Bergman, Ingrid

From New World Encyclopedia
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{{epname|Bergman, Ingrid}}
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| image        = Gaslight 1944 trailer(3).jpg
 
| image        = Gaslight 1944 trailer(3).jpg
 
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| caption      = Ingrid Bergman in ''[[Gaslight (1944 film)|Gaslight]]'',<br>her first [[Academy Award]]-winning role.
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| caption      = Ingrid Bergman in ''Gaslight'',<br/>her first of three Academy Award-winning roles.
 
| birthname    = Ingrid Bergman
 
| birthname    = Ingrid Bergman
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| birthdate    = [[August 29]] [[1915]]
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| birthdate    = August 29 1915
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| location      = {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stockholm, Sweden]]
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| location      = Stockholm, [[Sweden]]
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| deathdate    = [[August 29]] [[1982]], age {{#expr:(1982)-(1915)-((8)<(8)or(8)=(8)and(29)<(29))}}
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| deathdate    = August 29 1982
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| deathplace    = {{flagicon|England}} [[London]], [[England]]
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| deathplace    = London, [[United Kingdom|England]]
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| yearsactive  = [[1935 in film|1935]]-[[1982 in film|1982]]
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| yearsactive  = 1935-1982
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| spouse        = Dr. Aron Petter Lindström (1937-1950)<br>[[Roberto Rossellini]] (1950-1957)<br>Lars Schmidt (1958-1975)
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| spouse        = Dr. Aron Petter Lindström (1937-1950)<br/>Roberto Rossellini (1950-1957)<br/>Lars Schmidt (1958-1975)
 
| notable role  =
 
| notable role  =
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| academyawards = '''[[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]''' <br> 1944 ''[[Gaslight (1944 film)|Gaslight]]'' <br> 1956 ''[[Anastasia (1956 film)|Anastasia]]'' <br> '''[[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]''' <br> 1974 ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]''
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| academyawards = '''Best Actress''' <br/> 1944 ''Gaslight'' <br/> 1956 ''Anastasia'' <br/> '''Best Supporting Actress''' <br/> 1974 ''Murder on the Orient Express''
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| emmyawards    = '''Outstanding Lead Actress - Miniseries or a Movie''' <br> 1960 ''[[Turn of The Screw]]'' <br> 1982 ''[[A Woman Called Golda]]''
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| emmyawards    = '''Outstanding Lead Actress - Miniseries or a Movie''' <br/> 1960 ''Turn of The Screw'' <br/> 1982 ''A Woman Called Golda''
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| tonyawards    = '''Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play''' <br> 1947 ''[[Joan of Lorraine]]''
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| tonyawards    = '''Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play''' <br/> 1947 ''Joan of Lorraine''
 
}}
 
}}
  
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{{Audio|sv-Ingrid_Bergman.ogg|'''Ingrid Bergman'''}} (pronounced {{IPA|[ˈbɛrjman]}} in [[Swedish language|Swedish]], but usually {{IPA|[ˈbɝgmən]}} in [[English language|English]], [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] notation) ([[August 29]] [[1915]] &ndash; [[August 29]] [[1982]]) was a three-time [[Academy Award]]-winning [[Swedish people|Swedish]] [[Actor|actress]]. In addition, she won two [[Emmy Award]]s and one [[Tony Award]]. She was ranked as the [[American_Film_Institute%27s_50_Greatest_Screen_Legends|fourth greatest female star]] of all time by the [[American Film Institute]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/stars.aspx  | title = AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars | publisher = [[American Film Institute]] | accessdate = 2006-10-23 }}</ref>
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'''Ingrid Bergman''' (August 29 1915 – August 29 1982) was a three-time [[Academy Award]]-winning [[Sweden|Swedish]] actress. In addition, she won two Emmy Awards and one Tony Award. She was ranked as the fourth greatest female star of all time by the American Film Institute. She is considered by many to be one of the foremost actresses of the twentieth century. When the public discovered that she had given birth to a child before her 1950 marriage to [[Roberto Rossellini]] while still married to Petter Lindström, many people expressed outrage, since in their view this was immoral and clashed with her on-screen image, which has been described as “saintly.”<ref name=Chandler>Charlotte Chandler, ''Ingrid: Ingrid Bergman, A Personal Biography'' (Simon & Schuster, 2007, ISBN 978-0743294218).</ref> One U.S. Senator even went so far as to denounce her as a “powerful influence for evil.”<ref> Julien Pretot, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-filmfestival-cannes-rossellini/ingrid-bergman-had-made-peace-with-america-says-daughter-rossellini-idUSKBN0O20M520150517 Ingrid Bergman had made peace with America, says daughter Rossellini] ''Reuters'', May 17, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2022.</ref>
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== Biography ==
 
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=== Early years: 1915-1938 ===
 
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[[Image:Bergman Casablanca.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Ingrid Bergman in ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]''.]]
 
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Bergman was born on [[August 29]] [[1915]], in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]. When she was three years old, her mother died. Her father passed away when she was thirteen. She was then sent off to live with an aunt, who died of heart complications only six months later. Afterwards she was raised by another aunt and uncle, who had five children.
 
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At the age of 17, Ingrid Bergman auditioned for and was accepted to the [[Royal Dramatic Theatre]] in Stockholm. During her first summer break, she was hired at a Swedish film studio, which consequently led to her leaving the [[Royal Dramatic Theater]] to work in films full time, after having attended for only one year. Her first film role after leaving the Royal Dramatic Theater was a small part in 1935's ''[[Munkbrogreven]]'' (She had previously been an extra in the 1932 film ''[[Landskamp]]'').  
 
  
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On [[July 10]] [[1937]], at the age of 21, she married a dentist, Petter Lindström (who would later become a doctor). On [[September 20]] [[1938]], she gave birth to a daughter, [[Pia Lindström]].
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At the time, Bergman's marriage was unhappy. Few people at the time who were not of a similar celebrity status knew how much personal pressure a star such as Bergman experienced. This does not excuse immorality but it does raise important issues: the viewing public demand more and more entertainment from their stars, raising them to such iconic status that few are able to live up to the high expectations placed on them not only to perform but also to live virtuously. The fact that stars live their lives in the full glare of publicity means that their failings become public property, while the lives of those who criticize and denounce remain opaque.
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{{toc}}
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In addition to the significant legacy represented by her films, especially ''Casablanca'', Bergman's biography invites discussion of such issues as the pressures under which stars live, how much of their personal lives should properly be exposed and whether we ought to expect them to act any better than we do ourselves. Is it reasonable to expect athletes and film stars to exemplify moral standards, or are such expectations more fairly demanded of those who actually claim to be moral, who present themselves as models to be imitated?
  
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After a dozen films in Sweden (including ''[[En kvinnas ansikte]]'' which would later be remade as ''[[A Woman's Face]]'' with [[Joan Crawford]]) and one in [[Germany]], Bergman was signed by Hollywood producer [[David O. Selznick]] to star in the [[Intermezzo (1939 film)|1939 English language remake]] of her 1936 Swedish language film, ''[[Intermezzo (1936 film)|Intermezzo]]''. It was an enormous success and Bergman became a star, described as "Sweden's illustrious gift to [[Hollywood]]". Some things that set her apart from other female stars in Hollywood at that time were that she did not change her name, her appearance was entirely natural with little to no makeup, and that she was one of the tallest leading ladies.
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== Life ==
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[[File:Ingrid Bergman with her father 1921.jpg|thumb|300px|Ingrid Bergman with her father Justus in 1921]]
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Ingrid Bergman was born on August 29, 1915, in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]] to a Swedish father, Justus Samuel Bergman (May 2, 1871 – July 29, 1929), and his German wife, Frieda "Friedel" Henriette Auguste Louise (née Adler) Bergman (September 12, 1884 – January 19, 1918), who was born in Kiel. Although she was raised in Sweden, she spent her summers in [[Germany]] and spoke fluent German.  
  
