Difference between revisions of "University of Pennsylvania" - New World Encyclopedia

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[[Category:Politics and social sciences]]
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[[Category:Politics and social sciences]]{{Copyedited}}
 
[[Category:Education]]
 
[[Category:Education]]
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[[Category:Universities and Colleges]]
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{{Infobox_University-Jen
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{{Infobox_University  
 
 
|name          = University of Pennsylvania  
 
|name          = University of Pennsylvania  
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|image          =  
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|image          = [[Image:Collegegreen.jpg|185 px]]
 
|motto          = ''Leges sine moribus vanae'' (Laws without morals are useless.)  
 
|motto          = ''Leges sine moribus vanae'' (Laws without morals are useless.)  
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|established    = [[1740]]<ref>The University officially uses 1740 as its founding date and has since 1899. The ideas and intellectual inspiration for the academic institution stem from 1749, with a pamphlet published by Benjamin Franklin. When Franklin's institution was established, it inhabited a schoolhouse built in 1740 for another school, which never came to practical fruition. Penn archivist Mark Frazier Lloyd [http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/current/2004/011504/feature8.html] notes: “In 1899, Penn’s Trustees adopted a resolution that established 1740 as the founding date, but good cases may be made for 1749, when Franklin first convened the Trustees, or 1751, when the first classes were taught, or 1755, when Penn obtained its collegiate charter." Princeton's library[http://www.princeton.edu/mudd/news/faq/topics/older.shtml] presents another, carefully nuanced view.</ref>
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|established    = 1740<ref>The University officially uses 1740 as its founding date and has since 1899. The ideas and intellectual inspiration for the academic institution stem from 1749, with a pamphlet published by Benjamin Franklin. When Franklin's institution was established, it inhabited a schoolhouse built in 1740 for another school, which never came to practical fruition. Penn archivist [http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/current/2004/011504/feature8.html Mark Frazier Lloyd] (Retrieved December 29, 2007.) notes: “In 1899, Penn’s Trustees adopted a resolution that established 1740 as the founding date, but good cases may be made for 1749, when Franklin first convened the Trustees, or 1751, when the first classes were taught, or 1755, when Penn obtained its collegiate charter." [http://www.princeton.edu/mudd/news/faq/topics/older.shtml Princeton's library] presents another, carefully nuanced view. Retrieved December 29, 2007.</ref>
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|type          = [[Private university|Private]]  
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|type          = [[Private university|Private]] [[research university]]
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|endowment     = $5.71 billion<ref>http://www.upenn.edu/almanac/volumes/v53/n15/trustees.html</ref>
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|calendar=  Semester
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|endowment =  
 
|president      = [[Amy Gutmann]]  
 
|president      = [[Amy Gutmann]]  
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|city          = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]  
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|city          = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Philadelphia]]  
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|state          = [[Pennsylvania]]  
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|state          = [[Pennsylvania]]
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|country        = [[United States|USA]]  
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|country        = [[United States|USA]]
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|undergrad      = 9,718
+
|undergrad      = 9,710
 
|postgrad      = 10,103
 
|postgrad      = 10,103
 
|staff          = 4,603
 
|staff          = 4,603
 
|campus        = [[urban area|Urban]], 269 [[acre]]s (1.1 [[km²]])  
 
|campus        = [[urban area|Urban]], 269 [[acre]]s (1.1 [[km²]])  
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|free_label    = Athletics
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|colors          =[[Gules|Red]] & [[Azure (heraldry)|Blue]] {{color box|#A32638}}{{color box|#00337F}}
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|nickname      = [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]]  
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|athletics      =[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I]]
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|free          = 33 varsity teams
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|nickname      = [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]]
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|affiliations  = [[Ivy League]], [[Association of American Universities|AAU]]
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|affiliations  = [[Ivy League]], [[Association of American Universities|AAU]], [[COFHE]]
 
|website        = [http://www.upenn.edu/ www.upenn.edu]  
 
|website        = [http://www.upenn.edu/ www.upenn.edu]  
 
|logo          =  
 
|logo          =  
 
}}
 
}}
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{{portalpar|Philadelphia}}
 
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The '''University of Pennsylvania''' (or '''Penn'''<ref>In addition to ''Penn,'' ''U of P'' and ''Pennsylvania,'' ''UPenn'' has come into fairly common usage due to university officials establishing the domain name of the university as "upenn.edu." ''Penn'' has been used by sportswriters for at least a century, e.g. {{cite book | last = Crowther| first = Samuel| authorlink =| coauthors =| year = 1905| title = Rowing and Track Athletics| publisher =The Macmillan company| pages=85 }} [http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&vid=LCCN05038501&id=Xg2d3cK6L9MC&num=100&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=penn+princeton+date:1900-1960]. Official emphasis on ''Penn'' began c. 1990 and intensified in 2002 with President Rodin's "One University" initiative.[http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/vnews/display.v/ART/3d48ac7827f61?in_archive=1]. The University's formal branding and usage guidelines [http://www.upenn.edu/secretary/nameuse.html], [http://www.upenn.edu/webguide/style_guide/identity.html],  [http://www.business-services.upenn.edu/creativecommunications/pdf/logostyleguide.pdf] specify ''Penn'' and the "Penn-University of Pennsylvania" logo but do not explicitly deprecate ''UPenn'' or other abbreviations. The recent popularity of ''UPenn'' is probably influenced by campus email addresses which use the domain name "upenn.edu," and possibly by parallels with ''[[University of Massachusetts|UMass]]'' and ''[[University of Connecticut|UConn]]'' (which, unlike ''UPenn'', have official status and are trademarked). Daily Pennsylvanian columnist Jeff Shafer traces the origin of the "upenn" domain name to pre-Internet days, citing DP head Ira Winston as saying that in the early days of email the University chose upenn.csnet, which "mimicked the University of Delaware's udel.csnet." Thus the choice of "upenn" was made when computer network names had little public visibility, and before the university decided to emphasize ''Penn'' as part of a conscious branding strategy. Shafer says the university studied the feasibility of full conversion to "penn.edu" in 2002 but decided that the costs were too high.[http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/vnews/display.v/ART/43f433d839822?in_archive=1]. ''UPenn'' is seen in college guides.[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0312341571?p=S0N5]. The abbreviation "U. Penn" appears in novels[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0609807919?p=S01N] and in academic journal abbreviations, e.g ''U. Penn L. Rev''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0262033143?p=S093], (although the National Library of Medicine uses the abbreviation ''Univ PA'').[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=journals] "U Penn"[http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0671021001?p=S06H][http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0009GJNGC] and ''U-Penn''[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0008IYYZQ] are also seen.</ref><ref>"Penn" is also used regionally to refer to [[William Penn University]], a liberal arts college in Iowa: [http://www.wmpenn.edu Multi-faceted construction project on Penn campus], [http://www.wmpenn.edu/about/history/history-3.php Penn people], [http://www.oskaloosaherald.com/siteSearch/apstorysection/local_story_137114134.html Osky’s Snowbarger signs with Penn volleyball team]</ref>) is a [[private university|private]], nonsectarian research university located in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. According to the university, it is the fourth-oldest<ref>Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution. Penn, [[Princeton University|Princeton]], and [[Columbia University|Columbia]] originated within a few years of each other. In 1899, Penn officially changed its "founding" date from 1749 to 1740, affecting its rank. See [http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0902/thomas.html Building Penn's Brand] for the reasons why Penn did this. [[Princeton University]] implicitly challenges this[http://www.princeton.edu/main/about/history/], also claiming to be fourth.  Penn was chartered in 1755, making it sixth-oldest chartered, behind Princeton (1746) and Columbia (1754).  A Presbyterian minister operated a "Log College" in Bucks County, Pennsylvania from 1726 until 1746; some have suggested a connection between it and the College of New Jersey (later Princeton) which would justify pushing Princeton's founding date back to 1726, earlier than Penn's 1740. But Princeton never has done so and a Princeton historian says that "the facts do not warrant" such an interpretation. [http://etcweb1.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/log_college.html].</ref> institution of [[higher education]] in the U.S. and America's first university.<ref name="first university">{{cite web| url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/firstuniv.html|title=The University of Pennsylvania: America's First University| publisher=University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref> Penn is a member of the [[Ivy League]] and is also one of the [[Colonial Colleges]].
 
