Difference between revisions of "Ensifera" - New World Encyclopedia
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**[[Tettigoniidae]] - katydids, koringkrieks | **[[Tettigoniidae]] - katydids, koringkrieks | ||
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| − | '''Ensifera''' is a suborder of the order [[Orthoptera]], comprising "longhorned" orthopterans commonly known as [[Cricket (insect)|cricket]]s, [[Tettigoniidae|katydids]] (or [[Tettigoniidae|bush crickets]]) and [[weta]], and characterized in extant members by long, fine, and threadlike antennae that have well over 30 segments and can reach several times the body length. "Ensifer" means "sword bearer" in [[Latin]], and refers to the typically elongated and blade-like [[ovipositor]] of the females, although several taxa have a reduced or absent ovipositor. There are more than 9,000 described species in Ensifera. | + | '''Ensifera''' is a suborder of the order [[Orthoptera]], comprising "longhorned" orthopterans commonly known as [[Cricket (insect)|cricket]]s, [[Tettigoniidae|katydids]] (or [[Tettigoniidae|bush crickets]]) and [[weta]], and characterized in extant members by long, fine, and threadlike antennae that have well over 30 segments and can reach several times the body length. "Ensifer" means "sword bearer" in [[Latin]], and refers to the typically elongated and blade-like [[ovipositor]] of the females, although several taxa have a reduced or absent ovipositor. There are more than 9,000 described species in Ensifera. |
| − | + | Members of Ensifera are sometimes collectively known as "long-horned [[grasshopper]]s" although this designation often is limited to the katydids (also called bush crickets in some countries) in the family [[Tettigoniidae]]. More commonly, the designation grasshopper itself refers to members of the orthopteran suborder Caelifera, also known as "shorthorned grasshoppers." | |
| + | Ensiderans are particularly well known as singing insects, with the males calling mates via stridulation, either involving rubbing together portions of their forewings (katydids and crickets) or a femur-abdominal mechanism (some weta). | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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[[Image:Cricket.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Note the long antennae of this tettigoniid]] | [[Image:Cricket.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Note the long antennae of this tettigoniid]] | ||
As members of the suborder [[Ensifera]], which also includes [[cricket]]s, the tettigoniids are characterized by fine and threadlike antennae with well over 30 segments (except fossil representatives), stidulatory specializations of the forewings to make sounds, auditory organs (when present) linked via modified tracheae to the enlarged mesothoracic spiracles, a sword-like or needle-like six-valved ovipositor (when present), and elongate mandibles with a prominent incisor (Gwynne and Desutter 1996). | As members of the suborder [[Ensifera]], which also includes [[cricket]]s, the tettigoniids are characterized by fine and threadlike antennae with well over 30 segments (except fossil representatives), stidulatory specializations of the forewings to make sounds, auditory organs (when present) linked via modified tracheae to the enlarged mesothoracic spiracles, a sword-like or needle-like six-valved ovipositor (when present), and elongate mandibles with a prominent incisor (Gwynne and Desutter 1996). | ||
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| + | The classification of the suborder was drastically revised in December 2005 by the [[Orthopterists' Society]]. | ||
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| + | ''Tettigoniidae''' is a major family of "long-horned [[grasshopper]]s" in the suborder Ensifera of the order [[Orthoptera]], characterized by strong hind limbs for leaping, powerful mouth-parts for chewing, four tarsal segments, long and threadlike [[antenna (biology)|antennae]] (which have well over 30 segments and may exceed their own body length), stidulatory specializations of the forewings to make sounds, and a left over right overlap of the singing wings in males. Members of Tettigoniidae are known by the common name of '''katydids''' in the New World, Australia, and New Zealand, and '''bushcrickets''' in Europe, while the term '''long-horned grasshoppers''' also is used in some locations (sometimes in Australia and New Zealand as well), but sometimes also applies to members of Ensifera in general. Tettigoniids are closely related to the [[cricket]]s of the same Ensifera suborder. | ||
Revision as of 14:54, 15 November 2008
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Ensifera is a suborder of the order Orthoptera, comprising "longhorned" orthopterans commonly known as crickets, katydids (or bush crickets) and weta, and characterized in extant members by long, fine, and threadlike antennae that have well over 30 segments and can reach several times the body length. "Ensifer" means "sword bearer" in Latin, and refers to the typically elongated and blade-like ovipositor of the females, although several taxa have a reduced or absent ovipositor. There are more than 9,000 described species in Ensifera.
Members of Ensifera are sometimes collectively known as "long-horned grasshoppers" although this designation often is limited to the katydids (also called bush crickets in some countries) in the family Tettigoniidae. More commonly, the designation grasshopper itself refers to members of the orthopteran suborder Caelifera, also known as "shorthorned grasshoppers."
Ensiderans are particularly well known as singing insects, with the males calling mates via stridulation, either involving rubbing together portions of their forewings (katydids and crickets) or a femur-abdominal mechanism (some weta).
Overview
As member of the insect order Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, and locusts), tettigoniids are characterized by chewing/biting mouthparts, incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolism), and two pairs of wings that are held overlapping the abdomen at rest. As with the other orthopterans, the the forewings are narrower than the hindwings and hardened at the base, while the hindwings are membranous and folded fan-like under the forewings when at rest.
As members of the suborder Ensifera, which also includes crickets, the tettigoniids are characterized by fine and threadlike antennae with well over 30 segments (except fossil representatives), stidulatory specializations of the forewings to make sounds, auditory organs (when present) linked via modified tracheae to the enlarged mesothoracic spiracles, a sword-like or needle-like six-valved ovipositor (when present), and elongate mandibles with a prominent incisor (Gwynne and Desutter 1996).
The classification of the suborder was drastically revised in December 2005 by the Orthopterists' Society.
Tettigoniidae' is a major family of "long-horned grasshoppers" in the suborder Ensifera of the order Orthoptera, characterized by strong hind limbs for leaping, powerful mouth-parts for chewing, four tarsal segments, long and threadlike antennae (which have well over 30 segments and may exceed their own body length), stidulatory specializations of the forewings to make sounds, and a left over right overlap of the singing wings in males. Members of Tettigoniidae are known by the common name of katydids in the New World, Australia, and New Zealand, and bushcrickets in Europe, while the term long-horned grasshoppers also is used in some locations (sometimes in Australia and New Zealand as well), but sometimes also applies to members of Ensifera in general. Tettigoniids are closely related to the crickets of the same Ensifera suborder.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Gwynne, D. T. and G. K. Morris. 2002. Tettigoniidae. Katydids, Long-horned grasshoppers and bushcrickets. Tree of Life Web Project Version 26 November 2002. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- Gwynne, D. T. and L. DeSutter. 1996. Ensifera. Crickets, katydids and weta. Tree of Life Web Project Version 01 January 1996. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- Gwynne, D. T., L. DeSutter, P. Flook, and H. Rowell. 1996. Orthoptera. Crickets, kaytdids, grasshoppers, etc.. Tree of Life Web Project Version 01 January 1996. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
External links
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