Otis, Harrison Gray
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===Early life and education=== | ===Early life and education=== | ||
| − | '''Harrison Gray Otis''' was born near Marietta, [[Ohio]], the youngest of sixteen children of Stephen and Sarah Otis. His family was famous for its patriotism | + | '''Harrison Gray Otis''' was born on February 10, 1837 near Marietta, [[Ohio]], the youngest of sixteen children of Stephen and Sarah Otis. His family was famous for its [[patriotism]]—his grandfather served in the [[Revolutionary War]], while his father was an [[abolitionism|abolitionist]] who helped runaway [[slavery|slaves]]. Otis received little formal [[education]]. At the age of 14 he started to work as a printer’s [[apprentice]], deciding to pursue career in publishing. He later studied at a commercial college in Columbus, Ohio. |
===Start of a career=== | ===Start of a career=== | ||
| − | Otis married | + | In 1959 Otis married Eliza A. Wetherby and settled down in Louisville, [[Kentucky]]. He started to work for the ''Louisville Journal'', under the famous editor, [[George D. Prentice]]. He also briefly dove into political waters, being elected to the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] National Convention that nominated [[Abraham Lincoln]] for president. After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] broke out, he volunteered for the [[Union army]] and fought in [[William McKinley]]'s regiment, the 23rd Ohio Infantry. He became a highly regarded officer. |
| − | After the war in 1867, Otis became a compositor and later a Foreman of Printing in the [[Government Printing Office]] in Washington, D.C. He also joined the International Typographers' Union. From 1871 to 1876 he worked in the U.S. Patent office. During that time he visited [[California]] | + | After the war in 1867, Otis became a compositor and later a Foreman of Printing in the [[Government Printing Office]] in Washington, D.C. He also joined the International Typographers' Union. From 1871 to 1876 he worked in the U.S. Patent office. During that time he visited [[California]] several times and saw it as a land of opportunity. In 1870 he resigned from all his positions and moved with his family to [[Santa Barbara]], California. |
[[Image:Postcard-ca-los-angeles-residence-gen-otis.jpg|thumb|Home of Harrison Gray Otis in Los Angeles]] | [[Image:Postcard-ca-los-angeles-residence-gen-otis.jpg|thumb|Home of Harrison Gray Otis in Los Angeles]] | ||
===Acquiring the ''Los Angeles Times''=== | ===Acquiring the ''Los Angeles Times''=== | ||
| − | After moving to [[California]], Otis took over the [[Santa Barbara Daily Press]] from William W. Hollister. He also attempted several other | + | After moving to [[California]], Otis took over the ''[[Santa Barbara Daily Press]]'' from [[William W. Hollister]]. He also attempted several other [[business]]es. However, after his business ventures failed, in 1882 he scraped together $6,000 and bought quarter interests in the newly founded but failing ''Los Angeles Daily Times''. He became editor of the paper, writing editorials and local news. His wife Eliza contributed with articles on women issues, [[education]] and [[religion]]. In 1883, Otis and [[H. H. Boyce]] became co-owners of the paper now called the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', and in 1886 Otis bought out all Boyce’s interests and named himself president, general manager, and editor-in-chief. |
===Publishing business=== | ===Publishing business=== | ||
| − | After the war, Otis returned to his position at the ''Los Angeles Times''. He used his business and political influence as well as his newspaper to sway the public opinion on his side. His support for [[Los Angeles]] was instrumental in the growth of the city. He was a member of the San Fernando Syndicate, a group of investors who bought land in the [[San Fernando Valley]] based on inside knowledge that the Los Angeles aqueduct would soon irrigate it. Otis used the ''Times'' to frighten citizens (with news stories of a false drought) to vote for a 1905 bond issue that funded the aqueduct. He was also instrumental in the development of Los Angeles Harbor at [[San Pedro]]. During his stay at the head of the ''Times'', Los Angeles grew from a small town of 12,000 people to a major urban area with a population of over 500,000. | + | After the war, Otis returned to his position at the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. He used his business and political influence as well as his newspaper to sway the public opinion on his side. His support for [[Los Angeles]] was instrumental in the growth of the city. He was a member of the San Fernando Syndicate, a group of investors who bought land in the [[San Fernando Valley]] based on inside knowledge that the Los Angeles [[aqueduct]] would soon irrigate it. Otis used the ''Times'' to frighten citizens (with news stories of a false [[drought]]) to vote for a 1905 bond issue that funded the aqueduct. He was also instrumental in the development of Los Angeles Harbor at [[San Pedro]]. During his stay at the head of the ''Times'', Los Angeles grew from a small town of 12,000 people to a major urban area with a population of over 500,000. |
Otis was known for his [[right-wing]] political views, which were reflected in the paper. He was instrumental in suppression of Los Angeles' burgeoning [[labor union|labor movement]]. In 1910, in retaliation for his attacks on organized labor, the brothers James and John McNamara bombed the ''Los Angeles Times'' Building, killing 20 people. Otis used the event to further his fight against unions. | Otis was known for his [[right-wing]] political views, which were reflected in the paper. He was instrumental in suppression of Los Angeles' burgeoning [[labor union|labor movement]]. In 1910, in retaliation for his attacks on organized labor, the brothers James and John McNamara bombed the ''Los Angeles Times'' Building, killing 20 people. Otis used the event to further his fight against unions. | ||