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=== Hollywood period: 1938-1949 ===
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When Ingrid was three years old, her mother died. Her father passed away when she was thirteen. She was then sent off to live with an aunt, who died of [[heart]] complications only six months later. Ultimately she was raised by another aunt and uncle, who had five children.
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[[Image:Ingrid Bergman in Notorious Trailer.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Cary Grant]] and Ingrid Bergman in ''[[Notorious]]''.]]
 
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After completing one last film in Sweden and appearing in three moderately successful films in the [[United States]], Bergman joined [[Humphrey Bogart]] in the 1942 classic film ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'', which remains her most recognizable role.
 
  
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That same year, she received her first Academy Award nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)|For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'' (1943), which was also her first color film.  The following year she won the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for ''[[Gaslight (1944 film)|Gaslight]]'' (1944). She received a third consecutive nomination for Best Actress with her performance as a nun in ''[[The Bells of St. Mary's]]'' (1945). Later, she would receive another Best Actress nomination for ''[[Joan of Arc (1948 film)|Joan of Arc]]'' (1948), an independent film produced by [[Walter Wanger]] and initially released through [[RKO]], which Bergman had championed since her arrival in Hollywood and which she had previously acted in as a stage play. Partly because of the scandal with Rossellini, the film was not a big hit, and received disastrous reviews. It was subsequently shorn of 45 minutes, and it was not until its restoration to full length in 1998 and its 2004 appearance on [[DVD]] that later audiences could see it as it was intended to be shown.
+
At 17 years old, Ingrid Bergman auditioned for and was accepted to the Royal Dramatic Theater in Stockholm. During her first summer break, she was hired at a Swedish [[film]] studio, which consequently led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theater to work in films full time, after having attended for only one year. Her first film role after leaving the Royal Dramatic Theater was a small part in 1935's ''Munkbrogreven''.  
  
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She also starred in the Alfred Hitchcock films ''[[Spellbound (1945 film)|Spellbound]]'' (1945), ''[[Notorious]]'' (1946), and ''[[Under Capricorn]]'' (1949).  
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On July 10, 1937, when she was 21 years old, she married a dentist, Petter Lindström. On September 20, 1938, she gave birth to a daughter, Pia Lindström. The marriage ended in [[divorce]].
  
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Between motion pictures, Bergman appeared in the stage plays ''Liliom'', ''[[Anna Christie]]'', and ''[[Joan of Lorraine]]''. Furthermore, during a press conference in Washington, D.C. for the promotion of ''Joan of Lorraine'', she protested segregation after seeing it first hand at the theater she was acting in. This led to a lot of publicity and some hate mail.
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In 1949, Bergman met [[Italy|Italian]] director Roberto Rossellini in order to make the film ''Stromboli'' (1950), after having been a fan of two of his previous films that she had seen while in the [[United States]]. The couple married on May 24, 1950, and had one son, Roberto Ingmar Rossellini and twin daughters, Isabella Rossellini, who became an actress and model, and Isotta Ingrid Rossellini. A scandal erupted when it was discovered that she had given birth to Rossellini's child while still married to Petter Lindström.  
  
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Ingrid Bergman also went to Alaska during World War II in order to entertain troops. Soon after the war ended, she also went to Europe for the same purpose, where she was able to see the devastation caused by the war. It was also during this time that she began a relationship with the famous photographer [[Robert Capa]].
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Over the next few years, she appeared in several Italian films for Rossellini, including ''Giovanna d'Arco al rogo'' (1954), a dramatic oratorio by Arthur Honegger about [[Joan of Arc]]. The Rossellini-Bergman marriage ended in divorce on November 7, 1957.
  
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[[Image:Ingrid Bergman - For Whom The Bell Tolls.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)|For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'' was one of the few color films in which Ingrid Bergman acted during the 1940s.]]
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Bergman married producer Lars Schmidt, also from Sweden, on December 21, 1958. This marriage ultimately led to divorce in 1975.
  
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=== Italian period: 1949-1957 ===
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In 1980, Bergman's autobiography was published under the title ''Ingrid Bergman: My Story''.<ref>Ingrid Bergman and Alan Burgess, ''Ingrid Bergman: My Story'' (New York: Delacorte Press, 1980, ISBN 9780440032991).</ref> In the book, Bergman tells about her childhood, her early career, her life during her time in Hollywood, her marriages, and subsequent events. The book was written after her children warned that she would only be known through rumors and interviews if she did not tell her own story.  
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In 1949, Bergman met [[Italy|Italian]] [[Film director|director]] [[Roberto Rossellini]] in order to make the film ''[[Stromboli (film)|Stromboli]]'' (1950), after having been a fan of two of his previous films that she had seen while in the United States. During the making of this movie, she fell in love with him and became pregnant with a son, Roberto Ingmar Rossellini (born [[February 7]] [[1950]]).  
 
  
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The pregnancy caused a huge scandal in the United States. It even led to her being denounced on the floor of the U.S. Senate by [[Edwin C. Johnson]], a Senator from Colorado, who referred to her as "a horrible example of womanhood and a powerful influence for evil." In addition, there was a floor vote, which resulted in her being made a persona non grata. The scandal forced Ingrid Bergman to exile herself to Italy, leaving her husband and daughter in the United States. Her husband, Dr. Petter Lindström, eventually sued for desertion and waged a custody battle for Pia Lindström.
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Bergman died in 1982 on her 67th birthday in [[London]], [[England]], following a long battle with [[breast cancer]]. Her body was [[Cremation|cremated]] in [[Sweden]]. Most of her ashes were scattered in the sea with the remainder being interred in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm next to her parents.
  
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Ingrid Bergman married Roberto Rossellini on [[May 24]] [[1950]]. On [[June 18]] [[1952]], she gave birth to twin daughters, [[Isabella Rossellini]], who is a famous actress and model, and [[Ingrid Rossellini|Isotta Ingrid Rossellini]]. Over the next few years, she appeared in several Italian films for Rossellini, including ''Giovanna d'Arco al rogo'' (1954), a  dramatic [[oratorio]] by [[Arthur Honegger]] about Joan of Arc. The Rossellini-Bergman marriage ended in divorce on [[November 7]] [[1957]].  
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==Career==
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[[Image:Ingrid Bergman in Notorious Trailer.jpg|thumb|400px|right|[[Cary Grant]] and Ingrid Bergman in ''Notorious'']]
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[[Image:Ingrid Bergman in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Trailer.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Ingrid Bergman in ''Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'']]
 +
After a dozen films in Sweden, Bergman was signed by Hollywood producer [[David O. Selznick]] to star in the 1939 [[England|English]] language remake of her 1936 Swedish language film, ''Intermezzo''. It was an enormous success and Bergman became a star, described as "Sweden's illustrious gift to Hollywood."<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000006/bio Ingrid Bergman Biography] ''IMDb''. Retrieved July 2, 2022.</ref> Some things that set her apart from other female stars in Hollywood at that time were that she did not change her name, her appearance was entirely natural with little to no makeup, and that she was one of the tallest leading ladies.
  
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After separating from Rossellini she starred in [[Jean Renoir]]'s ''[[Elena and Her Men]]'', a romantic comedy where she played a Polish princess caught in political intrigue. Although the film wasn't a success, it has since come to be regarded as one of her best performances.  
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After completing one last film in Sweden and appearing in three moderately successful films in the [[United States]], Bergman joined [[Humphrey Bogart]] in the 1942 classic film ''Casablanca'', which remains her most recognizable role.
  