  
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Nine signers of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and eleven signers of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] are associated with the University. [[Benjamin Franklin]], Penn's founder, advocated an educational program that focused as much on practical education for commerce and public service as on the classics and theology. Penn was one of the first academic institutions to follow a multidisciplinary model developed by several European universities, concentrating several "faculties" under one institution.
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The '''University of Pennsylvania''' (also known as '''Penn''') is a [[private university|private]], [[coeducation]]al [[research university]] located in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of [[higher education]] in the [[United States]] and the oldest university. Penn is also a member of the [[Ivy League]] and is one of the [[Colonial Colleges]].
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[[Benjamin Franklin]], Penn's founder, advocated an educational program that focused as much on practical education for commerce and public service as on the classics and theology. Penn was one of the first academic institutions to follow a multidisciplinary model pioneered by several European universities, concentrating several "faculties" (theology, classics, medicine) into one institution.
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{{toc}}
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[[Image:Benjamin Franklin statue in front of College Hall.JPG|thumb|250 px|Benjamin Franklin statue in front of College Hall, the oldest building on the present campus (constructed 1871)]]
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Penn is acknowledged as a leader in the [[arts]] and [[humanities]], the [[social science]]s, [[architecture]], [[communication]]s, and [[education]]. The university is one of 14 founding members of the [[Association of American Universities]]. Recognized as America's first university, Penn remains today a world-renowned center for the creation and dissemination of knowledge, about our world and ourselves as human beings for the benefit of all.
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==Mission and Reputation==
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[[Image:Logan Hall EnterFront.JPG|260px|left|thumb|Logan Hall, home of The College of Arts and Sciences]]
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In 1740, a group of Philadelphians joined together to erect a great preaching hall for the evangelist [[George Whitefield|Rev. George Whitefield]]. Designed and built by [[Edmund Woolley]], it was the largest building in the city and it was also planned to serve as a charity school. The fundraising, however, fell short and although the building was erected, the plans for both a chapel and the charity school were suspended. In the fall of 1749, eager to create a college to educate future generations, [[Benjamin Franklin]] circulated a pamphlet titled "Proposals for the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania," his vision for what he called a "Publick Academy of Philadelphia."<ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/brief.html A Brief History of the University of Pennsylvania.] ''UPenn''. Retrieved October 11, 2007.</ref> However, according to Franklin's autobiography, it was in 1743 when he first drew up a proposal for establishing the academy, "thinking the Rev. Richard Peters a fit person to superintend such an institution." Unlike the other three American [[Colonial colleges]] that existed at the time—[[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[College of William and Mary|William and Mary]], and [[Yale University|Yale]]—Franklin's new school would not focus merely on education for the clergy. He advocated an innovative concept of higher education, one which would teach both the ornamental knowledge of the arts and the practical skills necessary for making a living and doing public service. The proposed program of study became the nation's first modern [[liberal arts]] curriculum.
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Today, Penn is one of the most selective universities in the country at all levels of higher education. Of particular note are its [[law]] school, [[health care]] schools, and [[business]] school. President Amy Gutmann notes:
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<blockquote>For more than two centuries, the University of Pennsylvania has been committed to excellence in scholarship, research and service. … Penn takes pride in being a place where students and faculty can pursue knowledge without boundaries, a place where theory and practice combine to produce a better understanding of our world and ourselves.<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/president/ Office of the President] ''Upenn''. Retrieved December 30, 2007.</ref></blockquote>
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==History==
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[[Image:College Hall and Ben Franklin Statue.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Benjamin Franklin Statue, in front of College Hall]]
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The University was officially founded in 1755 by [[Benjamin Franklin]]. Franklin assembled a board of trustees from among the leading citizens of [[Philadelphia]], the first such non-sectarian board in America. At the first meeting of the 24 members of the Board of Trustees (November 13, 1749) the issue of where to locate the school was a prime concern. Although a lot across Sixth Street from [[Independence Hall (United States)|Independence Hall]] was offered without cost by James Logan, its owner, the Trustees realized that the building erected in 1740, which was still vacant, would be an even better site. On February 1, 1750 the new board took over the building and trusts of the old board. In 1751 the Academy, using the great hall at 4th and Arch Streets, took in its first students. A charity school also was opened in accordance with the intentions of the original "New Building" donors, although it lasted only a few years.
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[[Image:Penn campus 2.jpg|300px|left|thumb|Quad in the Fall, facing Ware College House]]
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For its date of founding, the University uses 1740, the date of "the creation of the earliest of the many educational trusts the University has taken upon itself"<ref>Edward Potts Cheyney. ''History of the University of Pennsylvania 1740–1940.'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1940), 46–48.</ref> (the charity school mentioned above) during its existence.
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The institution was known as the College of Philadelphia from 1755 to 1779. In 1779, not trusting then-provost [[Dr. William Smith|Rev. William Smith]]'s [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|loyalist]] tendencies, the revolutionary State Legislature created a University of the State of Pennsylvania.<ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/penn1700s.html Penn in the 1700s] ''UPenn''. Retrieved October 11, 2007.</ref> The result was a schism, with Rev. William Smith continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. In 1791 the legislature issued a new [[charter]], merging the two institutions into the University of Pennsylvania with twelve men from each institution on the new board of trustees.<ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/penn1700s.html Penn in the 18th Century]. accessdate 2006-04-29 ''University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania''</ref> These three schools were part of the same institution and were overseen by the same board of Trustees.<ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/penn1700s.html Penn in the 1700s] ''UPenn''. Retrieved October 11, 2007.</ref>
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Penn has two claims to being the first university in the United States, according to university archive director Mark Frazier Lloyd: founding the first medical school in America in 1765, makes it the first university ''de facto,'' while, by virtue of the 1779 charter, "no other American institution of higher learning was named ''University'' before Penn."
  
