Difference between revisions of "Catherine of Siena" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | '''Saint Catherine of Siena''' (March 25, 1347 - April 29, 1380) was a [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] Tertiary (lay affiliate) of the Dominican Order. | + | '''Saint Catherine of Siena''' (March 25, 1347 - April 29, 1380) was a [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] Tertiary (lay affiliate) of the Dominican Order. She experienced a 'Mystical Marriage' with Jesus around 1366 after which she began to attend the poor. She had visions which caused her to leave a secluded life and serve in the world. She wrote many letters to popes and men and women of influence for peace between the republics, for reforms of the clergy and the papal states, and for the return of the pope to Rome from Avignon. Pope Urban VI summoned her to Rome where she lived until her death in 1380. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Biography== | ||
| + | Catherine was the 23rd child out of 25 (her twin sister, the 24th, died at birth); her parents were Giacomo di Benincasa, a cloth-dyer, and his wife, Lapa Piagenti, daughter of a local poet. | ||
A native of [[Siena]], Catherine received no formal education. At the age of seven she consecrated her virginity to Christ despite her family's opposition; in her eighteenth year she took the habit of the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] Tertiaries. As a [[Tertiaries|tertiary]], Catherine lived at home rather than in a convent, and she practiced acts of [[mortification]] there which a [[prioress]] would probably not have permitted. She is especially famous for [[fasting]] by living for long periods of time on nothing but the [[Blessed Sacrament]]. | A native of [[Siena]], Catherine received no formal education. At the age of seven she consecrated her virginity to Christ despite her family's opposition; in her eighteenth year she took the habit of the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] Tertiaries. As a [[Tertiaries|tertiary]], Catherine lived at home rather than in a convent, and she practiced acts of [[mortification]] there which a [[prioress]] would probably not have permitted. She is especially famous for [[fasting]] by living for long periods of time on nothing but the [[Blessed Sacrament]]. | ||
| − | In about 1366, Catherine experienced what she described in her letters as a 'Mystical Marriage' with [[Jesus]], after which she began to tend the sick and serve the poor. In 1370 she received a series of visions of [[Hell]], [[Purgatory]], and [[Heaven]], after which she heard a command to leave her withdrawn life and enter the public life of the world. | + | ==Mystical visions== |
| + | In about 1366, Catherine experienced what she described in her letters as a 'Mystical Marriage' with [[Jesus]], after which she began to tend the sick and serve the poor. In 1370 she received a series of visions of [[Hell]], [[Purgatory]], and [[Heaven]], after which she heard a command to leave her withdrawn life and enter the public life of the world. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{cquote|'''Prayer to the Precious Blood of Jesus''' | ||
| + | Precious Blood, | ||
| + | Ocean of Divine Mercy: | ||
| + | Flow upon us! | ||
| + | |||
| + | Precious Blood, | ||
| + | Most pure Offering: | ||
| + | Procure us every Grace! | ||
| − | In June of 1376 Catherine went to Avignon herself as ambassador of [[Florence, Italy|Florence]] to make peace | + | Precious Blood, |
| + | Hope and Refuge of sinners: | ||
| + | Atone for us! | ||
| + | |||
| + | Precious Blood, | ||
| + | Delight of holy souls: | ||
| + | Draw us! Amen.|20px|}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Service and political peace efforts== | ||
| + | She began to write letters to men and women in authority, especially begging for [[peace]] between the republics and principalities of Italy and for the return of the [[papacy]] from [[Avignon]] to [[Rome]]. She carried on a long correspondence with [[Pope Gregory XI]], also asking him to reform the [[clergy]] and the administration of the [[Papal States]]. In her letters to the Pope, she often referred to him affectionately as "Papa" or "Daddy" ("Babbo" in Italian). | ||
