Encyclopedia, Difference between revisions of "Rudolf Dreikurs" - New World
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| − | '''Rudolf Dreikurs''' ([[February 8]] [[1897]], [[Vienna]] - [[May 25]] [[1972]], [[Chicago]]) was an American [[psychiatrist]] and [[educator]] who developed [[psychologist]] [[Alfred Adler]]'s system of [[individual psychology]] into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of | + | '''Rudolf Dreikurs''' ([[February 8]] [[1897]], [[Vienna]] - [[May 25]] [[1972]], [[Chicago]]) was an American [[psychiatrist]] and [[educator]] who developed [[psychologist]] [[Alfred Adler]]'s system of [[individual psychology]] into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of misbehavior in children and for stimulating cooperative behavior without punishment or reward. |
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
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==Work== | ==Work== | ||
| − | Rudolf Dreikurs was one of Alfred Adler's | + | Rudolf Dreikurs was one of Alfred Adler's close colleague and student Upon Adler's death in 1939, Dreikur completed Adler's lecture tour in Scotland. Dreikurs then began his own mission to promote Adler's Individual Psychology through lectures in prisons, schools, and health care settings. Dreikurs believed that "all behavior has a purpose." Dreikurs simplified and applied many of Adler's ideas for use by parents and educators. In 1964, along with a nurse named Vicki Soltz, he wrote ''Children: The Challenge'', and in 1968, he and Loren Grey wrote ''A Parent's Guide to Child Discipline''. Dreikurs continued the work that Adler had started and saw the need for systematic oranization and techniques of applictions in order to teach others how to use Adlerian principles effectively in counseling, psychotherapy, parent education and in the classroom. He constructed what is often considered the most effective tool in helping to understand our children's behaviour: the Four Goals of Misbehavior and the techniques of effectively revealing these to a misbehaving child. The development of the system of natural and logical consequences and the application of these techniques may well be Dreikurs' finest contribution. |
He suggested that human misbehavior is the result of not having one of four basic human needs met: power, attention, revenge and avoidance of failure. | He suggested that human misbehavior is the result of not having one of four basic human needs met: power, attention, revenge and avoidance of failure. | ||
| + | Dreikurs' main theory dealt with misbehavior of pre-adolescents. He reasoned that these students will “act out” based on four, principled, "mistaken goals." The first reason for their misbehavior is that they desire attention. If they do not receive the attention they crave through their actions (good or bad, e.g doing well on a paper or throwing a tantrum), they move onto seeking power (e.g. they may refuse to complete a paper). If their power struggle is thwarted, they try to get revenge. If even revenge does not get the desired response, they begin to feel inadequate. His books list many ways to combat these behaviors. His overall goal was that students would learn to cooperate reasonably without being penalized or rewarded because they would feel that they are valuable contributors to the classroom. | ||
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| + | Adler and Dreikurs firmly believed that encouragement was essential to improvement of behavior and human relationships. Their basic assumption was that man's behavior is not predetermined by genetics, nor merely the result of outside forces beyond his control. Behavior is a result of a search for significance within a social setting. This approach contains the principles of discipline congruent with the democratic society. Therefore, to understand children,they must be observed in a social setting in relationship to others to discover the reasons for their behavior. Adlerian Parent Education aims to give children the skills to meet life challenges in a constructive positive way and the courage to circumvent the many pitfalls and dangers that confront children in our society of today. It supports parents by providing them with tools to ease and handle the stress of being a parent, and to raise children with courage and compassion. | ||
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===Publications=== | ===Publications=== | ||
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In 1952, Dreikurs founded the Alfred Adler Institute, now called the Adler School of Professional Psychology, in Chicago. As part of the Institute's mission, Dreikurs and his colleagues, including Bernard Shulman, M.D., Harold Mosak, Ph.D., and Robert Powers, traveled the United States and Canada and established Adlerian training that continues today. Dreikurs' wife, Sadie "Tee" Dreikurs, combined her passions for art and Adlerian psychology and created one of the first art therapy training programs in the country. Ms. Dreikurs' student, Judy Sutherland, Ph.D., now directs the Adler School's Master of Arts program in art therapy, which is one of the School's most successful programs today. | In 1952, Dreikurs founded the Alfred Adler Institute, now called the Adler School of Professional Psychology, in Chicago. As part of the Institute's mission, Dreikurs and his colleagues, including Bernard Shulman, M.D., Harold Mosak, Ph.D., and Robert Powers, traveled the United States and Canada and established Adlerian training that continues today. Dreikurs' wife, Sadie "Tee" Dreikurs, combined her passions for art and Adlerian psychology and created one of the first art therapy training programs in the country. Ms. Dreikurs' student, Judy Sutherland, Ph.D., now directs the Adler School's Master of Arts program in art therapy, which is one of the School's most successful programs today. | ||
| − | The Adler School continues to apply Adler's principles and concepts to attempt to solve today's social problems. The School's curricula prepare professionals to alleviate social and global concerns as well as to address the needs of marginalized and underserved populations. The Dreikurs Center offers training to students as well as provides services to the community through its Chicago Loop clinic, through prisons, schools, and other settings. | + | The Adler School continues to apply Adler's principles and concepts to attempt to solve today's social problems. The School's curricula prepare professionals to alleviate social and global concerns as well as to address the needs of marginalized and underserved populations. The Dreikurs Center offers training to students as well as provides services to the community through its Chicago Loop clinic, through prisons, schools, and other settings. He also established the first Adlerian Child Guidance Centre in the United States and trained counselors from many countries. Today, there are Adlerian-Dreikursian Family Centres in many parts of the world. |
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Revision as of 19:35, 16 August 2006
Rudolf Dreikurs (February 8 1897, Vienna - May 25 1972, Chicago) was an American psychiatrist and educator who developed psychologist Alfred Adler's system of individual psychology into a pragmatic method for understanding the purposes of misbehavior in children and for stimulating cooperative behavior without punishment or reward.
