approximately a third of the population of western Lombardy can speak the Western Lombard language, also known as Insubric. In Milan, some residents can speak the traditional Milanese language, which is the urban variety of Western Lombard, which is not to be confused with the Milanese-influenced regional variety of the Italian language.

Milan's population, like that of Italy as a whole, is overwhelmingly Catholic. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan. Other religions practised include Buddhism, Judaism, Islam and Protestantism.

Milan has its own historic Catholic rite known as the Ambrosian Rite (it: rito ambrosiano). It varies slightly from the typical Catholic rite (the Roman, used in all other western regions), with some differences in the liturgy and mass celebrations, and in the calendar (for example, the date of carnival is celebrated some days after the common date). The Ambrosian rite is also practised in other surrounding locations in Lombardy and in the Swiss canton of Ticino.

Another important difference concerns the liturgical music. The Gregorian chant was completely unused in Milan and surrounding areas, because the official one was its own Ambrosian chant, definitively established by the Council of Trent (1545-1563) and earlier than the Gregorian [2]. To preserve this music there has developed the unique schola cantorum, a college, and an Institute in partnership with the "Pontifical Ambrosian Institute of Sacred Music" (PIAMS) in Rome [3].

Milan is home to numerous universities and other institutions of higher learning. State universities include the Università degli Studi di Milano, and the University of Milan Bicocca.

Science and medical universities include Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, and Tethys Research Institute. The Politecnico di Milano and Statal University teach architecture and engineering. Business, economic and social studies are taught at Bocconi University, Bocconi, and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.

Language, art and music are taught at La Scala, Brera Academy, IULM University, Nuova Accademia di Belle Arti Milano, the Milan Conservatory, and the Scuola Beato Angelico. Actor and theatre is taught at Scuole Civiche di Milano, Piccolo Teatro di Milano, and Accademia dei Filodrammatici.

Fashion and design are taught at Domus Academy, Istituto Europeo di Design, Istituto Marangoni, Politecnico di Milano, and SPD Scuola Politecnica Di Design.

Of interest

File:Milano Duomo 1.jpg The Milan Cathedral from the opposite square

Santa Maria delle Grazie, created by Bramante.

Leonardo Da Vinci's Last Supper, in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan.

Piazza del Duomo.

The Pirelli Tower, symbol of the post-war economic boom

File:IMG 4468 - Milano - La Borsa - Dettaglio - Foto di Giovanni Dall'Orto - 20 jan 2007.jpg 200px

State University of Milan.

File:Milano brera cortile.jpg Brera Academy.

File:Sdabocconi.jpg Bocconi University.

See also: Buildings and structures in Milan

Milan is one of the major artistic centres of northern Italy. Its chief landmarks include:

• The Duomo, the world's largest collection of marble statues with the widely visible golden Madonna statue on top of the spire, la Madunina (little Madonna), the symbol of Milan.
• Teatro alla Scala. Milan is also one of the most important centres in the world for Opera lirica, with his famous Teatro alla Scala (La Scala).
• The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, a large, covered arcade linking the Duomo's piazza with the Teatro alla Scala.
• The Castello Sforzesco and the Parco Sempione.
• The Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
• The Palaeo-Christian Basilica of San Lorenzo
• The Biblioteca Ambrosiana, containing drawings and notebooks by Leonardo da Vinci among its vast holdings of books, manuscripts, and drawings, and is one of the main repositories of European culture. The city is also the home of the Brera Academy of Fine Arts.
• The church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, which houses one of the most famous paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper (L'ultima cena or Il cenacolo).
• The church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro, with a famous trompe l'oeil traditionally ascribed to Bramante
• The Cimitero Monumentale di Milano.
• The Pinacoteca di Brera, Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Poldi Pezzoli, the Bagatti Valsecchi Museum and the Musei del Castello galleries, which host a great number of pictorial masterpieces.

Culture

Teatro alla Scala by night

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Museums

• Acquario Civico di Milano
• Archivio Storico Civico e Biblioteca Trivulziana
• Casa di riposo per musicisti Giuseppe Verdi - burial site of Giuseppe Verdi and Giuseppina Strepponi
• Castello Sforzesco e civiche raccolte ivi contenute
• Civico Museo d'Arte Contemporanea
• Galleria d'Arte Moderna
• Galleria Vinciana
• Museo Archeologico
• Museo Bagatti Valsecchi
• Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano
• Museo d'Arte Antica
• Museo del Duomo di Milano
• Museo del Giocattolo
• Museo del Risorgimento di Milano
• Museo degli Strumenti Musicali
• Museo della Preistoria e Protostoria
• Museo delle Arti Decorative
• Museo di Milano
• Museo Diocesano
• Museo di Storia Contemporanea
• Museo Egizio di Milano
• Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci"
• Museo Poldi Pezzoli
• Museo Storico Alfa Romeo
• Museo Teatrale alla Scala
• Padiglione di Arte Contemporanea
• Palazzo Reale
• Pinacoteca Ambrosiana e Biblioteca Ambrosiana
• Pinacoteca di Brera
• Triennale (Palazzo dell'Arte)

