Girolamo Frescobaldi
Girolamo Frescobaldi (baptized mid-September 1583 in Ferrara – March 1, 1643 in Rome) was an Italian musician, one of the most important composers of keyboard music in the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. There is no evidence that the Frescobaldi of Ferrara were related to the homonymous Florentine noble house.
Biography
Frescobaldi was born in Ferrara.
He studied under the organist and famous madrigalist Luzzasco Luzzaschi at Ferrara and is also considered to have been influenced by Carlo Gesualdo, who was in Ferrara at the time. His patron Guido Bentivoglio[1] helped him get the position as an organist at the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome in the spring of 1607. Frescobaldi travelled with Bentivoglio to the Low Countries before Frescobaldi became organist of St Peter's in Rome in 1608, a post he held until his death. From 1628 to 1634 he was organist at the court of the Medicis in Florence.
He wrote a large number of works for the organ and harpsichord, including toccatas, capricci, fantasie, canzonas, ricercare (a generic name for any contrapuntal piece), dances and variations. Among his best known works is the Fiori musicali (1635), a collection of organ works designed to be played during the mass service. He published two books of toccatas between 1615 and 1637, which contain the Cento Partite, one of his most virtuosic and experimental works. His vocal music, which includes a number of masses, motets and madrigals, and his instrumental music, is less well known, in spite of the "1st Volume of Canzoni to be played with any type of instrument" published in 1628.
Frescobaldi was one of the inventors of the modern conception of tempo, making a compromise between the ancient white mensural notation with a rigid tactus and the modern notion of tempo, which is characterized by acceleration and deceleration within a piece.
Frescobaldi's music was a very important influence on later composers, among them Johann Jakob Froberger and Johann Sebastian Bach (Bach is known to have owned a copy of Frescobaldi's Fiori musicali).
Trivia
- Sometimes jovially referred to as "Frisky Bald Guy" in musicological circles. A pun off his name, it is a fitting description of his characteristically sporadic style of composition, and the receding hairline that is evident in his later portraits.
- A piece attributed to Frescobaldi, a Toccata for cello and piano, was actually written by Gaspar Cassado.
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ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Frederick Hammond: Girolamo Frescobaldi. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-674-35438-9
- FREDERICK HAMMOND (1–7, bibliography), ALEXANDERSILBIGER (8–15, work-list): 'Frescobaldi, Girolamo Alessandro, §1: Ferrara, Rome and Flanders, 1583–1608', Grove Music Online (Accessed 04 December 2006), <http://www.grovemusic.com/shared/views/article.html?section=music.10219.1>
External links
- Free scores by Girolamo Frescobaldi in the Werner Icking Music Archive
- Kunst der Fuge: Girolamo Frescobaldi - MIDI files