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During her time in Italy, anger over her private life in the United States had continued unabated, with [[Ed Sullivan]] at one point infamously polling his TV show audience as to whether she should be forgiven.
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That same year, she received her first [[Academy Award]] nomination for Best Actress for ''For Whom the Bell Tolls'' (1943), which was also her first [[color]] film. The following year she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for ''Gaslight'' (1944). She received a third consecutive nomination for Best Actress with her performance as a nun in ''The Bells of St. Mary's'' (1945). Later, she would receive another Best Actress nomination for her portrayal of [[Joan of Arc]] in the movie by the same name (1948). It was an independent film produced by Walter Wanger and initially released through RKO, which Bergman had championed since her arrival in Hollywood and which she had previously acted in as a stage play. The film was not a big hit, and received disastrous reviews. It was subsequently shortened of 45 minutes, and it was not until its restoration to full length in 1998 and its 2004 appearance on DVD that later audiences could see it as it was intended to be shown.
  
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=== Later years: 1957-1982 ===
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She also starred in the [[Alfred Hitchcock]] films ''Spellbound'' (1945), ''Notorious'' (1946), and ''Under Capricorn'' (1949).  
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With her starring role in 1956's ''[[Anastasia (1956 film)|Anastasia]]'', Bergman made her post-scandal triumphant return to the American screen and won the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for a second time. This award was accepted for her by her friend [[Cary Grant]].<ref>
 
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{{cite web
 
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| url = http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Academy_Awards_USA/1957
 
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| title = 1957 Academy Awards
 
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| publisher = Internet Movie Database
 
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| accessdate = 2006-10-23 }}
 
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</ref> Bergman would not make her first post-scandal public appearance in Hollywood until the 1958 Academy Awards, when she was the presenter of the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]].<ref>
 
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{{cite web
 
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|url = http://theoscarsite.com/1958.htm
 
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|title = All the Oscars: 1958
 
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|publisher = the OscarSite.com - A celebration of all things Oscar
 
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|author = Gary Moody
 
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|accessdate = 2006-12-10 }}
 
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</ref> Furthermore, after being introduced by Cary Grant and walking out on stage to present, she was given a standing ovation.
 
  
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Bergman would continue to alternate between performances in [[United States|American]] and [[European]] films for the rest of her career and also made occasional appearances in television dramas such as a 1959 production of ''[[The Turn of the Screw]]'' for ''[[Startime]]'' for which she won an [[Emmy Award]] for Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress.  
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Ingrid Bergman went to Alaska during [[World War II]] in order to entertain troops. Soon after the war ended, she also went to [[Europe]] for the same purpose, where she was able to see the devastation caused by the war.
  
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During this time, she also performed in several stage plays. In addition, she married the producer Lars Schmidt, a fellow Swede, on [[December 21]] [[1958]]. This marriage ultimately led to divorce in 1975.   
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[[File:Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight 1944.jpg|thumb|300px|Ingrid Bergman in 1944]]
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With her starring role in 1956's ''Anastasia'', Bergman won the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for a second time. This award was accepted for her by her friend [[Cary Grant]].
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 +
Bergman alternated between performances in [[United States|American]] and [[Europe|European]] films for the rest of her career and also made occasional appearances in [[television]] dramas such as a 1959 production of ''The Turn of the Screw'' for ''Startime'' for which she won an [[Emmy Award]] for Outstanding Single Performance by an actress. She also performed in several stage plays during this time.   
  
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In 1972, Senator [[Charles H. Percy]] entered an apology into the Congressional Record for the attack made on her 22 years earlier by [[Edwin C. Johnson]].
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Bergman received her third [[Academy Award]] for her performance in ''Murder on the Orient Express '' (1974), but she publicly declared at the Academy Awards telecast that year that the award rightfully belonged to Italian actress Valentina Cortese for ''Day for Night'' by concluding her acceptance speech with "Please forgive me, Valentina. I didn't mean to."
  
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Bergman received her third Academy Award (and first for [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]) for her performance in ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'' (1974), but she publicly declared at the Academy Awards telecast that year that the award rightfully belonged to Italian actress [[Valentina Cortese]] for [[Day for Night (film)|Day for Night]] by concluding her acceptance speech with "Please forgive me, Valentina. I didn't mean to."<ref>
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In 1978, she played in [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s ''Höstsonaten'' (''Autumn Sonata'') for which she received her seventh Academy Award nomination and made her final performance on the big screen. In the film, Bergman plays a celebrity [[piano|pianist]] who returns to Sweden to visit her neglected daughter, played by Liv Ullman. The film was shot in [[Norway]]. It is considered by many to be among Ingrid's best performances.
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{{cite web
 
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|url = http://theoscarsite.com/1974.htm
 
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|title = All the Oscars: 1974
 
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|publisher = the OscarSite.com - A celebration of all things Oscar
 
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|author = Gary Moody
 
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|accessdate = 2006-12-10 }}
 
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</ref>
 
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In 1978, she played in [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s ''[[Autumn Sonata|Höstsonaten]]'' (''Autumn Sonata'') for which she received her seventh Academy Award nomination and made her final performance on the big screen. In the film, Bergman plays a celebrity pianist who returns to Sweden to visit her neglected daughter, played by [[Liv Ullman]]. The film was shot in Norway. It is considered by many to be among Ingrid's best performances.
 
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Bergman was honored posthumously with her second [[Emmy Award]] for Best Actress in 1982 for the television [[mini-series]] ''[[A Woman Called Golda]]'', about the late [[Israeli]] [[prime minister]] [[Golda Meir]]. It was her final acting role. One of her co-stars in this mini-series was [[Leonard Nimoy]].
 
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=== Death ===
 
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Bergman died in 1982 on her 67th birthday in [[London, England]], following a long battle with [[breast cancer]]. Her body was cremated in Sweden. Most of her ashes were scattered in the sea with the remainder being interred in the [[Norra begravningsplatsen]] in [[Stockholm]] next to her parents.  She was honored posthumously by [[Ingmar Bergman]].
 
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==Autobiography==
 
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In 1980, Bergman's autobiography was published under the title ''Ingrid Bergman: My Story'' and was written with the help of [[Alan Burgess]]. In the book, Ingrid tells about her childhood, her early career, her life during her time in Hollywood, the Rossellini Scandal, and subsequent events. The book was written after her children warned that she would only be known through rumors and interviews if she did not tell her own story. It was through this autobiography that her affair with [[Robert Capa]] became known.
 
  
 
==Legacy==
 
==Legacy==
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For her contributions to the motion picture industry, Ingrid Bergman has a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 6759 Hollywood Blvd.  She continues to be a cultural icon - not only for her role in ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'', but for her career as a whole and for her innocent, natural beauty. In addition, she is considered by many to be one of the foremost actresses of the 20th century.
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The news of Bergman's death was widely reported by mainstream media across the United States and Europe.<ref>Patt Morrison, [https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-ingrid-bergman-19820831-story.html From the Archives: 3-Time Oscar Winner Ingrid Bergman Dies] ''Los Angeles Times'', August 31, 1982. Retrieved July 2, 2022.</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' paid its tribute in an article that called her "an actress whose innocent yet provocative beauty made her one of the great stars of stage and screen."<ref>J.Y. Smith, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1982/08/31/actress-ingrid-bergman-academy-award-winner-dies/ecfe5360-d8ed-4ef5-8581-055e225b552f/ Actress Ingrid Bergman, Academy Award Winner, Dies] ''The Washington Post'', August 31, 1982. Retrieved July 2, 2022.</ref>
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==Trivia==
 
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[[Image:Ingrid Bergman in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Trailer.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Ingrid Bergman in ''[[Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941 film)|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]''.]].
 