Life
Work
Rudolf Dreikurs was one of Alfred Adler's close colleague and student Upon Adler's death in 1939, Dreikur completed Adler's lecture tour in Scotland. Dreikurs then began his own mission to promote Adler's Individual Psychology through lectures in prisons, schools, and health care settings. Dreikurs believed that "all behavior has a purpose." Dreikurs simplified and applied many of Adler's ideas for use by parents and educators. In 1964, along with a nurse named Vicki Soltz, he wrote Children: The Challenge, and in 1968, he and Loren Grey wrote A Parent's Guide to Child Discipline. Dreikurs continued the work that Adler had started and saw the need for systematic oranization and techniques of applictions in order to teach others how to use Adlerian principles effectively in counseling, psychotherapy, parent education and in the classroom. He constructed what is often considered the most effective tool in helping to understand our children's behaviour: the Four Goals of Misbehavior and the techniques of effectively revealing these to a misbehaving child. The development of the system of natural and logical consequences and the application of these techniques may well be Dreikurs' finest contribution.
He suggested that human misbehavior is the result of not having one of four basic human needs met: power, attention, revenge and avoidance of failure. Dreikurs' main theory dealt with misbehavior of pre-adolescents. He reasoned that these students will “act out” based on four, principled, "mistaken goals." The first reason for their misbehavior is that they desire attention. If they do not receive the attention they crave through their actions (good or bad, e.g doing well on a paper or throwing a tantrum), they move onto seeking power (e.g. they may refuse to complete a paper). If their power struggle is thwarted, they try to get revenge. If even revenge does not get the desired response, they begin to feel inadequate. His books list many ways to combat these behaviors. His overall goal was that students would learn to cooperate reasonably without being penalized or rewarded because they would feel that they are valuable contributors to the classroom.
Adler and Dreikurs firmly believed that encouragement was essential to improvement of behavior and human relationships. Their basic assumption was that man's behavior is not predetermined by genetics, nor merely the result of outside forces beyond his control. Behavior is a result of a search for significance within a social setting. This approach contains the principles of discipline congruent with the democratic society. Therefore, to understand children,they must be observed in a social setting in relationship to others to discover the reasons for their behavior. Adlerian Parent Education aims to give children the skills to meet life challenges in a constructive positive way and the courage to circumvent the many pitfalls and dangers that confront children in our society of today. It supports parents by providing them with tools to ease and handle the stress of being a parent, and to raise children with courage and compassion.
Publications
- Dreikurs, Rudolf. (1958). THE CHALLENGE OF PARENTHOOD. New York, Duell, Sloan and Peirce. ISBN 0801511836.
- Dreikurs, Rudolf. (June 1968). PSYCHOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM. Publisher: Harpercollins College Div; 2nd edition. ISBN 0060417560.
- Dreikurs, Rudolf and Grey, Loren. (1968) LOGICAL CONSEQUENCES: A NEW APPROACH TO DISCIPLINE. Publisher: Meredith Press, 1st edition. ASIN B0006BW1PU.
- Dreikurs, Rudolf and Soltz, Vicki. (December 26, 1991). CHILDREN THE CHALLENGE. Plume; Reissue edition. ISBN 0452266556.
- Dreikurs, Rudolf, Grunwald, Bernice,, and Pepper, Floy. (February 1, 1998). MAINTAINING SANITY IN THE CLASSROOM: ILLUSTRATED TEACHING TECHNIQUES.. Publisher: Routledge; 2nd edition. ISBN 1560327278.
- Dreikurs, Rudolf. (November 1, 1998). The Challenge of Marriage. Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group, 3rd revised edition. ISBN 156032662X.
- Dreikurs, Rudolf. (July 28, 2000) Encouraging Children to Learn. Publisher: Behavioral, 1st edition. ISBN 1583910824.
Legacy
In 1952, Dreikurs founded the Alfred Adler Institute, now called the Adler School of Professional Psychology, in Chicago. As part of the Institute's mission, Dreikurs and his colleagues, including Bernard Shulman, M.D., Harold Mosak, Ph.D., and Robert Powers, traveled the United States and Canada and established Adlerian training that continues today. Dreikurs' wife, Sadie "Tee" Dreikurs, combined her passions for art and Adlerian psychology and created one of the first art therapy training programs in the country. Ms. Dreikurs' student, Judy Sutherland, Ph.D., now directs the Adler School's Master of Arts program in art therapy, which is one of the School's most successful programs today.
The Adler School continues to apply Adler's principles and concepts to attempt to solve today's social problems. The School's curricula prepare professionals to alleviate social and global concerns as well as to address the needs of marginalized and underserved populations. The Dreikurs Center offers training to students as well as provides services to the community through its Chicago Loop clinic, through prisons, schools, and other settings. He also established the first Adlerian Child Guidance Centre in the United States and trained counselors from many countries. Today, there are Adlerian-Dreikursian Family Centres in many parts of the world.
External links
Credits
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