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Penn is acknowledged as a leader in the arts and humanities, the social sciences, architecture, communications, and education.<ref name="ranking">{{cite web| url=http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/natudoc/tier1/t1natudoc_brief.php| publisher=USNews.com| title=America's Best Colleges 2006: National Universities: Top Schools| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref> It's particularly noted for its professional programs including Penn's schools of business, law and medicine.  <ref>http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/grad/rankings/rankindex_brief.php </ref> About 4,500 professors serve nearly 10,000 full-time undergraduate and 10,000 graduate and professional students. Penn is incorporated as "The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania."
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After being located in downtown Philadelphia for more than a century, the campus was moved across the [[Schuylkill River]] to property purchased from the [[Blockley Almshouse]] in [[West Philadelphia]] in 1872, where it has since remained in an area now known as [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]].
  
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In FY2006, Penn's academic research programs undertook more than $660 million in research,  involving some 4,200 faculty, 870 postdoctoral fellows, 3,800 graduate students, and 5,400 support staff. Much of the funding is provided by the [[National Institutes of Health]] for biomedical research.  In 2005, Penn was awarded $470 million in grants by the NIH, ranking it second among all universities. <ref>http://grants.nih.gov/grants/award/awardtr.htm</ref>
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===Other historical facts of the University of Pennsylvania===
  
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Penn tops the [[Ivy League]] in annual spending, with a projected 2006 budget of $4.41 billion, including a payroll of $2.183 billion. In 2005, it ranked fourth among U.S. universities in fundraising, bringing in about $394 million in private support, according to the Chronicle of Philanthropy <ref>http://philanthropy.com/premium/stats/philanthropy400/2006/2006phl400results.php</ref>.
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One United States president ([[William Henry Harrison]]); nine signers of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] ([[Benjamin Franklin]], James Wilson, Benjamin Rush, George Clymer, Robert Morris, George Ross, Francis Hopkinson, Thomas McKean, and William Paca); eleven signers of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] (Benjamin Franklin, [[George Washington]], James Wilson, Thomas Mifflin, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, Rufus King, Gouverneur Morris, Robert Morris, and Hugh Williamson); and three [[United States Supreme Court]] justices ([[William Brennan]], [[Owen Roberts]], and [[James Wilson]]) are associated with the University.
  
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Penn is one of 14 founding members of the [[Association of American Universities]].
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Penn's educational innovations include: the nation's first medical school in 1765; the first university teaching hospital in 1874; the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]], the world's first collegiate school of business, in 1881; the first American student union building, [[Houston Hall (University of Pennsylvania)|Houston Hall]], in 1896;<ref>George E. Thomas and David Bruce Brownlee. ''Building America's First University: An Historical and Architectural Guide to the University of Pennsylvania.'' (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000), 3</ref>; the country's second school of veterinary medicine; and the home of [[ENIAC]], the world's first electronic, large-scale, general-purpose digital computer in 1946. Penn is also home to the oldest [[Psychology]] department in North America and where the [[American Medical Association]] was founded.<ref>[http://www.psych.upenn.edu/ Welcome to the Department of Psychology] ''University of Pennsylvania''. accessdate 2006-04-29</ref><ref>[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/schools/med.html History of the School of Medicine] ''University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania''. accessdate 2006-04-29</ref>
  
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==History==
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Penn is one of the nation's few private universities to be named for the place in which it is located (others include [[Princeton University]], [[University of Rochester]], [[University of Southern California]], [[Georgetown University]], [[Boston College]], [[Boston University]], [[Syracuse University]], [[University of Dayton]], [[New York University]], and the [[University of Chicago]]). Because of this, Penn is often confused with the [[Pennsylvania State University]] (also known as "Penn State"), a [[state university (U.S.)|public]] research university whose main campus is located in the geographic center of Pennsylvania in [[State College, Pennsylvania|State College]].
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[[Image:College Hall and Ben Franklin Statue.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Benjamin Franklin Statue, in front of College Hall]]In [[1740]], a group of Philadelphians joined together to erect a great preaching hall for the evangelist [[George Whitefield]]. Designed and built by [[Edmund Woolley]], it was the largest building in the city and it was also planned to serve as a charity school. The fundraising, however, fell short and although the building was erected, the plans for both a chapel and the charity school were suspended. In the fall of [[1749]], eager to create a college to educate future generations, [[Benjamin Franklin]] circulated a pamphlet titled "Proposals for the Education of Youth in Pensilvania," his vision for what he called a "Publick Academy of Philadelphia." However, according to Franklin's autobiography, it was in [[1743]] when he first drew up a proposal for establishing the academy, "thinking the Rev. Richard Peters a fit person to superintend such an institution." Unlike the other three American [[Colonial colleges]] that existed at the time — [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[College of William and Mary|William and Mary]], and [[Yale University|Yale]] — Franklin's new school would not focus on education for the clergy. He advocated an innovative concept of higher education, one which would teach both the ornamental knowledge of the arts and the practical skills necessary for making a living and doing public service. The proposed program of study became the nation's first modern liberal arts curriculum.
 
  
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Franklin assembled a board of trustees from among the leading citizens of [[Philadelphia]], the first such non-sectarian board in America. At the first meeting of the 24 members of the Board of Trustees ([[November 13]], [[1749]]) the issue of where to locate the school was a prime concern. Although a lot across Sixth Street from [[Independence Hall]] was offered without cost by James Logan, its owner, the Trustees realized that the building erected in 1740, which was still vacant, would be an even better site. On [[February 1]], [[1750]] the new board took over the building and trusts of the old board. In 1751 the Academy, using the great hall at 4th and Arch Streets, took in its first students. A charity school also was opened in accordance with the intentions of the original "New Building" donors, although it lasted only a few years.
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==Facilities==
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[[Image:Foliage at Penn 2005 035.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Overlooking Lower Quad from Upper Quad]]
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Much of Penn's architecture was designed by [[Cope & Stewardson]]. The two architects combined the [[Gothic architecture]] of the [[University of Oxford]] and the [[University of Cambridge]] - retaining some of their classical elements - with the local landscape to establish the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Collegiate Gothic]] style. The present core campus covers over 269 acres (~1 km²) in a contiguous area of western Philadelphia's [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]] district. All of Penn's schools and most of its research institutes are located on this campus. Recent improvements to the surrounding neighborhood includes the opening of several restaurants, a large upscale grocery store, and a movie theater on the western edge of campus.
  