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* There is a hybrid tea rose named after her.<ref>
 
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{{cite web
 
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| url = http://www.worldrose.org/awards/ingrid.html  
 
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| title = Ingrid Bergman Rose Awards Page
 
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| publisher = World Federation of Rose Societies
 
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| accessdate = 2006-10-23 }}
 
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</ref>
 
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* She became a smoker after needing to smoke for her role in ''[[Arch of Triumph (1948 film)|Arch of Triumph]]''.<ref>
 
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{{cite web
 
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| url = http://smokingsides.com/asfs/B/Bergman.html
 
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| title = Female Celebrity Smoking List - Ingrid Bergman
 
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| publisher = Smoking from All Sides
 
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| accessdate = 2006-10-23 }}
 
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</ref>
 
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* She was the President of the Jury at the 1973 [[Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>
 
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{{cite web
 
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| url = http://www.festival-cannes.fr/perso/index.php?langue=6002&personne=4296444
 
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| title = Ingrid Bergman Profile
 
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| publisher = [[Cannes Film Festival]]
 
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| accessdate = 2006-10-23 }}</ref>
 
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* Bergman could speak [[Swedish (language)|Swedish]] (her native language), [[German language|German]] (her second language), [[English language|English]] (learned while in United States), [[Italian language|Italian]] (developed while exiled in Italy), and [[French language|French]] (originally learned in school) fluently. Fellow actor [[John Gielgud]] playfully mocked this ability when he remarked, "She speaks five languages and can't act in any of them."<ref>
 
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{{cite news
 
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| url = http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2002/Aug-26-Mon-2002/news/19489130.html
 
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| title = The Punch Line
 
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| publisher = [[Las Vegas Review-Journal]]
 
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| date = 2002-8-26 
 
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| accessdate = 2006-10-22 }}
 
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</ref>
 
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* She was the topic of a [[Woody Guthrie]] song entitled "Ingrid Bergman," which was composed in the year 1950. At the request of Woody's daughter Nora Guthrie, English folk-rocker [[Billy Bragg]] and the southern-rock group Wilco set these lyrics to music and placed the song on the 1998 hit album "Mermaid Avenue."<ref>
 
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{{cite web
 
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| url = http://www.woodyguthrie.org/Lyrics/Ingrid_Bergman.htm
 
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| title = Ingrid Bergman Lyrics
 
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| publisher = Official Woodie Guthrie Website
 
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| accessdate = 2006-10-23 }}
 
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</ref>
 
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* She hosted the AFI's Life Achievement Award Ceremony for Alfred Hitchcock in 1979.<ref>
 
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{{cite web
 
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| url = http://imdb.com/title/tt0268597/
 
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| title = The American Film Institute Salute to Alfred Hitchcock
 
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| publisher = Internet Movie Database
 
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| accessdate = 2006-10-23 }}
 
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</ref>
 
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*After losing to Ingrid Bergman for the 1944 Best Actress Academy Award, [[Barbara Stanwyck]] told the press she was a member of the Ingrid Bergman Fan Club, "I don't feel at all bad about the Award because my favorite actress won it and has earned it by all her performances."<ref>
 
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{{cite web
 
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|url = http://theoscarsite.com/1944.htm
 
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|title = All the Oscars: 1944
 
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|publisher = the OscarSite.com - A celebration of all things Oscar
 
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|author = Gary Moody
 
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|accessdate = 2006-12-10 }}
 
−
</ref>
 
−
*Ingrid Bergman was a student of the acting coach [[Michael Chekhov]] during the 1940's. Coincidentally, it was his role in [[Spellbound]], of which she was a star, that he received his only nomination for an Academy Award.
 
−
 
 
−
==Quotes==
 
−
{{rquote|left|A kiss is a lovely trick designed by nature to stop speech when words become superfluous.|Ingrid Bergman}}
 
−
{{rquote|center|Happiness is good health and a bad memory.|Ingrid Bergman}}
 
−
 
 
−
<br clear = left>
 
−
 
 
−
{{rquote|left|I've gone from saint to whore and back to saint again, all in one lifetime.|Ingrid Bergman}}
 
−
{{rquote|center|I've never sought success in order to get fame and money; it's the talent and the passion that count in success.|Ingrid Bergman}}
 
−
 
 
−
<br clear = left>
 
−
 
 
−
==Credits==
 
−
=== Filmography ===
 
−
====1930s====
 
−
<div style="font-size: 95%">
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
 
−
! Year !! Film !! English Title !! Role
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1932 in film|1932]] || ''[[Landskamp]]'' || &nbsp; || Girl Waiting in Line
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1935 in film|1935]] || ''[[Munkbrogreven]]'' || ''The Count of the Monk's Bridge'' || Elsa Edlund
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1935 in film|1935]] || ''[[Bränningar]]'' || ''Ocean Breakers'' || Karin Ingman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1935 in film|1935]] || ''[[Swedenhielms]]'' || ''Swedenhielms Family'' || Astrid
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1935 in film|1935]] || ''[[Valborgsmässoafton (film)|Valborgsmässoafton]]'' || ''Walpurgis Night'' || Lena Bergström
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1936 in film|1936]] || ''[[På solsidan]]'' || ''On the Sunny Side'' || Eva Bergh
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1936 in film|1936]] || ''[[Intermezzo (1936 film)|Intermezzo]]'' || &nbsp; || Anita Hoffman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Dollar (film)|Dollar]]'' || &nbsp; || Julia Balzar
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Kvinnas ansikte, En]]'' || ''A Woman's Face'' || Anna Holm, aka Anna Paulsson
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Vier Gesellen, Die]]'' || ''The Four Companions'' || Marianne
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''[[Enda natt, En]]'' || ''Only One Night'' || Eva Beckman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''[[Intermezzo (1939 film)|Intermezzo: A Love Story]]'' || &nbsp; || Anita Hoffman
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
 
−
====1940s====
 
−
<div style="font-size: 95%">
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
 
−
! Year !! Film !! English Title !! Role
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''[[Juninatten]]'' || ''June Night'' || Kerstin Norbäc - aka Sara Nordanå
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[Adam Had Four Sons]] '' || &nbsp; || Emilie Gallatin
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[Rage in Heaven]]'' || &nbsp; || Stella Bergen Monrell
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941 film)|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' || &nbsp; || Ivy Peterson
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'' || &nbsp; || Ilsa Lund
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1943 in film|1943]] || ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)|For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'' || &nbsp; || María
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1943 in film|1943]] || ''[[Swedes in America]]'' (short subject) || &nbsp; || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1944 in film|1944]] || ''[[Gaslight (1944 film)|Gaslight]]'' || &nbsp; || Paula Alquist Anton
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945 in film|1945]] || ''[[Saratoga Trunk]]'' || &nbsp; || Clio Dulaine
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945 in film|1945]] || ''[[Spellbound (1945 film)|Spellbound]]'' || &nbsp; || Dr. Constance Petersen
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945 in film|1945]] || ''[[The Bells of St. Mary's]]'' || &nbsp; || Sister Mary Benedict
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1946 in film|1946]] || ''[[American Creed]]'' (short subject) || &nbsp; || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1946 in film|1946]] || ''[[Notorious]]'' || &nbsp; || Alicia Huberman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''[[Arch of Triumph (1948 film)|Arch of Triumph]]'' || &nbsp; || Joan Madou
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''[[Joan of Arc (1948 film)|Joan of Arc]]'' || &nbsp; || Joan of Arc
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1949 in film|1949]] || ''[[Under Capricorn]]'' || &nbsp; || Lady Henrietta Flusky
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
  
