Difference between revisions of "Baroque art" - New World Encyclopedia

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Painting

The Council of Trent (1545-63), in which the Roman Catholic Church answered many questions of internal reform raised by both Protestants and by those who had remained inside the Catholic Church, addressed the representational arts by demanding that paintings and sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed.

Nativity by Josefa de Óbidos, 1669, National Museum of Ancient Art, Lisbon

Due to this Baroque art tends to focus on Saints, the Virgin Mary, and other well known Bible stories. This turn toward a populist conception of the function of ecclesiastical art is seen by many art historians as driving the innovations of Caravaggio and the Carracci brothers, all of whom were working (and competing for commissions) in Rome around 1600.

However, although religious painting, history painting, allegories, and portraits were still considered the most noble subjects, landscape, still life, and genre scenes were also very common.

Baroque art is characterized by great drama, rich deep color, and intense light and dark shadows. As opposed to Renaissance art, which usually showed the moment before an event took place, Baroque artists chose the most dramatic point, the moment when the action was occurring: Michelangelo, working in the High Renaissance, shows his David composed and still before he battles Goliath; Bernini's baroque David is caught in the act of hurling the stone at the giant. Baroque art was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance.

See also Baroque illusionistic painting

Notable Baroque painters

Dutch

Rembrandt
Frans Hals
Ruisdael
Johannes Vermeer
Jan Steen

Flemish

Peter Paul Rubens
Anthony van Dyck
Jacob Jordaens
Jan Brueghel the Elder
Frans Snyders
David Teniers the Younger

French

Jean de Beaugrand (1584-1640)
Georges de La Tour (1590-1652)
Nicolas Poussin (c. 1594-1665)
Claude Lorrain (1600-1682)
Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743)

Italian

Caravaggio (1571-1610)
Guercino
Annibale Carracci (1560-1609)
Orazio Gentileschi (1563-1639)
Artemisia Gentileschi (1592-1652/53)
Agostino Carracci
Ludovico Carracci

Portuguese

Josefa de Óbidos (1630-1684)

Spanish

Francisco Ribalta (1565 - 1628)
José de Ribera, Lo Spagnoletto (1591 - 1652)
Francisco Zurbarán (1598 - 1664)
Diego Velázquez (1599 - 1660)
Alonso Cano (1601 - 1667)
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1617 - 1682)
Juan de Valdés Leal (1622 - 1690)

Sculpture

The most important sculptor of the Baroque period was undoubtedly Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680), who approached Michelangelo in his multiple skills. Bernini sculpted, worked as an architect, painted, wrote plays, and staged spectacles. In the late 20th century Bernini was most valued for his sculpture, both for his virtuosity in carving marble and his ability to create figures that combine the physical and the spiritual. He was also a fine portraitist in high demand among the powerful for bust-length likenesses.

Baroque sculptors and architects

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
Francesco Borromini (1599-1667)
Claude Perrault (1613-1688), French

Credits

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}}
-'''Baroque art''' is the [[painting]] and [[sculpture]] associated with the [[Baroque]] [[cultural movement]], a movement often identified{{Fact|date=March 2007}} with [[political absolutism|Absolutism]] and the [[Counter Reformation]]; the existence of important Baroque art and [[architecture]] in non-absolutist and [[Protestant]] states, however, undercuts this linking.{{Fact|date=March 2007}}
 == Painting ==
 The [[Council of Trent]] (1545-63), in which the [[Roman Catholic Church]] answered many questions of internal reform raised by both [[Protestantism|Protestants]] and by those who had remained inside the Catholic Church, addressed the representational arts by demanding that [[painting]]s and [[sculpture]]s in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed.
-[[Image:JosefaObidos1.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Nativity of Jesus|''Nativity'']] by [[Josefa de Óbidos]], [[1669]], [[National Museum of Ancient Art]], [[Lisbon]]]] Due to this Baroque art tends to focus on Saints, the Virgin Mary, and other well known Bible stories. This turn toward a [[populist]] conception of the function of ecclesiastical art is seen by many [[Art history|art historians]] as driving the innovations of [[Michelangelo Merisi|Caravaggio]] and the [[Carracci]] brothers, all of whom were working (and competing for commissions) in Rome around [[1600]].
+[[Image:JosefaObidos1.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Nativity of Jesus|''Nativity'']] by [[Josefa de Óbidos]], [[1669]], [[National Museum of Ancient Art]], [[Lisbon]]]] Due to this Baroque art tends to focus on Saints, the Virgin Mary, and other well known Bible stories. This turn toward a [[populist]] conception of the function of ecclesiastical art is seen by many [[Art history|art historians]] as driving the innovations of [[Michelangelo Merisi|Caravaggio]] and the [[Carracci]] brothers, all of whom were working (and competing for commissions) in Rome around 1600.
-However, although [[sacred art|religious painting]], [[history painting]], [[allegories]], and [[portraits]] were still considered the most noble subjects, [[landscape]], [[still life]], and genre scenes were also very common.
+However, although religious painting, history painting, allegories, and portraits were still considered the most noble subjects, landscape, still life, and genre scenes were also very common.
-Baroque art is characterized by great drama, rich deep color, and intense light and dark shadows. As opposed to Renaissance art, which usually showed the moment before an event took place, Baroque artists chose the most dramatic point, the moment when the action was occurring: [[Michelangelo]], working in the [[High Renaissance]], shows his [[David (Michelangelo)|David]] composed and still before he battles [[Goliath]]; [[Bernini]]'s baroque [[David (Bernini)|David]] is caught in the act of hurling the stone at the giant. Baroque art was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance.
+Baroque art is characterized by great drama, rich deep color, and intense light and dark shadows. As opposed to Renaissance art, which usually showed the moment before an event took place, Baroque artists chose the most dramatic point, the moment when the action was occurring: [[Michelangelo]], working in the [[High Renaissance]], shows his [[David (Michelangelo)|David]] composed and still before he battles Goliath; [[Bernini]]'s baroque [[David]] is caught in the act of hurling the stone at the giant. Baroque art was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance.
 :''See also [[Baroque illusionistic painting]]''