| + | |||
| + | In June of 1376 Catherine went to Avignon herself as ambassador of [[Florence, Italy|Florence]] to make peace between the Papal States, but was unsuccessful. She impressed the [[Pope]] so much, however, that he returned his administration to Rome in January of 1377. During the [[Western Schism]] of 1378 she was an adherent of [[Pope Urban VI]], who summoned her to Rome where she lived until her death in 1380. | ||
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
| − | Catherine's letters are considered one of the great works of early Tuscan literature. More than 300 letters have survived | + | [[Image:Statue of Catherine of siena (benincasa).jpg|thumb|left|175px|Statue of Catherine of Siena, just outside Siena, Italy.]] |
| + | Catherine's letters are considered one of the great works of early Tuscan literature. More than 300 letters have survived. Her major work is the ''Dialogue of Divine Providence''. | ||
[[Pope Pius II]] [[canonization|canonized]] Catherine in 1461. Her feast day is April 29 in the new Roman calendar and April 30 in the traditional Roman calendar. [[Pope Paul VI]] bestowed on her in 1970 the title of [[Doctor of the Church]] - making her the first woman, along with Saint [[Teresa of Ávila]], ever to receive this honor. In 1999 [[Pope John Paul II]] made her one of Europe's patron saints. [[Saint]] Catherine is also the patroness of the historically Catholic American sorority, [[Theta Phi Alpha]]. | [[Pope Pius II]] [[canonization|canonized]] Catherine in 1461. Her feast day is April 29 in the new Roman calendar and April 30 in the traditional Roman calendar. [[Pope Paul VI]] bestowed on her in 1970 the title of [[Doctor of the Church]] - making her the first woman, along with Saint [[Teresa of Ávila]], ever to receive this honor. In 1999 [[Pope John Paul II]] made her one of Europe's patron saints. [[Saint]] Catherine is also the patroness of the historically Catholic American sorority, [[Theta Phi Alpha]]. | ||
| − | |||
Catherine's body is currently interred in Rome, in the basilica [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]] near the [[Pantheon]]. Her head and right thumb are in Siena, and her foot in Venice. | Catherine's body is currently interred in Rome, in the basilica [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]] near the [[Pantheon]]. Her head and right thumb are in Siena, and her foot in Venice. | ||
St.Catherine is the patron saint of fire prevention and of Italy. | St.Catherine is the patron saint of fire prevention and of Italy. | ||
| Line 56: | Line 80: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
* Cavallini, Giuliana. ''Catherine of Siena. Outstanding Christian thinkers''. London: Geoffrey Chapman 1998. ISBN 9780225667677 | * Cavallini, Giuliana. ''Catherine of Siena. Outstanding Christian thinkers''. London: Geoffrey Chapman 1998. ISBN 9780225667677 | ||
| − | * Catherine, and Suzanne Noffke. ''The | + | * Catherine, and Suzanne Noffke. ''The Letters of St. Catherine of Siena'', Binghamton, N.Y.: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton 1988. ISBN 9780866980364 |
| − | * Luongo, F. Thomas. ''The | + | * Curtayne, Alice. ''Saint Catherine of Siena'', Rockford Il.: Tan Books and Publ., 1929/1980. ASIN B0006XVUPK |
| + | * Jorgensen, Johannes, Ingeborg Lund, trans. ''Saint Catherine of Siena'', London: Longmans, Green, 1939. ASIN B0006AO9F6 | ||
| + | * Luongo, F. Thomas. ''The Saintly Politics of Catherine of Siena'', Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press 2006. ISBN 9780801443954 | ||
| + | * Nofke, Suzanne, O.P., trans. and Giuliana Cavallini. ''Catherine of Siena: The Dialogue'', N.Y.: Paulist Press, 1980. ISBN 978-0809122332 | ||
| + | * Raymond of Capua, George Lamb, trans. ''The Life of St. Catherine of Siena'', Chicago, Il.: P. J. Kenedy & Sons, 2003. ISBN 978-0895557612 | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | * {{gutenberg author| id=Catherine+of+Siena+Saint | name=Catherine of Siena}} | + | Retrieved July 7, 2007. |