−
====1950s====
+
Bergman's death was mourned by many, especially her fellow co-stars. They praised her tenacity, spirit, and warmth. Paul Henreid commented, "She was so terribly beautiful in her youth. She was a very strong lady with great desires and emotions and she led a colorful life." Liv Ullmann said, "She made me very proud to be a woman." [[Leonard Nimoy]], who starred with her in the 1981 television movie ''Golda'', her final acting role, praised her tenacity and courage: "I developed enormous respect for her as a person and talent. She was a marvelous lady and actress."<ref>Vernon Scott,[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/08/30/Actress-remembered-as-strong-in-cancer-fight/3760399528000/ Actress remembered as strong in cancer fight] ''United Press International'', August 30, 1982. Retrieved July 2, 2022. </ref>
−
<div style="font-size: 95%">
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
 
−
! Year !! Film !! English Title !! Role
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1950 in film|1950]] || ''[[Stromboli (film)|Stromboli]]'' || &nbsp; || Karin
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1952 in film|1952]] || ''[[Europa '51]]'' || ''The Greatest Love'' || Irene Girard
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1953 in film|1953]] || ''[[Siamo donne]]'' || ''We, the Women'' || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1954 in film|1954]] || ''[[Giovanna d'Arco al rogo]]'' || ''Joan of Arc at the Stake'' || Giovanna d'Arco (Joan of Arc)
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1954 in film|1954]] || ''[[Viaggio in Italia]]'' || ''Journey to Italy'' || Katherine Joyce
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1954 in film|1954]] || ''[[La Paura]]'' || ''Fear'' || Irene Wagner
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[Anastasia (1956 film)|Anastasia]]'' || &nbsp; || Anna Koreff/Anastasia
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[Elena and Her Men|Elena et les hommes]]'' || ''Elena and Her Men'' || Elena Sokorowska
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1958 in film|1958]] || ''[[Indiscreet]]'' || &nbsp; || Anna Kalman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1958 in film|1958]] || ''[[The Inn of the Sixth Happiness]]'' || &nbsp; || Gladys Aylward
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
  
−
====1960s====
+
Despite suffering from [[cancer]] for eight years, Bergman continued her career, and won international honors for her final roles. Biographer Donald Spoto said she was "arguably the most international star in the history of entertainment". He noted that "Her spirit triumphed with remarkable grace and courage."<ref name=Spoto> Donald Spoto, ''Notorious: The Life of Ingrid Bergman'' (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997, ISBN 9780060187026).</ref> Director [[George Cukor]] once summed up her contributions to the film media when he said to her, "Do you know what I especially love about you, Ingrid, my dear? I can sum it up as your naturalness. The camera loves your beauty, your acting, and your individuality. A star must have individuality. It makes you a great star."<ref name=Chandler/>
−
<div style="font-size: 95%">
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
 
−
! Year !! Film !! English Title !! Role
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1961 in film|1961]] || ''[[Goodbye Again (1961 film)|Aimez-Vous Brahms?]]'' || ''Goodbye Again'' || Paula Tessier
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1961 in film|1961]] || ''[[Auguste (film)|Auguste]]'' || ''Kolka, My Friend'' || (Uncredited Cameo)
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1964 in film|1964]] || ''[[The Visit (1964 film)|The Visit]]'' || &nbsp; || Karla Zachanassian
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1964 in film|1964]] || ''[[The Yellow Rolls-Royce]]'' || &nbsp; || Gerda Millett
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1967 in film|1967]] || ''[[Fugitive in Vienna]]'' || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1967 in film|1967]] || ''[[Stimulantia]]'' || &nbsp; || Mathilde Hartman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1969 in film|1969]] || ''[[Cactus Flower]]'' || &nbsp; || Stephanie Dickinson
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
  
−
====1970s====
+
Film historian [[David Thomson (film critic)|David Thomson]], said she "always strove to be a 'true' woman," and whom many filmgoers identified with:
−
<div style="font-size: 95%">
+
<blockquote>There was a time in the early and mid-1940s when Bergman commanded a kind of love in America that has been hardly ever matched. In turn, it was the strength of that affection that animated the "scandal" when she behaved like an impetuous and ambitious actress instead of a saint.<ref>David Thomson, ''The New Biographical Dictionary of Film'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014, ISBN 978-0375711848).</ref></blockquote>
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
 
−
! Year !! Film !! English Title !! Role
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[Henri Langlois]]'' (documentary) || &nbsp; || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[Walk in the Spring Rain]]'' || &nbsp; || Libby Meredith
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler (1973 film)|From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler]]'' || &nbsp; || Mrs. Frankweiler
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1974 in film|1974]] || ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'' || &nbsp; || Greta Ohlsson
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1976 in film|1976]] || ''[[A Matter of Time (1976 film)|A Matter of Time]]'' || &nbsp; || Countess Sanziani
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''[[Autumn Sonata|Höstsonaten]]'' || ''Autumn Sonata'' || Charlotte Andergast
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
  
−
=== Radio credits ===
+
On August 30 1983, stars, friends and family came to [[Venice Film Festival]] to honor the late Bergman on the first anniversary of her death. Among the many guests were [[Gregory Peck]], [[Walter Matthau]], [[Audrey Hepburn]], [[Roger Moore]], [[Charlton Heston]], Prince Albert of Monaco, [[Claudette Colbert]], and [[Olivia de Havilland]]. The guests spent five days fondly recalling Bergman and the impact she had on a generation of actresses. The highlight was a concert held at La Fenice, Venice’s oldest theater, which featured an 80-piece orchestra playing selections from Bergman’s movies while a multi-image slide show flashed across a screen. <ref>[https://people.com/archive/the-stars-fell-on-venice-to-honor-ingrid-bergman-on-the-first-anniversary-of-her-death-vol-20-no-12/ The Stars Fell on Venice to Honor Ingrid Bergman on the First Anniversary of Her Death] ''People'', September 19, 1983. Retrieved July 2, 2022.</ref>
−
<div style="font-size: 95%">
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
 
−
! Year !! Title !! Show !! Role
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1940]] ||''Intermezzo'' || [[Lux Radio Theater]] || Anita Hoffman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1941]] ||''[[A Man's Castle]]'' || Lux Radio Theater || Trina
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1942]] || &nbsp; || [[Book-of-the-Month Club]] || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1942]] ||''The Silent Heart'' || [[Cavalcade of America]] || Jenny Lind
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1943]] ||''Casablanca'' || [[Screen Guild Theater]] || Ilsa Lund
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1944]] ||''[[Anna Karenina]]'' || Screen Guild Theater || Anna Karenina
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1944]] ||''[[Mayerling Incident|Mayerling]]'' || [[Star and the Story]] || Marie Vetsera
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1944]] ||''[[The Guardsman]]'' || [[Silver Theater]] || The Actor's Wife
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1944]] || ''Premiere Show'' || [[Rudy Vallee|Rudy Vallee Show]] || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1944]] || &nbsp; || [[Mail Call]] || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945]] ||''For Whom The Bell Tolls'' || Lux Radio Theater || Maria
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945]] || ''Strange Morning'' || [[Arch Oboler's Plays]] ||
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945]] || ''A Tribute to President Roosevelt'' || [None] || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945]] || &nbsp; || [[Command Performance]] || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945]] || ''Victory in Europe Special'' || [None] || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945]] ||''Intermezzo'' || Lux Radio Theater || Anita Hoffman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1945]] ||''Gaslight'' || [[Jack Benny|Jack Benny Show]] || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1946]] || ''Look Awards'' || [[Bob Hope|Bob Hope Show]] || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1946]] || ''Awards Ceremony'' || Command Performance || Herself
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1946]] ||''Gaslight'' || Lux Radio Theater || Paula Alquist Anton
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1946]] ||''Bells of St. Mary's'' || Screen Guild Theater || Sister Mary Benedict
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1947]] ||''Bells of St. Mary's'' || Screen Guild Theater || Sister Mary Benedict
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1947]] ||''[[Brief Encounter|Still Life]]'' || [[Theater Guild on the Air]] || Laura Jesson
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1948]] ||''Notorious'' || Lux Radio Theater || Alicia Huberman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1948]] ||''[[Jane Eyre]]'' || Lux Radio Theater || Jane Eyre
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1948]] ||''[[The Seventh Veil]]'' || Lux Radio Theater || Francesca Cunningham
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1948]] ||''Anna Karenina'' || [[Theater Guild on the Air]] || Anna Karenina
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1948]] ||''[[Camille (1936 film)|Camille]]'' || [[Ford Theater]] || Marguerite Gautier
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1949]] ||''[[Anna Christie]]'' || [[Ford Theater]] || Anna Christopherson
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1949]] ||''[[A Doll's House]]'' || &nbsp; || Nora Helmer
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1949]] ||''Notorious'' || Screen Guild Theater || Alicia Huberman
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1954]] ||''Salute to Ernest Hemingway'' || [None] || Herself
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
  