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[[Image:Penn campus 2.jpg|300px|left|thumb|Quad in the Fall, facing Ware College House]]For its date of founding, the University uses 1740, the date of "the creation of the earliest of the many educational trusts the University has taken upon itself " <ref>Cheyney, Edward Potts. ''History of the University of Pennsylvania 1740-1940'' University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1940. pp 46-48.</ref> (the charity school mentioned above) during its existence.
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Penn also acquired approximately 35 acres of land located between the campus and the Schuylkill River (the former site of the [[Philadelphia Civic Center]] and a nearby 24-acre site owned by the [[United States Postal Service]]), to be redeveloped for expanded educational, research, [[Biomedical engineering|biomedical]], and [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] facilities.
  
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The institution was known as the '''College of Philadelphia''' from 1755 to 1779. In 1779, not trusting then-provost [[Dr. William Smith]]'s [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|loyalist]] tendencies, the revolutionary State Legislature created a '''University of the State of Pennsylvania'''  as a new institution with a new board of trustees. The result was a schism, with [[Dr. William Smith]] continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. In 1791 the legislature issued a new charter, merging the two institutions into the '''University of Pennsylvania''' with twelve men from each institution on the new board of trustees.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/penn1700s.html| title=Penn in the 18th Century| accessdate=2006-04-29| publisher=University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania}}</ref>
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[[Image:UQG.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Upper Quad Gate.]]
  
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Penn has two claims to being the [[First university in the United States]], according to university archive director Mark Frazier Lloyd: founding the first medical school in America in 1765, makes it the first university ''de facto,'' while, by virtue of the 1779 charter, "no other American institution of higher learning was named ''University'' before Penn."<ref name="first university"/>
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In addition to its properties in [[West Philadelphia]], the University owns the 92 acre [[Morris Arboretum]] in [[Chestnut Hill]] in northwestern [[Philadelphia]], the official arboretum of the state of [[Pennsylvania]]. Penn also owns the 687 acre [[New Bolton Center]], the research and large-animal health care center of its Veterinary School. New Bolton Center received nationwide media attention when [[Kentucky Derby]] winner [[Barbaro]] underwent surgery at its Widener Hospital for multiple fractures to his right hind leg, suffered while running in the [[Preakness Stakes]] on May 20, 2006. It is located near [[Kennett Square, Pennsylvania]].
  
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After being located in downtown Philadelphia for more than a century, the campus was moved across the [[Schuylkill River]] to  property purchased from the [[Blockley Almshouse]] in [[West Philadelphia]] in 1872, where it has since remained in an area now known as [[University City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|University City]].
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Penn borders [[Drexel University]] and is near the [[University of the Sciences in Philadelphia]] (USP). Also nearby is the [[University City High School (Philadelphia)|University City High School]].
  
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[[Image:Universityofpennsylvaniacollegehall.jpeg|thumb|250px|right|College Hall and Logan Hall viewed from Woodland Ave., ca. 1892.]]Penn's educational innovations include: the nation's first medical school in 1765; the first university teaching hospital in 1874; the [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]], the world's first collegiate school of business, in 1881; the first American student union building, Houston Hall, in 1896; the country's second school of veterinary medicine; and the home of [[ENIAC]], the world's first electronic, large-scale, general-purpose digital computer in 1946. Penn is also home to the oldest Psychology department in North America and where the [[American Medical Association]] was founded.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.psych.upenn.edu/| title=Welcome to the Department of Psychology| publisher= University of Pennsylvania| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/schools/med.html| publisher=University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania| title=History of the School of Medicine| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref>
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===Libraries===
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[[Image:FisherFineArtsLibrary.JPG|thumb|280px|right|Fisher Fine Arts Library, also referred to as the Furness Library or simply the Fine Arts Library]]
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Penn's [[library]] began in 1750 with a donation of books from cartographer [[Louis Evans]]. Twelve years later, then-provost [[William Smith]] sailed to England to raise additional funds to increase the collection size. More than 250 years later, it has grown into a system of 15 libraries (13 are on the contiguous campus) with 400 FTE employees and a total operating budget of more than $48 million. The library system holds 5.7 million book and serial volumes. It subscribes to 44,000 print serials and e-journals.<ref>[http://metrics.library.upenn.edu/prototype/datafarm/ Penn Library Data Farm]. accessdate 2006-04-29</ref>
  
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Penn is one of the nation's few private universities to be named for the place in which it is located (others include the [[University of Southern California]], [[Boston College]], [[Boston University]], [[Georgetown University]], [[Syracuse University]], [[New York University]], [[Princeton University]], and the [[University of Chicago]]). Because of this, it is sometimes confused with the [[Pennsylvania State University]] (also known as "Penn State"), a [[state university (U.S.)|public]] research university whose main campus is located in the geographic center of Pennsylvania in [[State College, Pennsylvania|State College]].
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Penn's Libraries, with associated school or subject area:
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*Annenberg (School of Communications), located in the Annenberg School
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*Biddle (Law), located in the Law School
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*Biomedical, located adjacent to the Robert Wood Johnson Pavilion of the Medical School
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*Center for Advanced Judaic Studies, located on Walnut Street at Washington Square
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*Chemistry, located in the 1973 Wing of the Chemistry Building
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*Dental
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*Engineering
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*Fine Arts, located within the Furness (Fisher Fine Arts) Library
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*Lippincott (Wharton School), located on the second floor of the Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center
 +
*Math/Physics/Astronomy, located on the third floor of David Rittenhouse Laboratory
 +
*Museum (Anthropology)
 +
*Rare Books and Manuscripts
 +
*Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center (Humanities and Social Sciences)
 +
*Lea Library, located within the Van Pelt Library
 +
*Veterinary
 +
*High Density Storage
  