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[[Image:Otis Bivouac.jpg|thumb|His home, also known as the Bivouac, was later donated to the County of Los Angeles and became the Otis Art Institute, now called Otis College of Art and Design]]. | [[Image:Otis Bivouac.jpg|thumb|His home, also known as the Bivouac, was later donated to the County of Los Angeles and became the Otis Art Institute, now called Otis College of Art and Design]]. | ||
| − | Otis remained on the front of the ''Los Angeles Times'' until his death, working closely with his successor [[Harry Chandler]], the husband of his daughter, Marian Otis Chandler. Shortly before his death, Otis donated his MacArthur Park property together with its [[Spain|Spanish]]-[[ | + | Otis remained on the front of the ''Los Angeles Times'' until his death, working closely with his successor [[Harry Chandler]], the husband of his daughter, Marian Otis Chandler. Shortly before his death, Otis donated his MacArthur Park property together with its [[Spain|Spanish]]-[[Moors|Moorish]] mansion The Bivouac to the County of Los Angeles “for the advancement of the arts.” It was turned into [[Otis Art Institute]] in 1918, as the first public, independent professional school of [[art]] in Southern California. |
| − | Otis died on July 30, 1917, in | + | Otis died on July 30, 1917, in Los Angeles, California. |
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
| − | Harrison Gray Otis built [[Los Angeles Times]] into a prosperous [[newspaper]] and important political power in [[California]]. Its firm [[conservative]] editorials and | + | Harrison Gray Otis built [[Los Angeles Times]] into a prosperous [[newspaper]] and important political power in [[California]]. Its firm [[conservative]] editorials and uncompromising stance against [[labor union]]s helped employers in California keep the open shop (a place of employment that does not require union membership) policies. His venomous attacks on unions, however led to the clash with unions and bombing of the ''Times'' building in which 20 people died. |
| − | Otis was also one of the key figures in the growth and prosperity of [[Los Angeles]] and [[California]] in general. Under his influence | + | Otis was also one of the key figures in the growth and prosperity of [[Los Angeles]] and [[California]] in general. Under his influence Los Angeles grew from a small frontier town to a major urban area with more than half-million people. He helped build the harbor and brought a water supply 240 miles over the mountains from the Owens River. |
==Publications== | ==Publications== | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | * Denger, Mark J. | + | * Denger, Mark J. [http://www.militarymuseum.org/Otis.html Major-General Harrison Gray Otis, U.S.V.] The California State Military Museum Retrieved on November 25, 2007 |
| − | * '' | + | * Halberstam, David. 1979. ''The Powers That Be''. New York, NY: Knopf. ISBN 9780252069413 |
| + | * Hart, Jack R. 1981. ''The information empire: The rise of the Los Angeles Times and the Times Mirror Corporation''. Washington, DC: University Press of America. ISBN 9780819115812 | ||
| + | * McDougal, Dennis. 2002. ''Privileged son: Otis Chandler and the rise and fall of the L.A. Times dynasty''. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo. ISBN 9780306811616 | ||
| + | * Online Archive of California. [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf7s2010q6&chunk.id=bioghist-1.3.4&brand=oac Harrison Gray Otis] Retrieved on November 25, 2007 | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| − | + | All links Retrieved November 25, 2007. | |
* [http://www.californiahistory.net/8_pages/labor_Otis.htm Harrison Gray Otis and his ''Times''] – On the bombing of the L.A. Times | * [http://www.californiahistory.net/8_pages/labor_Otis.htm Harrison Gray Otis and his ''Times''] – On the bombing of the L.A. Times | ||
* [http://www.militarymuseum.org/Otis.html Major-General Harrison Gray Otis, U.S.V.] – Biography on the California State Military Museum | * [http://www.militarymuseum.org/Otis.html Major-General Harrison Gray Otis, U.S.V.] – Biography on the California State Military Museum | ||
Revision as of 22:59, 25 November 2007
- This article is about the publisher and soldier. For the United States Representative and Senator from Massachusetts, see: Harrison Gray Otis (lawyer).
Harrison Gray Otis (February 10, 1837 – July 30, 1917) was an American newspaper mogul, the owner and editor-in-chief of the Los Angeles Times. Under his leadership the Times became a firm right-wing bastion in the fight against labor unions. Otis also played important role in the development of Los Angeles and California in general. He fought in the American Civil War, and, as brigadier-general, participated in the Philippine-American War.
Biography
Early life and education
Harrison Gray Otis was born on February 10, 1837 near Marietta, Ohio, the youngest of sixteen children of Stephen and Sarah Otis. His family was famous for its patriotism—his grandfather served in the Revolutionary War, while his father was an abolitionist who helped runaway slaves. Otis received little formal education. At the age of 14 he started to work as a printer’s apprentice, deciding to pursue career in publishing. He later studied at a commercial college in Columbus, Ohio.