−
=== Television credits ===
+
[[Wesleyan University]], hosts the "Ingrid Bergman Collection" of Bergman's personal papers, scripts, awards, portraits, photos, scrapbooks, costumes, legal papers, financial records, stills, clippings and memorabilia.<ref>[https://www.wesleyan.edu/cinema/collections/bergman.html The Ingrid Bergman Collection] The Reid Cinema Archives, Wesleyan University. Retrieved July 2, 2022.</ref>
−
<div style="font-size: 95%">
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
 
−
! Year !! Production !! Role
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1959 in television|1959]] ||''[[Startime]]'': ''[[The Turn of the Screw]]'' || Governess
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1961 in television|1961]] ||''24 Hours in a Woman's Life'' || Clare Lester
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1963 in television|1963]] ||''[[Hedda Gabler]]'' || Hedda Gabler
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1967 in television|1967]] ||''[[ABC Stage 67]]'': ''[[The Human Voice]]'' || Unnamed (monologue)
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1979 in television|1979]] ||''[http://www.afi.com/tvevents/laa/laasite/bio.asp?lname=Hitchcock&fName=Alfred&id=4419 The American Film Institute Salute to Alfred Hitchcock]'' || Herself (hostess)
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[1982 in television|1982]] ||''[[A Woman Called Golda]]'' || Golda Meir
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
  
−
=== Theater credits ===
+
For her contributions to the motion picture industry, Ingrid Bergman has a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] at 6759 Hollywood Blvd. She continues to be a cultural icon&mdash;not only for her role in ''Casablanca'', but for her career as a whole and for her innocent, natural beauty.
−
<div style="font-size: 95%">
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
 
−
! Year !! Play !! Role !! Theatre !! Location
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1940 || ''Liliom'' || Julie || [http://cinematreasures.org/theater/12564/ Forty-Fourth Street Theater] || [[New York City]], [[New York]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1941 || ''[[Anna Christie]]'' || Anna Christopherson || [[Lobero Theatre]] || [[Santa Barbara, California]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1946 || ''[[Joan of Lorraine]]'' || Joan of Arc/Mary Grey || [[Neil Simon Theatre|Alvin Theater]] || [[New York City]], [[New York]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1953 || ''Joan of Arc at the Stake'' || Joan of Arc || [[Teatro di San Carlo|San Carlo Opera House]] || [[Naples]], [[Italy]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1956 || ''[[Tea and Sympathy]]'' || Laura Reynolds || Théâtre de Paris || [[Paris]], [[France]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1962 || ''[[Hedda Gabler]]'' || Hedda Gabler || Théâtre Montparnasse Geston Baty || [[Paris]], [[France]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1965 || ''A Month in the Country'' || Natalia Petrovna || [[Yvonne Arnaud Theatre]] || [[Guildford]], [[United Kingdom]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1967 || ''More Stately Mansions'' || Deborah Harford || [[Broadhurst Theatre]] || [[New York City]], [[New York]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1972 || ''[[Captain Brassbound's Conversion]]'' || Lady Cecily Waynflete || [[John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts|Opera House, Kennedy Center]] || [[Washington, D.C.]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1975 || ''[[The Constant Wife]]'' || Constance Middleton || [[Shubert Theatre (Broadway)|Schubert Theatre]] || [[New York City]], [[New York]]
 
−
|-
 
−
| 1979 || ''Waters of the Moon'' || Helen Lancaster || [[Haymarket Theatre]] || [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
 
−
|}
 
−
</div>
 
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
−
<!--<nowiki>
+
<references/>
−
This article uses the Cite.php format. Instructions for adding footnotes:
 
−
After adding an inline citation in the article, add the source inside of Reference tags.
 
−
 
 
−
Example: <ref>Author. “[http://URL.com Story name]”. Publication. Date. Date Retrieved.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
The reference will then add itself to the footnote section.
 
−
</nowiki>—>
 
−
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
*{{cite book | author=Bergman, Ingrid and Burgess, Alan | title=Ingrid Bergman: My Story | publisher=Delacorte Press | year=1980 | location=New York | id=ISBN 0-440032-99-7}}
 
  
−
*{{cite book | author=Leamer, Laurence | title=As Time Goes By: The Life of Ingrid Bergman | publisher=Harper & Row | year=1986 | location=New York | id=ISBN 0-060154-85-3}}
+
* Bergman, Ingrid and Alan Burgess. ''Ingrid Bergman: My Story''. New York: Delacorte Press, 1980. ISBN 9780440032991
 +
* Brown, Curtis F. ''Ingrid Bergman''. New York: Galahad Books, 1974. ISBN 9780883651643
 +
* Chandler, Charlotte. ''Ingrid: Ingrid Bergman, A Personal Biography''. Simon & Schuster, 2007. ISBN 978-0743294218
 +
* Leamer, Laurence. ''As Time Goes By: The Life of Ingrid Bergman''. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. ISBN 9780060154851
 +
* Spoto, Donald. ''Notorious: The Life of Ingrid Bergman''. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997. ISBN 9780060187026
 +
* Taylor, John Russell. ''Ingrid Bergman''. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. ISBN 9780312417963
 +
* Thomson, David. ''The New Biographical Dictionary of Film''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014. ISBN 978-0375711848
  
−
==See also==
+
==External links==
−
* [[Alfred Hitchcock]]
+
All links retrieved July 2, 2022.
−
* [[Gary Cooper]]
 
−
* [[Charles Boyer]]
 
−
* [[Cary Grant]]
 
−
* [[Victor Fleming]]
 
  
−
==External links==
+
* [http://www.ingridbergman.com/ The Official Ingrid Bergman Website]
−
{{commons|Ingrid Bergman}}
+
* [https://www.wesleyan.edu/cinema/collections/bergman.html Ingrid Bergman Collection] Wesleyan University
−
{{wikiquote}}
+
* [https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/packages/html/movies/bestpictures/casablanca-ar.html Ingrid Bergman: In, but Not of, Hollywood] ''The New York Times'', December 26, 1943.
−
* {{imdb name|id=6|name=Ingrid Bergman }}
+
* [https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/lkl/date/2003-12-04/segment/00 Ingrid Bergman's Three Daughters Remember Their Mother] ''Larry King Live'', December 4, 2003.
−
* {{tcmdb name|id=14558|name=Ingrid Bergman }}
+
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000006/ Ingrid Bergman (1915–1982)] ''IMDb''
−
* {{ibdb name|id=66876|name=Ingrid Bergman }}
 
