Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr
Abd Allah al-Zubayr or Ibn Zubayr or Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr' (624 - 692) (Arabic: عبد الله بن الزبير) was a sahabi whose father was Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, and whose mother was Asma bint Abi Bakr, daughter of the first Caliph Abu Bakr. He was the nephew of Aisha, one of the wives of Muhammad
Biography
He was of the Banu Asad. As a young man, Abdullah was an active participant in numerous Muslim campaigns against both the Byzantine and Sassanid empires.He marched to Sbeitla,Tunisia, the capital of exarchate of Carthage King Gregory. Gregory was defeated and killed in the Battle of Sufetula in 647 C.E.
He also accompanied his father and Aisha into battle against Ali at the Battle of Bassorah.
Ibn al-Zubayr's revolt
Ibn al-Zubayr was not active in politics during the reign of Muawiyah I, but upon the ascension of Yazid I, he refused to swear allegiance to the new caliph.
One of his supporters, Muslim ibn Shihab, was the father of Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri who would become a famous scholar.
Template:Campaignbox Second Fitna Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr's revolt was directed against Yazid I following the Battle of Karbala.
Ibn al-Zubayr was not active in politics during the reign of Muawiyah I, but upon the ascension of Yazid I, he refused to swear allegiance to the new caliph. After the death of Husayn bin Ali(as) at the Battle of Karbela on the 10th of Muharram, 61 AH (October 10, 680), Ibn al-Zubayr returned to Hejaz region where he declared himself the righteous caliph, and he began building support. Eventually he could consolidate his power by sending a governor to Kufa. Soon, Ibn al-Zubayr established his power in Iraq, southern Arabia and in the greater part of Syria, and parts of Egypt. Ibn Zubayr benefitted greatly from widespread dissatisfaction among the populace with Umayyad rule. Yazid tried to end Ibn Zubayr's rebellion by invading Hejaz, but his sudden death ended the campaign and threw the Umayyads into disarray with civil war eventually breaking out.
This essentially split the Islamic empire into two spheres with two different caliphs, but it did not last for long. The Second Fitna was soon be settled, and Ibn al-Zubayr lost Egypt and whatever he had left of Syria to Marwan ibn al-Hakam. This coupled together with the successful Kharijite rebellions in Iraq dwindled Ibn al-Zubayr's rule down to only the Hejaz region.
Ibn al-Zubayr finally was decisively defeated by Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan who sent Hajjaj ibn Yusuf to reunite the Islamic empire under the Umayyad rule. Hajjaj defeated and killed Ibn al-Zubayr on battlefield in 692, reestablishing Umayyad control over the Islamic Empire.
Yazid
After the death of Husayn bin Ali at the Battle of Karbela, Ibn Zubayr returned to the Hejaz where he declared himself the righteous caliph, and he began building support. Eventually he would consolidate his power by sending a governor to Kufa. Soon, Ibn Zubayr established his power in Iraq, southern Arabia and in the greater part of Syria, and parts of Egypt. Ibn Zubayr benefitted greatly from widespread dissatisfaction among the populace with Umayyad rule. Yazid tried to end Ibn Zubayr's rebellion by invading the Hejaz, and took Medina after the bloody Battle of al-Harrah followed by the siege of Makkah but his sudden death would end the campaign and throw the Umayyads into disarray with civil war eventually breaking out.
Marwan
This would essentially split the Islamic empire into two spheres with two different caliphs, but it would not last long. The Umayyad civil war would be settled, and Zubayr would lose Egypt and whatever he had left of Syria to Marwan I. This coupled with the Kharijite rebellions in Iraq dwindled his control down to only the Hejaz.
Abd al-Malik
Ibn Zubayr would finally be defeated by Abd al-Malik who would send Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf to reunite the Islamic empire. Hajjaj would defeat and kill Ibn Zubayr on the battlefield in 692, beheading him and crucifying his body, reestablishing Umayyad control over the Islamic Empire.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Aslan, Reza. 2005. No god but God: the origins, evolution, and future of Islam. New York: Random House. ISBN 9781400062133
See also
- Islam
- Sahaba
External links
List of Sahaba | |||
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Abbad ibn Bishr | `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib | `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas | `Abd Allah ibn `Abd al-Asad |
Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud | `Abd Allah ibn Rawahah | Abd-Allah ibn Sailam | Abd-Allah ibn Ubaiy |
Abd-Allah ibn Umm-Maktum | Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr | Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr | Abdullah ibn Hudhafah as-Sahmi |
Abdullah ibn Ja'far | Abdullah ibn Sailam | Abu Ayyub al-Ansari | Abu Bakr |
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari | Abu Dujana | Abu Fuhayra | Abu Hudhaifah ibn al-Mughirah |
Abu Hurairah | Abu Sufyan ibn Harb | Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith | Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib |
Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah | Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabiah | Abu al-Dardaa | Abu-Hudhayfah ibn Utbah |
Abu-Musa al-Asha'ari | Abu-Sa'id al-Khudri | Akib ibn Usaid | Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami |
Al-Baraa ibn Malik al-Ansari | Al-Nahdiah | Ali | Aminah bint Wahab |
Ammar ibn Yasir | Amr ibn al-Jamuh | An-Numan ibn Muqarrin | Anas ibn Malik |
Ashaab | Bashir ibn Sa'ad | Bilal ibn Ribah | Bilal ibn al-Harith |
Fadl ibn Abbas | Fatima bint Asad | Fatima bint Hizam | Fayruz al-Daylami |
Habibah bint Ubayd-Allah | Halima Sadia | Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib | Harithah bint al-Muammil |
Hatib ibn Abi Baitah | Hisham ibn Al-Aas | Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman | Hujr ibn Adi |
Ja`far bin Abī Tālib | Julaybib | Khabbab ibn al-Aratt | Khalid ibn Sa`id |
Khunais ibn Hudhaifa | Kumayl ibn Ziyad | Khuzaymat ibn sabet | Layla bint al-Minhal |
Lubaba bint al-Harith | Lubaynah | Malik Bin Deenar | Malik al-Dar |
Malik ibn Ashter | Malik ibn Nuwayrah | Mus`ab ibn `Umair | Miqdad ibn Aswad |
Muadh ibn Jabal | Mughira ibn Shu'ba | Muhammad Ibn Maslamah | Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr |
Muhammad ibn Maslamah | Nawfal ibn Khuwaylid | Qatadah | Rab'ah ibn Umayah |
Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith | Sa`ad ibn ar-Rabi` | Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas | Saffiyah bint ‘Abd al-Muttalib |
Said ibn Aamir al-Jumahi | Sa'id ibn Zayd | Salim Mawla Abu Hudhayfah | Salman the Persian |
Suhayb ar-Rumi | Ubaydah ibn al-Harith | Umamah bint Zainab | Umar |
Umm Kulthum bint Ali | Umm Kulthum bint Jarwila Khuzima | Umm Shareek | Umm Ubays |
`Uqbah ibn Amir | Urwah ibn Mas'ud | Usama ibn Zayd | Utbah ibn Ghazwan |
Uthman ibn Hunaif | Wahb ibn Abd Manaf | Zayd ibn Arqam | Zayd ibn Harithah |
Zayd ibn Thabit | Zaynab bint Ali |
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