−
===Motto===
+
===The University Museum===
−
Penn's motto is based on a line from [[Horace]]’s III.24 (Book 3, Ode 24), ''quid leges sine moribus vanae proficiunt?'' ("of what avail empty laws without [good] mores?") From 1756 to 1898, the motto read ''Sine Moribus Vanae''. When a wag pointed out that the motto could be translated as "Loose women without morals," the university quickly changed the motto to ''literae sine moribus vanae'' ("Letters without morals [are] useless"). In 1932, all elements of the seal were revised, and as part of the redesign it was decided that the new motto "mutilated" Horace, and it was changed to its present wording, ''Leges Sine Moribus Vanae'' ("Laws without morals [are] useless"). <ref>{{cite journal| last=Hughes| first=Samuel| year=2002| url=http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0102/0102finals.html| title=Whiskey, Loose Women, and Fig Leaves: The University's seal has a curious history| journal=Pennsylvania Gazette| volume=100| issue=3}}</ref>.
+
{{main|University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology}}
 +
The University Museum, as it is commonly called, was founded in 1887. During the early twentieth century UPM conducted some of the first and most important archaeological and anthropological expeditions to Egypt, Mesopotamia, Africa, East Asia and South America, thus the collection includes a very large number of antiquities from ancient Egypt and the Middle East. Its most famous object is the  goat rearing into the branches of a rosette-leafed plant, from the [[Ur III|royal tombs of Ur]]. The Museum also has a strong collection of Chinese artifacts. Features of its [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] building include a dramatic [[rotunda]] and gardens that include Egyptian [[papyrus]]. UPM's scientific division, MASCA, focuses on the application of modern scientific techniques to aid the interpretation of archaeological contexts.
 +
 +
The [[Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia|Institute of Contemporary Art]] based on Penn's campus, showcases various exhibitions of art throughout the year.
  
 
==Academics==
 
==Academics==
 
===Undergraduate programs===  
 
===Undergraduate programs===  
−
The University of Pennsylvania has four undergraduate schools
+
The University of Pennsylvania has four undergraduate schools:
−
* The College of Arts & Sciences
+
* The School of Arts & Sciences
−
* The School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS)
+
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science|The School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS)]]
 
* The School of Nursing
 
* The School of Nursing
 
* [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]]
 
* [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|The Wharton School]]
  
−
The College of Arts & Sciences is the undergraduate division of the School of Arts and Sciences, which also contains the Graduate Division and the School of General Studies.
+
The College of Arts & Sciences is the undergraduate division of the School of Arts and Sciences, which also contains the Graduate Division and the College of General Studies.
  
−
Penn has a strong focus on interdisciplinary learning and research. It emphasizes [[University of Pennsylvania#Joint-degree and interdisciplinary programs|joint degree programs]], unique majors and academic flexibility. Penn's One University policy allows undergraduates access to courses at all of Penn's undergraduate and graduate schools.
+
Penn has a strong focus on interdisciplinary learning and research. It emphasizes joint degree programs, unique majors and academic flexibility. Penn's One University policy allows undergraduates access to courses at all of Penn's undergraduate and graduate schools, excepting the medical and dental schools. In the humanities and arts, the departments of [[African American literature]], [[anthropology]], [[art history]], [[biology]], [[communication]]s, [[demography]], [[English studies|English]], [[economics]], [[French language|French]], [[history]], [[political science]], [[psychology]], [[sociology]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] are also extremely well regarded. Particular strengths include [[business]], [[nursing]], [[engineering]], and [[nanotechnology]].  
  
 
Undergraduate students at Penn may also take courses at area colleges participating in the Quaker consortium, including [[Swarthmore College|Swarthmore]], [[Haverford College|Haverford]], and [[Bryn Mawr College|Bryn Mawr]].
 
Undergraduate students at Penn may also take courses at area colleges participating in the Quaker consortium, including [[Swarthmore College|Swarthmore]], [[Haverford College|Haverford]], and [[Bryn Mawr College|Bryn Mawr]].
  
 
===Graduate and professional schools===
 
===Graduate and professional schools===
−
The following schools offer graduate programs:[[Image:PennDentalSchool.jpg|thumb|300px|right|University of Pennsylvania Dental School]]
+
[[Image:PennDentalSchool.jpg|thumb|300px|right|University of Pennsylvania Dental School]]
 +
The following schools offer graduate programs:
 
* [[Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania|Annenberg School for Communication]]
 
* [[Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania|Annenberg School for Communication]]
−
* Graduate School of Education
+
* [[University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education|Graduate School of Education]]
 
* [[University of Pennsylvania Law School|Law School]]
 
* [[University of Pennsylvania Law School|Law School]]
 
* Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
 
* Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
 
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine|School of Dental Medicine]]
 
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine|School of Dental Medicine]]
−
* School of Design (Formerly the Graduate School of Fine Arts)
+
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Design|School of Design]] (Formerly the Graduate School of Fine Arts)
−
* [http://www.seas.upenn.edu/grad/|Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science]
+
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science|Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science]]
 
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine|School of Medicine]]
 
* [[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine|School of Medicine]]
 
* Graduate School of Nursing
 
* Graduate School of Nursing
Line 88: Line 133:
 
* [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]]
 
* [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]]
  
−
===Rankings===
+
Penn's graduate schools are among the most distinguished schools in their respective fields. Historically, Penn's graduate level programs have ranked higher in their respective academic fields than the overall undergraduate program relative to other colleges. Significant investments in Penn's faculty, in marketing the institution to new students and more aggressive sourcing of research and endowment funds have allowed Penn to maintain the standing of its graduate schools even as the university focused intensively on advancing its undergraduate programs.  
−
[[U.S. News & World Report]] ranks Penn as seventh in the nation for 2007, fourth in the Ivy League behind Princeton, Harvard, and Yale [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php]. Newsweek in 2007 ranked Penn the twelfth most global university, fourth in the Ivy League school behind Harvard, Yale, and Columbia [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14321230/site/newsweek/].  Penn was previously ranked #4 by US NEWS in both 2005 and 2006.  According to [[Jiao Tong]] University's Institute of Higher Education, the University of Pennsylvania is ranked fifteenth [http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006_Top100.htm] in their 2006 Academic Ranking of World Universities - sixth in the Ivy League behind Harvard (1), Columbia (7), Princeton (8), Yale (9) and Cornell (12). The undergraduate business program at Penn's [[Wharton School ]] was ranked Number 1 by US NEWS.
 
−
 
 
−
In 2006, [[The Washington Monthly]] published a unique ranking that focused on universities' contributions to national service (Research: total research spending, Ph.D.s granted in science and engineering, Community Service: the number of students in ROTC, Peace Corps, etc.; and Social Mobility: percentage of, and support for, Pell grant recipients); Penn ranked 30th overall, and 13th among private institutions.<ref>[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2006/0609.national.html]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
At the undergraduate level, Penn's business and nursing schools have maintained their #1, 2 or 3 rankings since [[U.S. News]] began reviewing such programs. The departments of African American literature, anthropology, art history, bioengineering, biology, communications, computer science, English, economics, French, history, political science, psychology, and Spanish are also extremely well regarded.
 