−
* {{Find A Grave|id=1665|name=Ingrid Bergman}}
 
−
* {{nndb name | id = 836/000024764 | name = Ingrid Bergman}}
 
−
*[http://www.ingridbergman.org/ Ingrid Bergman website by her family]
 
−
*[http://www.ingridbergman.com/ Ingrid Bergman site run by CMG]
 
−
*[http://www.wesleyan.edu/cinema/collections/bergman.htm Ingrid Bergman Collection] at [[Wesleyan University]]
 
−
*[http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/movies/bestpictures/casablanca-ar.html 1943 New York Times Interview]
 
−
*[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0312/04/lkl.00.html Larry King transcript] with Ingrid Bergman's daughters on the 60th anniversary of ''Casablanca''
 
−
*[http://www.salon.com/july97/mothers/rossellini970704.html Excerpt from Isabella Rossellini's ''Some of Me'' that describes Ingrid Bergman's passion for cleaning]
 
−
*[http://www.tcm.com/2006/summer/confidential.jsp?id=29 TCM Confidential: Ingrid Bergman]
 
−
*[http://www.mattcawley.com/ingrid/ The Complete Ingrid Bergman Page - A Fansite]
 
  
  
−
{{start box}}{{s-awards}}
+
{{Triple Crown of Acting winners}}
−
{{succession box
 
−
| title=[[Academy Award for Best Actress]]
 
−
| before=[[Jennifer Jones]]<br>for ''[[The Song of Bernadette]]''
 
−
| years=1944<br>'''for ''[[Gaslight (1944 film)|Gaslight]]'' '''
 
−
| after=[[Joan Crawford]]<br>for ''[[Mildred Pierce]]''}}
 
−
{{succession box
 
−
| title=Academy Award for Best Actress
 
−
| before=[[Anna Magnani]]<br>for ''[[The Rose Tattoo]]''
 
−
| years=1956<br>'''for ''[[Anastasia (1956 film)|Anastasia]]'' '''
 
−
| after=[[Joanne Woodward]]<br>for ''[[The Three Faces of Eve]]''}}
 
−
{{succession box
 
−
| title=[[Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]]
 
−
| years=1974<br>'''for ''[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]'' '''
 
−
| before=[[Tatum O'Neal]]<br>for ''[[Paper Moon (film)|Paper Moon]]''
 
−
| after=[[Lee Grant]]<br>for ''[[Shampoo (film)|Shampoo]]''
 
−
}}
 
−
{{succession box
 
−
| title=[[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play]]
 
−
| before=None
 
−
| years=1947<br>'''for ''[[Joan of Lorraine]]'' <br>(tied with [[Helen Hayes]] for [[Happy Birthday]])'''
 
−
| after=[[Judith Anderson]] for ''[[Medea]]'',<br>[[Katharine Cornell]] for ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'',<br> and [[Jessica Tandy]]<br> for ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire (play)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]'' (tie)
 
−
}}
 
−
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Latest revision as of 20:21, 19 November 2022

Ingrid Bergman
Gaslight 1944 trailer(3).jpg
Ingrid Bergman in Gaslight,
her first of three Academy Award-winning roles.
Birth name: Ingrid Bergman
Date of birth: August 29 1915
Birth location: Stockholm, Sweden
Date of death: August 29 1982
Death location: London, England
Academy Awards: Best Actress
1944 Gaslight
1956 Anastasia
Best Supporting Actress
1974 Murder on the Orient Express
Spouse: Dr. Aron Petter Lindström (1937-1950)
Roberto Rossellini (1950-1957)
Lars Schmidt (1958-1975)

Ingrid Bergman (August 29 1915 – August 29 1982) was a three-time Academy Award-winning Swedish actress. In addition, she won two Emmy Awards and one Tony Award. She was ranked as the fourth greatest female star of all time by the American Film Institute. She is considered by many to be one of the foremost actresses of the twentieth century. When the public discovered that she had given birth to a child before her 1950 marriage to Roberto Rossellini while still married to Petter Lindström, many people expressed outrage, since in their view this was immoral and clashed with her on-screen image, which has been described as “saintly.”[1] One U.S. Senator even went so far as to denounce her as a “powerful influence for evil.”[2]

At the time, Bergman's marriage was unhappy. Few people at the time who were not of a similar celebrity status knew how much personal pressure a star such as Bergman experienced. This does not excuse immorality but it does raise important issues: the viewing public demand more and more entertainment from their stars, raising them to such iconic status that few are able to live up to the high expectations placed on them not only to perform but also to live virtuously. The fact that stars live their lives in the full glare of publicity means that their failings become public property, while the lives of those who criticize and denounce remain opaque.

In addition to the significant legacy represented by her films, especially Casablanca, Bergman's biography invites discussion of such issues as the pressures under which stars live, how much of their personal lives should properly be exposed and whether we ought to expect them to act any better than we do ourselves. Is it reasonable to expect athletes and film stars to exemplify moral standards, or are such expectations more fairly demanded of those who actually claim to be moral, who present themselves as models to be imitated?

Life

Ingrid Bergman with her father Justus in 1921

Ingrid Bergman was born on August 29, 1915, in Stockholm, Sweden to a Swedish father, Justus Samuel Bergman (May 2, 1871 – July 29, 1929), and his German wife, Frieda "Friedel" Henriette Auguste Louise (née Adler) Bergman (September 12, 1884 – January 19, 1918), who was born in Kiel. Although she was raised in Sweden, she spent her summers in Germany and spoke fluent German.

When Ingrid was three years old, her mother died. Her father passed away when she was thirteen. She was then sent off to live with an aunt, who died of heart complications only six months later. Ultimately she was raised by another aunt and uncle, who had five children.

At 17 years old, Ingrid Bergman auditioned for and was accepted to the Royal Dramatic Theater in Stockholm. During her first summer break, she was hired at a Swedish film studio, which consequently led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theater to work in films full time, after having attended for only one year. Her first film role after leaving the Royal Dramatic Theater was a small part in 1935's Munkbrogreven.

On July 10, 1937, when she was 21 years old, she married a dentist, Petter Lindström. On September 20, 1938, she gave birth to a daughter, Pia Lindström. The marriage ended in divorce.

In 1949, Bergman met Italian director Roberto Rossellini in order to make the film Stromboli (1950), after having been a fan of two of his previous films that she had seen while in the United States. The couple married on May 24, 1950, and had one son, Roberto Ingmar Rossellini and twin daughters, Isabella Rossellini, who became an actress and model, and Isotta Ingrid Rossellini. A scandal erupted when it was discovered that she had given birth to Rossellini's child while still married to Petter Lindström.

Over the next few years, she appeared in several Italian films for Rossellini, including Giovanna d'Arco al rogo (1954), a dramatic oratorio by Arthur Honegger about Joan of Arc. The Rossellini-Bergman marriage ended in divorce on November 7, 1957.

Bergman married producer Lars Schmidt, also from Sweden, on December 21, 1958. This marriage ultimately led to divorce in 1975.

In 1980, Bergman's autobiography was published under the title Ingrid Bergman: My Story.[3] In the book, Bergman tells about her childhood, her early career, her life during her time in Hollywood, her marriages, and subsequent events. The book was written after her children warned that she would only be known through rumors and interviews if she did not tell her own story.

Bergman died in 1982 on her 67th birthday in London, England, following a long battle with breast cancer. Her body was cremated in Sweden. Most of her ashes were scattered in the sea with the remainder being interred in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm next to her parents.

Career

Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman in Notorious
Ingrid Bergman in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

After a dozen films in Sweden, Bergman was signed by Hollywood producer David O. Selznick to star in the 1939 English language remake of her 1936 Swedish language film, Intermezzo. It was an enormous success and Bergman became a star, described as "Sweden's illustrious gift to Hollywood."[4] Some things that set her apart from other female stars in Hollywood at that time were that she did not change her name, her appearance was entirely natural with little to no makeup, and that she was one of the tallest leading ladies.