Start of a career
In 1959 Otis married Eliza A. Wetherby and settled down in Louisville, Kentucky. He started to work for the Louisville Journal, under the famous editor, George D. Prentice. He also briefly dove into political waters, being elected to the Republican National Convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln for president. After the Civil War broke out, he volunteered for the Union army and fought in William McKinley's regiment, the 23rd Ohio Infantry. He became a highly regarded officer.
After the war in 1867, Otis became a compositor and later a Foreman of Printing in the Government Printing Office in Washington, D.C. He also joined the International Typographers' Union. From 1871 to 1876 he worked in the U.S. Patent office. During that time he visited California several times and saw it as a land of opportunity. In 1870 he resigned from all his positions and moved with his family to Santa Barbara, California.
Acquiring the Los Angeles Times
After moving to California, Otis took over the Santa Barbara Daily Press from William W. Hollister. He also attempted several other businesses. However, after his business ventures failed, in 1882 he scraped together $6,000 and bought quarter interests in the newly founded but failing Los Angeles Daily Times. He became editor of the paper, writing editorials and local news. His wife Eliza contributed with articles on women issues, education and religion. In 1883, Otis and H. H. Boyce became co-owners of the paper now called the Los Angeles Times, and in 1886 Otis bought out all Boyce’s interests and named himself president, general manager, and editor-in-chief.
Publishing business
After the war, Otis returned to his position at the Los Angeles Times. He used his business and political influence as well as his newspaper to sway the public opinion on his side. His support for Los Angeles was instrumental in the growth of the city. He was a member of the San Fernando Syndicate, a group of investors who bought land in the San Fernando Valley based on inside knowledge that the Los Angeles aqueduct would soon irrigate it. Otis used the Times to frighten citizens (with news stories of a false drought) to vote for a 1905 bond issue that funded the aqueduct. He was also instrumental in the development of Los Angeles Harbor at San Pedro. During his stay at the head of the Times, Los Angeles grew from a small town of 12,000 people to a major urban area with a population of over 500,000.
Otis was known for his right-wing political views, which were reflected in the paper. He was instrumental in suppression of Los Angeles' burgeoning labor movement. In 1910, in retaliation for his attacks on organized labor, the brothers James and John McNamara bombed the Los Angeles Times Building, killing 20 people. Otis used the event to further his fight against unions.
Later career and death
When the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898, Otis asked his former commander William McKinley, now the commander-in-chief, for an appointment as Assistant Secretary of War. Secretary of War Russell A. Alger however did not want the conservative Otis serving under him, and Otis was rejected. Now at the age of 62, Otis volunteered for the army once again and was appointed brigadier general of volunteers. He served in the Philippines, commanding the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, VIII Corps during the Philippine-American War.
.
Otis remained on the front of the Los Angeles Times until his death, working closely with his successor Harry Chandler, the husband of his daughter, Marian Otis Chandler. Shortly before his death, Otis donated his MacArthur Park property together with its Spanish-Moorish mansion The Bivouac to the County of Los Angeles “for the advancement of the arts.” It was turned into Otis Art Institute in 1918, as the first public, independent professional school of art in Southern California.
Otis died on July 30, 1917, in Los Angeles, California.
Legacy
Harrison Gray Otis built Los Angeles Times into a prosperous newspaper and important political power in California. Its firm conservative editorials and uncompromising stance against labor unions helped employers in California keep the open shop (a place of employment that does not require union membership) policies. His venomous attacks on unions, however led to the clash with unions and bombing of the Times building in which 20 people died.
Otis was also one of the key figures in the growth and prosperity of Los Angeles and California in general. Under his influence Los Angeles grew from a small frontier town to a major urban area with more than half-million people. He helped build the harbor and brought a water supply 240 miles over the mountains from the Owens River.
Publications
- Otis, Eliza A., Condon, Ann G., and Otis, Harrison G. 2001. Architects of our fortunes - the journal of Eliza A.W. Otis, 1860-1863 with letters and Civil War journal of Harrison Gray Otis. San Marino, CA: Huntington Library. ISBN 0873281810
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Denger, Mark J. Major-General Harrison Gray Otis, U.S.V. The California State Military Museum Retrieved on November 25, 2007
- Halberstam, David. 1979. The Powers That Be. New York, NY: Knopf. ISBN 9780252069413
- Hart, Jack R. 1981. The information empire: The rise of the Los Angeles Times and the Times Mirror Corporation. Washington, DC: University Press of America. ISBN 9780819115812
- McDougal, Dennis. 2002. Privileged son: Otis Chandler and the rise and fall of the L.A. Times dynasty. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo. ISBN 9780306811616
- Online Archive of California. Harrison Gray Otis Retrieved on November 25, 2007
External links
All links Retrieved November 25, 2007.
- Harrison Gray Otis and his Times – On the bombing of the L.A. Times
- Major-General Harrison Gray Otis, U.S.V. – Biography on the California State Military Museum
- McNamara brothers – On the background of 1910 bombing.
- Otis College of Art and Design – Official website of the school
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