−
 
 
−
Penn's graduate schools are among the most distinguished schools in their respective fields. Historically, Penn's graduate level programs have ranked higher in their respective academic fields than the overall undergraduate program relative to other colleges. Significant investments in Penn's faculty, in marketing the institution to new students and more aggressive sourcing of research and endowment funds have allowed Penn to maintain the standing of its graduate schools even as the university focused intensively on advancing its undergraduate programs.   The schools of business ([[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]]), architecture (School of Design), communications ([[Annenberg School for Communication]]), medicine ([[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine|School of Medicine]]), dentistry, nursing and veterinary medicine rank in the top five nationally (see U.S. News, National Research Council, DesignIntelligence magazines). Penn's law ([[University of Pennsylvania Law School|Law School]]), social work and education schools are ranked in the top ten (U.S. News).
 
−
 
 
−
===Admissions selectivity===
 
−
The university received 20,479 applications for the Class of 2010 entering in the fall of 2006; Penn admitted 17.7 percent of those applicants, representing its most selective admissions year in history. For comparison, in recent years, Penn has received 18,000 - 20,000 applications for each freshman class, has admitted 20-25% of applications and yielded 60-65% of its extended offers.
 
−
 
 
−
In 2002, [[The Atlantic Monthly]] ranked it as the eighth most selective college in the United States (factoring in average grades, SAT scores, students' high school rankings, and offer yields).{{citation needed}}
 
  
−
At the graduate level, Penn's admissions rates - like most universities - vary considerably based on school and program.  Based on admission statistics from US News, Penn's most selective programs include its law school, the health care schools (medicine, dental medicine, nursing) and its business school.
+
Penn's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences is generally regarded as one of the top schools in the nation
  
−
As demonstrated by Lexington in his article "Poison Ivy" in the September 21, 2006 issue of The Economist, Penn has been the center of much controversy over its admissions, as it is notorious for turning a blind eye to the standard criteria for admission (SAT scores, transcript data, etc.) for the children of the privileged, rich elite. Despite little effort on their part, these students are all but guaranteed a place at Penn. But, for those without money or connections, the application process is very selective, as many qualified students are rejected each year. [http://economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_SJQVRVR&CFID=105784150&CFTOKEN=386a67e-f878444a-4d1d-40d2-bf04-7fa828258907]
+
Among its professional schools, the schools of business ([[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania|Wharton School]]), architecture and urban planning (School of Design), communications ([[Annenberg School for Communication]]), medicine ([[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine|School of Medicine]]), dentistry, nursing and veterinary medicine rank in the top five nationally (see ''U.S. News,'' [[National Research Council]], ''Planetizen,'' ''DesignIntelligence'' magazines). Penn's [[University of Pennsylvania Law School|law school]] is ranked sixth and the social work and education schools are ranked in the top twelve (U.S. News).
  
 
===Joint-degree and interdisciplinary programs===
 
===Joint-degree and interdisciplinary programs===
 
Penn offers specialized joint-degree programs, which award candidates degrees from multiple schools at the University upon completion of graduation criteria of both schools. Undergraduate programs include:
 
Penn offers specialized joint-degree programs, which award candidates degrees from multiple schools at the University upon completion of graduation criteria of both schools. Undergraduate programs include:
  
 +
* [[The Jerome Fisher Program in Management and Technology]]
 
* [[The Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business]]
 
* [[The Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business]]
−
* [[The Jerome Fisher Program in Management and Technology]]
 
 
* [[Nursing and Health Care Management]]
 
* [[Nursing and Health Care Management]]
−
* [http://www.upenn.edu/lsm/ The Roy and Diana Vagelos Program in Life Sciences & Management]
+
* [[Vagelos Program in Life Sciences and Management|The Roy and Diana Vagelos Program in Life Sciences and Management]]
−
* Civic Scholars Program [http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/article.php?id=1056]
+
* Civic Scholars Program
  
−
Dual Degree programs which lead to the same multiple degrees without participation in the specific above programs are also available. Unlike joint-degree programs, "dual degree" students fulfill requirements of both programs independently without involvemnt of another program. Specialized Dual Degree programs include [[Liberal Studies and Technology]] as well as a Computer and Cognitive Science Program. Both programs award a degree from the College of Arts and Science and a degree from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.  
+
Dual Degree programs which lead to the same multiple degrees without participation in the specific above programs are also available. Unlike joint-degree programs, "dual degree" students fulfill requirements of both programs independently without involvement of another program. Specialized Dual Degree programs include [[Liberal Studies and Technology]] as well as a Computer and Cognitive Science Program. Both programs award a degree from the College of Arts and Science and a degree from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.  
  
 
For graduate programs, there are many formalized joint degree graduate programs such as a joint J.D./MBA. Penn is also the home to interdisciplinary institutions such as the Institute for Medicine and Engineering, the Joseph H. Lauder Institute for Management and International Studies, the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and the Executive Master's in Technology Management Program.
 
For graduate programs, there are many formalized joint degree graduate programs such as a joint J.D./MBA. Penn is also the home to interdisciplinary institutions such as the Institute for Medicine and Engineering, the Joseph H. Lauder Institute for Management and International Studies, the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and the Executive Master's in Technology Management Program.
  
 
===Academic Medical Center and Biomedical Research Complex===
 
===Academic Medical Center and Biomedical Research Complex===
−
Penn's health-related programs - including the Schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, Nursing and Veterinary Medicine, and programs in bioengineering (School of Engineering) and health management (the Wharton School) - are among the university's strongest academic components. The combination of intellectual breadth, research funding (each of the health sciences schools ranks in the top 5 in annual NIH funding), clinical resources and overall scale ranks Penn with only a small handful of peer universities in the U.S.  
+
Penn's health-related programs - including the Schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, Nursing and Veterinary Medicine, and programs in bioengineering (School of Engineering) and health management (the Wharton School) - are among the university's strongest academic components. The combination of intellectual breadth, research funding (each of the health sciences schools ranks in the top 5 in annual NIH funding), clinical resources and overall scale ranks Penn with only a small handful of peer universities in the U.S.  
  
−
The size of Penn's biomedical research organization, however, adds a very capital intensive component to the university's operations, and introduces revenue instability due to changing government regulations, reduced Federal funding for research, and [[Medicaid]]/[[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] program changes. This is a primary reason highlighted in bond rating agencies' views on Penn's overall financial rating, which ranks one notch below its academic peers. Penn has worked to address these issues by pooling its schools (as well as several hospitals and clinical practices) into the University of Pennsylvania Health System, thereby pooling resources for greater efficiencies and research impact.
+
The size of Penn's biomedical research organization, however, adds a very capital intensive component to the university's operations, and introduces revenue instability due to changing government regulations, reduced Federal funding for research, and [[Medicaid]]/[[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] program changes. This is a primary reason highlighted in bond rating agencies' views on Penn's overall financial rating, which ranks one notch below its academic peers. Penn has worked to address these issues by pooling its schools (as well as several hospitals and clinical practices) into the University of Pennsylvania Health System, thereby pooling resources for greater efficiencies and research impact.
  