| − | *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03447a.htm "St. Catherine of Siena"] | + | * {{gutenberg author| id=Catherine+of+Siena+Saint | name=Catherine of Siena}} ''www.gutenberg.org'' |
| − | *[http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CATSIENA.HTM Saint Catherine of Siena, Virgin] | + | *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03447a.htm "St. Catherine of Siena"] ''www.newadvent.org'' |
| − | *[http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8ltcb10.txt Letters of Catherine from Gutenberg] | + | *[http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/CATSIENA.HTM Saint Catherine of Siena, Virgin] ''www.ewtn.com'' |
| − | *[http://www.scsparish.4lpi.com St. Catherine of Siena Parish] in Springfield, Massachusetts | + | *[http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8ltcb10.txt Letters of Catherine from Gutenberg] ''www.gutenberg.org'' |
| − | *[http://st-catherines.net St. Catherine of Siena Catholic Church] in Great Falls, Virginia | + | *[http://www.scsparish.4lpi.com St. Catherine of Siena Parish] in Springfield, Massachusetts. ''www.scsparish.4lpi.com'' |
| − | *[http://www.catherineofsiena.org/scs/ St. Catherine of Siena Church] in Reseda, California | + | *[http://st-catherines.net St. Catherine of Siena Catholic Church] in Great Falls, Virginia. ''st-catherines.net'' |
| − | *[http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT59.HTM Saint Catherine of Siena] | + | *[http://www.catherineofsiena.org/scs/ St. Catherine of Siena Church] in Reseda, California. ''www.catherineofsiena.org'' |
| − | *[http://www.drawnbylove.com Drawn by Love. The Mysticism of Catherine of Siena] | + | *[http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT59.HTM Saint Catherine of Siena] ''www.intratext.com'' |
| + | *[http://www.drawnbylove.com Drawn by Love. The Mysticism of Catherine of Siena] ''www.drawnbylove.com'' | ||
| − | |||
[[Category:Biography]] | [[Category:Biography]] | ||
Revision as of 16:59, 22 December 2007
| Catherine of Siena | |
|---|---|
 St. Catherine of Siena. Detail of a work by Domenico Beccafumi, c. 1515 | |
| Virgin and Doctor of Church | |
| Born | 1347-03-25 in Siena, Italy |
| Died | 1380-04-29 in Rome, Italy |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America |
| Canonized | 1461
by Pope Pius II |
| Feast | April 29 |
| Attributes | Dominican habit, lily, book, crucifix, heart, crown of thorns, stigmata, ring, dove |
| Patronage | against fire, bodily ills, diocese of Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA, Europe, firefighters, illness, Italy, miscarriages, nurses, people ridiculed for their piety, sexual temptation, sick people, sickness, Siena Italy, television |
Saint Catherine of Siena (March 25, 1347 - April 29, 1380) was a Dominican Tertiary (lay affiliate) of the Dominican Order. She experienced a 'Mystical Marriage' with Jesus around 1366 after which she began to attend the poor. She had visions which caused her to leave a secluded life and serve in the world. She wrote many letters to popes and men and women of influence for peace between the republics, for reforms of the clergy and the papal states, and for the return of the pope to Rome from Avignon. Pope Urban VI summoned her to Rome where she lived until her death in 1380.
Biography
Catherine was the 23rd child out of 25 (her twin sister, the 24th, died at birth); her parents were Giacomo di Benincasa, a cloth-dyer, and his wife, Lapa Piagenti, daughter of a local poet.
A native of Siena, Catherine received no formal education. At the age of seven she consecrated her virginity to Christ despite her family's opposition; in her eighteenth year she took the habit of the Dominican Tertiaries. As a tertiary, Catherine lived at home rather than in a convent, and she practiced acts of mortification there which a prioress would probably not have permitted. She is especially famous for fasting by living for long periods of time on nothing but the Blessed Sacrament.