Literature

In the late eighteenth century, and throughout the nineteenth, Milan was an important centre for intellectual discussion and literary creativity. The Enlightenment found here a fertile ground. Cesare Beccaria, with his famous Dei delitti e delle pene, and Pietro Verri, with the periodical Il Caffè were able to exert a considerable influence over the new middle-class culture, thanks also to an open-minded Austrian administration. In the first years of the nineteenth century, the ideals of the Romantic movement made their impact on the cultural life of the city and its major writers debated the primacy of Classical versus Romantic poetry. Here, too, Giuseppe Parini, and Ugo Foscolo published their most important works, and were admired by younger poets as masters of ethics, as well as of literary craftmanship. Foscolo's poem Dei sepolcri was inspired by a Napoleonic law which—against the will of many of its inhabitants—was being extended to the city.

In the third decade of the nineteenth century, Alessandro Manzoni wrote his novel I Promessi Sposi, a Milanese story of the XVII century, etc.. This historical novel was the real manifesto of Italian Romanticism, which found in Milan its centre. The periodical Il Conciliatore published articles by Silvio Pellico, Giovanni Berchet, Ludovico di Breme, who were both Romantic in poetry and patriotic in politics.

After the Unification of Italy in 1861, Milan lost its political importance; nevertheless it retained a sort of central position in cultural debates. New ideas and movements from other countries of Europe were accepted and discussed: thus Realism and Naturalism gave birth to an Italian movement, Verismo. The greatest verista novelist, Giovanni Verga, was born in Sicily but wrote his most important books in Milan.

Media

Milan is the base of operations for many local and nationwide communication services and businesses, such as newspapers, magazines, and TV and radio stations.

Newspapers:

• Corriere della Sera
• Il Giornale
• Il Giorno
• Il Sole 24 Ore
• Il Manifesto
• La Repubblica
• La Gazzetta dello Sport (sports only)
• La Padania
• Libero
• Milano Finanza

Magazines:

• La Settimana Enigmistica
• Abitare (architecture & design monthly)
• Casabella (architecture & design monthly)
• Domus (architecture & design monthly)
• Panorama (weekly)

Food

Like most cities in Italy, Milan and its surrounding area has its own regional cuisine. Milanese cuisine includes "cotoletta alla milanese", a breaded veal (pork and turkey can be used) cutlet pan-fried in butter (which some claim to be of Austrian origin, as it is similar to Viennese "Wienerschnitzel", while others claim that the "Wienerschnitzel" derived from the "cotoletta alla milanese"). Other typical dishes are cassoeula (stewed pork rib chops and sausage with Savoy cabbage and tomato sauce), ossobuco (stewed veal shank with tomato or lemon sauce), risotto alla milanese (with saffron, white wine and beef marrow), busecca (stewed tripe with beans and tomato sauce), and brasato (stewed beef or pork with wine and potatoes). Season-related pastries include chiacchiere (flat fritters dusted with sugar) and tortelli (fried spherical cookies) for Carnival, colomba (glazed cake shaped as a dove) for Easter, pane dei morti ("Bread of the Dead", cookies aromatized with cinnamon) for All Soul's Day and panettone for Christmas. The salame milano, a salami with a very fine grain, is widespread throughout Italy. The best known Milanese cheese is gorgonzola from the nearby town of that name, although today the major gorgonzola producers operate in Piedmont.

Sports

The city hosted, among other events, the FIFA World Cup in 1934 and 1990, the UEFA European Football Championship in 1980.

Football is the most popular sport in Italy, and Milan is home to two world-famous football teams: A.C. Milan and Internazionale. The former is normally referred to as "Mìlan" (notice the stress on the first syllable, unlike the English and Milanese name of the city), the latter as "Inter". A match between these two teams is known as the Milan derby.

Milan is the only city in Europe whose teams have won both the European Cup and the Intercontinental Cup. Both teams play at Giuseppe Meazza – San Siro Stadium (85,700). Many of the strongest Italian football players were born in Milan, in the surrounding metropolitan area, or in Lombardy: Valentino Mazzola, Paolo Maldini, Giuseppe Meazza, Giacinto Facchetti, Luigi Riva, Gaetano Scirea, Giuseppe Bergomi, Walter Zenga, Antonio Cabrini, Roberto Donadoni, Gianluca Vialli, Silvio Piola, Gabriele Oriali, Giovanni Trapattoni and Franco Baresi as well as many others.