−
==Campus==
+
==Student life==
−
[[Image:Foliage at Penn 2005 035.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Overlooking Lower Quad from Upper Quad]]
+
[[Image:Winter Penn 010.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Locust Walk lit up during the winter season]]
−
Much of Penn's architecture was designed by [[Cope & Stewardson]]. The two architects combined the [[Gothic architecture]] of the [[University of Oxford]] and the [[University of Cambridge]] - retaining some of their classical elements - with the local landscape to establish the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Collegiate Gothic]] style. The present core campus covers over 269 acres (~1 km²) in a contiguous area of western Philadelphia's [[University City]] district. All of Penn's schools and most of its research institutes are located on this campus. Recent improvements to the surrounding neighborhood includes the opening of several restaurants, a large upscale grocery store, and a movie theater on the western edge of campus.
+
[[Image:TheCastle.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The Castle on 36th and Locust.]]
 +
The [[Philomathean Society of the University of Pennsylvania]], founded in 1813, is the oldest continually-existing student group in the United States. The ''[[Daily Pennsylvanian]]'' has been published since 1885, and is among the top college papers in the country, regularly winning [[National Pacemaker Awards|Pacemaker]] and [[Columbia Scholastic Press Association|CSPA]] [[Gold Circle]] awards. The [[Pennsylvania Punch Bowl]] is one of the nation's oldest humor magazines. The student-run TV station UTV13 is the oldest college TV station in the country. The [[University of Pennsylvania Glee Club]] is one of the oldest continually-operating collegiate choruses in the United States, having been founded in 1862.  The [[Mask and Wig|Mask and Wig Club]] is the oldest all-male musical comedy troupe in the country.  
  
−
Penn recently acquired approximately 35 acres of land located between the campus and the Schuylkill River (the former site of the [[Philadelphia Civic Center]] and a nearby 24-acre site owned by the [[USPS|US Postal Service]]), which will be redeveloped for expanded educational, research, biomedical, and mixed-use facilities over the next ten years.[[Image:UQG.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Upper Quad Gate.]]
+
The University's Political Science Department is known for publishing a semesterly scholarly journal of undergraduate research called "Sound Politicks." The journal is student-run and is widely noted for the originality and quality of the articles it publishes. It accepts submissions from Penn students year round. There are many such journals across the university.
  
−
The postal site extends from Market Street on the north to Penn’s Bower Field on the south. It encompasses the main U.S. Postal Building at 30th and Market Streets (the retail post office at the east end of the bulding will remain open), the Postal Annex between Chestnut Street and Walnut Street, the Vehicle Maintenance Facility Garage along Chestnut Street and the 14 acres of surface parking south of Walnut Street. Acquisition of the Postal Lands, which will become official in 2007, will allow Penn to create new connections between the campus and the city, including a pedestrian bridge, and provide additional space for research, teaching, housing and retail.
+
[[The University of Pennsylvania Band]] has been a fixture of student life on campus since 1897. The Penn Band performs at football and basketball games as well as University functions throughout the year and has a current membership of approximately 80 students.
  
−
In addition to its properties in [[West Philadelphia]], the University owns the 92 acre [[Morris Arboretum]] in [[Chestnut Hill]] in northwestern [[Philadelphia]], the official arboretum of the state of [[Pennsylvania]].  Penn also owns the 687 acre New Bolton Center, the research and large-animal health care center of its Veterinary School. New Bolton Center received nationwide media attention when [[Kentucky Derby]] winner [[Barbaro]] underwent surgery at its Widener Hospital for multiple fractures to his right hind leg, suffered while running in the [[Preakness Stakes]] on May 20, [[2006]]. It is located near [[Kennett Square, Pennsylvania]].
+
===Athletics===
 +
[[Image:FranklinFieldPenn.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Franklin Field]]
 +
The first athletic team at Penn was its cricket team.<ref>John Kieran, "Sports of the Times," ''The New York Times,'' Oct. 8, 1932, 22.</ref> In the sport of football, "Penn first fielded a team against Princeton at the [[Germantown Cricket Club]] in [[Philadelphia]] on November 11, 1876.<ref>Dan Rottenberg. ''Fight On, Pennsylvania.'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985), 25.</ref>
  
−
Penn borders [[Drexel University]] and is near the [[University of the Sciences in Philadelphia]] (USP). Also nearby is the [[University City High School]].
+
Penn's sports teams are called the Quakers. They participate in the [[Ivy League]] and [[Division I]] (Division I FCS for football) in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]. In recent decades they often have been league champions in football (12 times from 1982 to 2003) and basketball (22 times from 1970 to 2006). Penn football made many contributions to the sport in its early days. During the 1890s Penn's famed coach George Woodruff introduced the quarternick kick, a forerunner of the forward pass, as well as the place-kick from scrimmage and the delayed pass. In 1894, 1895, 1897 and 1904 Penn was generally regarded the national champion of collegiate football.<ref>Rottenberg, 28, 33–34.</ref> The achievements of two of Penn's outstanding players from that era—[[John Heisman]] and [[John Outland]]—are remembered each year with the presentation of the [[Heisman Trophy]] to the most outstanding college football player of the year and the [[Outland Trophy]] to the most outstanding college football interior lineman of the year.
  