Mystical visions
In about 1366, Catherine experienced what she described in her letters as a 'Mystical Marriage' with Jesus, after which she began to tend the sick and serve the poor. In 1370 she received a series of visions of Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven, after which she heard a command to leave her withdrawn life and enter the public life of the world.
| “ | Prayer to the Precious Blood of Jesus
Precious Blood, Ocean of Divine Mercy: Flow upon us! Precious Blood, Most pure Offering: Procure us every Grace! Precious Blood, Hope and Refuge of sinners: Atone for us! Precious Blood, Delight of holy souls: Draw us! Amen. |
” |
Service and political peace efforts
She began to write letters to men and women in authority, especially begging for peace between the republics and principalities of Italy and for the return of the papacy from Avignon to Rome. She carried on a long correspondence with Pope Gregory XI, also asking him to reform the clergy and the administration of the Papal States. In her letters to the Pope, she often referred to him affectionately as "Papa" or "Daddy" ("Babbo" in Italian).
In June of 1376 Catherine went to Avignon herself as ambassador of Florence to make peace between the Papal States, but was unsuccessful. She impressed the Pope so much, however, that he returned his administration to Rome in January of 1377. During the Western Schism of 1378 she was an adherent of Pope Urban VI, who summoned her to Rome where she lived until her death in 1380.
Legacy
Catherine's letters are considered one of the great works of early Tuscan literature. More than 300 letters have survived. Her major work is the Dialogue of Divine Providence.
Pope Pius II canonized Catherine in 1461. Her feast day is April 29 in the new Roman calendar and April 30 in the traditional Roman calendar. Pope Paul VI bestowed on her in 1970 the title of Doctor of the Church - making her the first woman, along with Saint Teresa of Ávila, ever to receive this honor. In 1999 Pope John Paul II made her one of Europe's patron saints. Saint Catherine is also the patroness of the historically Catholic American sorority, Theta Phi Alpha.
Catherine's body is currently interred in Rome, in the basilica Santa Maria sopra Minerva near the Pantheon. Her head and right thumb are in Siena, and her foot in Venice. St.Catherine is the patron saint of fire prevention and of Italy. She is a doctor of the church because she challenged great people like the pope men (which was an achievment at the time) and many people with high authority
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Cavallini, Giuliana. Catherine of Siena. Outstanding Christian thinkers. London: Geoffrey Chapman 1998. ISBN 9780225667677
- Catherine, and Suzanne Noffke. The Letters of St. Catherine of Siena, Binghamton, N.Y.: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton 1988. ISBN 9780866980364
- Curtayne, Alice. Saint Catherine of Siena, Rockford Il.: Tan Books and Publ., 1929/1980. ASIN B0006XVUPK
- Jorgensen, Johannes, Ingeborg Lund, trans. Saint Catherine of Siena, London: Longmans, Green, 1939. ASIN B0006AO9F6
- Luongo, F. Thomas. The Saintly Politics of Catherine of Siena, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press 2006. ISBN 9780801443954
- Nofke, Suzanne, O.P., trans. and Giuliana Cavallini. Catherine of Siena: The Dialogue, N.Y.: Paulist Press, 1980. ISBN 978-0809122332
- Raymond of Capua, George Lamb, trans. The Life of St. Catherine of Siena, Chicago, Il.: P. J. Kenedy & Sons, 2003. ISBN 978-0895557612
External Links
Retrieved July 7, 2007.
- Works by Catherine of Siena. Project Gutenberg www.gutenberg.org
- "St. Catherine of Siena" www.newadvent.org
- Saint Catherine of Siena, Virgin www.ewtn.com
- Letters of Catherine from Gutenberg www.gutenberg.org
- St. Catherine of Siena Parish in Springfield, Massachusetts. www.scsparish.4lpi.com
- St. Catherine of Siena Catholic Church in Great Falls, Virginia. st-catherines.net
- St. Catherine of Siena Church in Reseda, California. www.catherineofsiena.org
- Saint Catherine of Siena www.intratext.com
- Drawn by Love. The Mysticism of Catherine of Siena www.drawnbylove.com
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