After completing one last film in Sweden and appearing in three moderately successful films in the United States, Bergman joined Humphrey Bogart in the 1942 classic film Casablanca, which remains her most recognizable role.

That same year, she received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), which was also her first color film. The following year she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for Gaslight (1944). She received a third consecutive nomination for Best Actress with her performance as a nun in The Bells of St. Mary's (1945). Later, she would receive another Best Actress nomination for her portrayal of Joan of Arc in the movie by the same name (1948). It was an independent film produced by Walter Wanger and initially released through RKO, which Bergman had championed since her arrival in Hollywood and which she had previously acted in as a stage play. The film was not a big hit, and received disastrous reviews. It was subsequently shortened of 45 minutes, and it was not until its restoration to full length in 1998 and its 2004 appearance on DVD that later audiences could see it as it was intended to be shown.

She also starred in the Alfred Hitchcock films Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946), and Under Capricorn (1949).

Ingrid Bergman went to Alaska during World War II in order to entertain troops. Soon after the war ended, she also went to Europe for the same purpose, where she was able to see the devastation caused by the war.

Ingrid Bergman in 1944

With her starring role in 1956's Anastasia, Bergman won the Academy Award for Best Actress for a second time. This award was accepted for her by her friend Cary Grant.

Bergman alternated between performances in American and European films for the rest of her career and also made occasional appearances in television dramas such as a 1959 production of The Turn of the Screw for Startime for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by an actress. She also performed in several stage plays during this time.

Bergman received her third Academy Award for her performance in Murder on the Orient Express (1974), but she publicly declared at the Academy Awards telecast that year that the award rightfully belonged to Italian actress Valentina Cortese for Day for Night by concluding her acceptance speech with "Please forgive me, Valentina. I didn't mean to."

In 1978, she played in Ingmar Bergman's Höstsonaten (Autumn Sonata) for which she received her seventh Academy Award nomination and made her final performance on the big screen. In the film, Bergman plays a celebrity pianist who returns to Sweden to visit her neglected daughter, played by Liv Ullman. The film was shot in Norway. It is considered by many to be among Ingrid's best performances.

Legacy

The news of Bergman's death was widely reported by mainstream media across the United States and Europe.[5] The Washington Post paid its tribute in an article that called her "an actress whose innocent yet provocative beauty made her one of the great stars of stage and screen."[6]

Bergman's death was mourned by many, especially her fellow co-stars. They praised her tenacity, spirit, and warmth. Paul Henreid commented, "She was so terribly beautiful in her youth. She was a very strong lady with great desires and emotions and she led a colorful life." Liv Ullmann said, "She made me very proud to be a woman." Leonard Nimoy, who starred with her in the 1981 television movie Golda, her final acting role, praised her tenacity and courage: "I developed enormous respect for her as a person and talent. She was a marvelous lady and actress."[7]

Despite suffering from cancer for eight years, Bergman continued her career, and won international honors for her final roles. Biographer Donald Spoto said she was "arguably the most international star in the history of entertainment". He noted that "Her spirit triumphed with remarkable grace and courage."[8] Director George Cukor once summed up her contributions to the film media when he said to her, "Do you know what I especially love about you, Ingrid, my dear? I can sum it up as your naturalness. The camera loves your beauty, your acting, and your individuality. A star must have individuality. It makes you a great star."[1]

Film historian David Thomson, said she "always strove to be a 'true' woman," and whom many filmgoers identified with:

There was a time in the early and mid-1940s when Bergman commanded a kind of love in America that has been hardly ever matched. In turn, it was the strength of that affection that animated the "scandal" when she behaved like an impetuous and ambitious actress instead of a saint.[9]

On August 30 1983, stars, friends and family came to Venice Film Festival to honor the late Bergman on the first anniversary of her death. Among the many guests were Gregory Peck, Walter Matthau, Audrey Hepburn, Roger Moore, Charlton Heston, Prince Albert of Monaco, Claudette Colbert, and Olivia de Havilland. The guests spent five days fondly recalling Bergman and the impact she had on a generation of actresses. The highlight was a concert held at La Fenice, Venice’s oldest theater, which featured an 80-piece orchestra playing selections from Bergman’s movies while a multi-image slide show flashed across a screen. [10]

Wesleyan University, hosts the "Ingrid Bergman Collection" of Bergman's personal papers, scripts, awards, portraits, photos, scrapbooks, costumes, legal papers, financial records, stills, clippings and memorabilia.[11]

For her contributions to the motion picture industry, Ingrid Bergman has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6759 Hollywood Blvd. She continues to be a cultural icon—not only for her role in Casablanca, but for her career as a whole and for her innocent, natural beauty.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Charlotte Chandler, Ingrid: Ingrid Bergman, A Personal Biography (Simon & Schuster, 2007, ISBN 978-0743294218).
  2. ↑ Julien Pretot, Ingrid Bergman had made peace with America, says daughter Rossellini Reuters, May 17, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  3. ↑ Ingrid Bergman and Alan Burgess, Ingrid Bergman: My Story (New York: Delacorte Press, 1980, ISBN 9780440032991).
  4. ↑ Ingrid Bergman Biography IMDb. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  5. ↑ Patt Morrison, From the Archives: 3-Time Oscar Winner Ingrid Bergman Dies Los Angeles Times, August 31, 1982. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  6. ↑ J.Y. Smith, Actress Ingrid Bergman, Academy Award Winner, Dies The Washington Post, August 31, 1982. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  7. ↑ Vernon Scott,Actress remembered as strong in cancer fight United Press International, August 30, 1982. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  8. ↑ Donald Spoto, Notorious: The Life of Ingrid Bergman (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997, ISBN 9780060187026).
  9. ↑ David Thomson, The New Biographical Dictionary of Film (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014, ISBN 978-0375711848).
  10. ↑ The Stars Fell on Venice to Honor Ingrid Bergman on the First Anniversary of Her Death People, September 19, 1983. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
  11. ↑ The Ingrid Bergman Collection The Reid Cinema Archives, Wesleyan University. Retrieved July 2, 2022.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  • Bergman, Ingrid and Alan Burgess. Ingrid Bergman: My Story. New York: Delacorte Press, 1980. ISBN 9780440032991
  • Brown, Curtis F. Ingrid Bergman. New York: Galahad Books, 1974. ISBN 9780883651643
  • Chandler, Charlotte. Ingrid: Ingrid Bergman, A Personal Biography. Simon & Schuster, 2007. ISBN 978-0743294218
  • Leamer, Laurence. As Time Goes By: The Life of Ingrid Bergman. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. ISBN 9780060154851
  • Spoto, Donald. Notorious: The Life of Ingrid Bergman. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997. ISBN 9780060187026
  • Taylor, John Russell. Ingrid Bergman. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. ISBN 9780312417963
  • Thomson, David. The New Biographical Dictionary of Film. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014. ISBN 978-0375711848

External links

All links retrieved July 2, 2022.


Triple Crown of Acting winners

Jack Albertson · Anne Bancroft · Ingrid Bergman · Shirley Booth · Ellen Burstyn · Viola Davis · Melvyn Douglas · Helen Hayes · Jeremy Irons · Glenda Jackson · Jessica Lange · Frances McDormand · Helen Mirren · Thomas Mitchell · Rita Moreno · Al Pacino · Christopher Plummer · Vanessa Redgrave · Jason Robards · Geoffrey Rush · Paul Scofield · Maggie Smith · Maureen Stapleton · Jessica Tandy

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