• The famous Monza Formula One circuit is located near the city, inside a wide park. It is one of the world's oldest car racing circuits. The capacity for the F1 races is currently around 137,000 spectators, although in the 1950s the stands could hold more than 250,000. It has hosted an F1 race nearly every year since the first year of competition, with the exception of 1980.
• Olimpia Milano (sponsored Armani) is a successful Italian and European basketball team. It is one of the most important and successful Italian teams and also one of the top teams in Europe too. Olimpia plays at the DatchForum arena (capacity 14,000).
• Rhinos Milano American Football Club is the oldest American football club in Milan and has won four Italian Super Bowls. They are one of the five foundation clubs of the Italian Football League.
• CUS Milano Baseball is the oldest baseball club in Milan and has won eight Italian Scudetti.
• The Amatori Rugby Milano has won 18 National Championships and are the most famous and important Rugby team in Italy.
• Different ice hockey teams from Milan have won 30 National Championships between them. The Vipers Milano have won 5 of the last 7 national championships, the Alpenliga and several Coppa Italia, and are the leaders of that sport in Italy. They play at the Agora Stadium (capacity 4,500) during the regular season, and at the Forum during playoffs.
• Every year, Milan hosts the Bonfiglio Trophy Under 18 Tennis Tournament. It is the most important youth tournament in the world, and is played at the Milan Tennis Club. The central court has a capacity of 8000. Past winners include Tacchini, Jan Kodes, Adriano Panatta, Corrado Barazzutti, Moreno, Björn Borg, Smid, Ivan Lendl, Guy Forget, Jim Courier, Goran Ivanišević, Yevgeny Kafelnikov, and Guillermo Coria.

Milan and Lombardy are official candidates for the Summer Olympic Games of 2020 ("Milan-Lombardy 2020").

Stadia

File:San Siro3.JPG

San Siro Stadium, one of Europe's largest.

• Autodromo Nazionale Monza – car and motorcycle racing – 137,000
• San Siro – only football; Milan and Inter – 85,700
• Arena Civica – Athletics, Rugby, Football, American Football 30,000
• Brianteo – Athletics, Football – 18,568
• Ippodromo del Trotter – Horse Racing – 16,000
• Ippodromo del Galoppo – Horse Racing – 15,000
• Datch Forum – Basketball, Ice Hockey, Volleyball, Music – 9,000 to 12,000
• MazdaPalace – Basketball, Volleyball – 9,000
• Velodromo Vigorelli – Cycling, American Football – 12,000
• PalaLido – Basketball, Volleyball – 5,000
• PalaSHARP - 9,000
• Agorà – Ice Hockey – 4,000
• Nuovo Giuriati – Rugby – 4,000

There are other stadiums and multiuse palaces located in the metropolitan area, the biggest being Monza Brianteo Stadium (18,000 seats), the PalaDesio (10,000) and Geas Stadium (8,500).

Club	League	Sport	Venue	Established	Championships
A.C. Milan	Serie A	Football	San Siro – Giuseppe Meazza	1899	4 World Club cups; 7 European championship; 17 Italian championship; 2 Cup Winners' Cup
F.C. Internazionale Milano	Serie A	Football	San Siro – Giuseppe Meazza	1908	2 World Club cups; 2 European championship; 16 Italian championship; 3 UEFA Cups
Olimpia Milano	Serie A	Basketball	Datchforum	1936	1 World cup; 3 European championship; 25 Italian championship; 3 Cup Winners' Cup; 2 Korac cup
H.C. Milano/Milano Vipers	Serie A	Ice Hockey	Agorà	1924	2 European championship; 20 Italian championship
H.C. Diavoli/Devils today settled in Courmayeur	Serie A	Ice Hockey	–	1930	3 European championship; 7 Italian championship
Amatori Rugby Milano	Serie B	Rugby	Stadio Giuriati	1928	18 Italian championship
Rhinos Milano	Serie A2	American Football	Velodromo Vigorelli-Maspes	1977	4 Italian championship

Parks and gardens

• Orto Botanico di Brera, a historic botanical garden
• Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa, a new botanical garden
• Parco Sempione, in ancient times the park of the Castello Sforzesco
• Parco Nord Milano
• Giardini Pubblici "Indro Montanelli"
• Parco di Monza
• Parco Lambro

See also

• Mayors of Milan
• Milan metropolitan area
• Province of Milan
• Lombardy

Further reading

• Brown, Nancy A. Houghton. 1982. The Milanese architecture of Galeazzo Alessi. Outstanding dissertations in the fine arts. New York: Garland Pub. ISBN 9780824039332
• Elmo, Federico, and Federico Elmo. 1955. Milan and its environs (tourist guide). Milan: [Elmo. OCLC 39095751
• Krautheimer, Richard. 1983. Three Christian capitals: topography and politics. Una's lectures, 4. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520045415
• Lumley, Robert, and John Foot. 2004. Italian cityscapes: culture and urban change in contemporary Italy. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press. ISBN 9780859897372
• Morandi, Corinna. 2007. Milan: the great urban transformation. Venezia: Marsilio. ISBN 9788831793650
• Treccani degli Alfieri, Giovanni. 1953. Storia di Milano. Milano: Fondazione Treccani degli Alfieri per la storia di Milano. OCLC 1090525

External links

• Encyclopaedia Britannica Milan Retrieved October 25, 2008.
• ATM - Milan's Transportation Company
• City of Milan - official Virtual Tour website
• City of Milan - official website
• Rete Metropolitana di Milano (Italian)

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