−
===Libraries===
+
[[Penn Quakers men's basketball|Penn basketball]] is steeped in tradition. Penn made its only (and the [[Ivy League]]'s second) [[Final Four]] appearance in 1979, where the Quakers lost to the [[Magic Johnson]]-led Michigan State Spartans in Salt Lake City. (Dartmouth twice finished second in the tournament in the 1940s, but that was before the beginning of formal League play). Penn is also is one of the teams in the [[Philadelphia Big 5|Big Five]], along with [[La Salle]], [[Saint Joseph's]], [[Temple University|Temple]] and [[Villanova]].
−
Penn's library began in [[1750]] with a donation of books from cartographer [[Louis Evans]]. Twelve years later, then-provost [[William Smith]] sailed to England to raise additional funds to increase the collection size. More than 250 years later, it has grown into a system of 15 libraries (13 are on the contiguous campus) with 400 FTE employees and a total operating budget of more than $48 million. The library system holds 5.7 million book and serial volumes. It subscribes to 44,000 print serials and e-journals.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://metrics.library.upenn.edu/prototype/datafarm/| title=Penn Library Data Farm| accessdate=2006-04-29}}</ref>
+
[[Image:The Palestra.JPG|thumb|250px|left|The Palestra, "Cathedral of Basketball"]]
  
−
Penn's Libraries, with associated school or subject area:
+
Penn's home court, the [[Palestra]], is an arena used for [[Big Five]] contests as well as high-school sporting events. The Palestra has hosted more NCAA Tournament basketball games than any other facility. [[Franklin Field]], where the Quakers play football, hosts the annual collegiate [[track and field]] event "the [[Penn Relays]]," and once was the home field of the [[National Football League|National Football League's]] [[Philadelphia Eagles]]. It was also the site of the early [[Army-Navy Game|Army-Navy]] football games. Franklin Field, the oldest stadium still operating for football games, was also the home to the first commercially-televised football game, and was also the first stadium to sport two tiers. n 2004, Penn Men's Rugby won the [[EPRU]] championship. In 2007, the Men's Basketball team won their third consecutive Ivy League title, then lost in the first round of the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] to Texas A&M.
−
*Annenberg (School of Communications)
 
−
*Biddle (Law)
 
−
*Biomedical
 
−
*Center for Advanced Judaic Studies
 
−
*Chemistry
 
−
*Dental
 
−
*Engineering
 
−
*Fine Arts
 
−
*Lippincott (Wharton School)
 
−
*Math/Physics/Astronomy
 
−
*Museum (Anthropology)
 
−
*Rare Books and Manuscripts
 
−
*Van Pelt (Humanities and Social Sciences)
 
−
*Veterinary
 
−
*High Density Storage
 
−
 
 
−
===The University Museum===
 
−
{{main|University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology}}
 
−
The University Museum, as it is commonly called, was founded in 1887. During the early twentieth century UPM conducted some of the first and most important archaeological and anthropological expeditions to Egypt, Mesopotamia, Africa, East Asia and South America, thus the collection includes a very large number of antiquities from ancient Egypt and the Middle East. Its most famous object is the  goat rearing into the branches of a rosette-leafed plant, from the [[Ur III|royal tombs of Ur]]. The Museum also has a strong collection of Chinese artifacts.  Features of its [[Beaux-Arts]] building include a dramatic [[rotunda]] and gardens that include Egyptian [[papyrus]].  UPM's scientific division, [[MASCA]], focuses on the application of modern scientific techniques to aid the interpretation of archaeological contexts.
 
−
 
−
The '''Institute of Contemporary Art''' based on Penn's campus showcases various exhibitions of art throughout the year.
 
−
 
 
−
==Community and environment==
 
−
[[Image:Skyline of Phildelphia.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A typical view of the [[Philadelphia]] Skyline seen from one of the three high rise dormitories.]] About 39.2 percent of those accepted for admission to the Class of 2009 are Asian, Hispanic, African, or Native American. Women comprise 51.3 percent of all students currently enrolled. A total of 2,440 international students applied for admission to Penn's undergraduate schools for the Class of 2008, and 489 (20%) were accepted. More than 13% of the first year class are international students. Of the international students accepted to the Class of 2008, 15.8% were from Africa and the Middle East, 48.1% from Asia, 0.4% from Australia and the Pacific, 11.7% from Canada and Mexico, 10% from Central/South America and the Caribbean, and 14.1% from Europe. Penn had 4,192 international students enrolled at all levels in Fall 2004.
 
−
 
 
−
[[Image:Winter Penn 010.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Locust Walk lit up during the winter season]]Performing arts groups include [[The University of Pennsylvania Band]], one of the oldest [[scramble band]]s in the country; there are also numerous student-run theatre groups, including unique groups like the long-running Pennsylvania Players, the ever-intriguing [[iNtuitons Experimental Theatre]], and the socially-relevant Front Row Theatre Company. Singing groups include the [[a cappella]] jazz ([[Counterparts (band)|Counterparts]], the all-male [[Chord on Blues]]); the traditional [[PennSix (band)|PennSix]]; [[Pennchants]]; [[Off the Beat]]; [[Penn Masala]]&mdash;a Hindi group which has received global acclaim; and [[The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club]] and its small group, the [[Penn Pipers]], founded in 1862, one of the oldest continually-performing collegiate performance group in the United States. [[Penn Singers]] is one of the premier collegiate [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] societies in the world, and remains under the direction of [[Bruce Montgomery (entertainer)|Bruce Montgomery]], a leading figure in the Philadelphia performing community.  The [[Philomathean Society]], Penn's student literary society, was founded in 1813 and is the oldest continuously-existing collegiate literary society in the [[United States]]. [[Mask and Wig]], founded in 1889, is the oldest all-male collegiate musical comedy troupe in the nation.
 
−
 
 
−
The ''[[Daily Pennsylvanian]]'' has been published since 1885, and is among the top college papers in the country, regularly winning [[National Pacemaker Awards|Pacemaker]] and [[Columbia Scholastic Press Association|CSPA]] [[Gold Circle]] awards. The [[Pennsylvania Punch Bowl]] is one of the nation's oldest humor magazines. The University's Political Science Department is known for publishing a semesterly scholarly journal of undergraduate research called "Sound Politicks." The journal is student-run and is widely noted for the originality and quality of the articles it publishes. It accepts submissions from Penn students year round. There are many such journals across the university.
 
−
 
 
−
==Athletics==
 
−
The first athletic team at Penn was a cricket team. <ref>Kieran, John (1932), "Sports of the Times," The [[New York Times]], Oct. 8, 1932, p. 22.</ref> In the sport of football, "Penn first fielded a team against Princeton at the [[Germantown Cricket Club]] in [[Philadelphia]] on November 11, [[1876]]." <ref>[[Rottenberg, Dan]] (1985) "Fight On, Pennsylvania" Trustees of University of Pennsylvania pg. 25.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
Penn's sports teams are called the Quakers. They participate in the [[Ivy League]] and [[Division I]] (Division I-AA for football) in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]]. In recent decades they often have been league champions in football (12 times from [[1982]] to [[2003]]) and basketball (22 times from [[1970]] to [[2006]]). Penn football made many contributions to the sport in its early days. During the 1890s Penn's famed coach George Woodruff introduced the quarternick kick, a forerunner of the forward pass, as well as the place-kick from scrimmage and the delayed pass. In 1894, 1895, 1897 and 1904 Penn was generally regarded the national champion of collegiate football.<ref>[[Rottenberg, Dan]] (1985) "Fight On, Pennsylvania" Trustees of University of Pennsylvania pg. 28, 33-34.</ref> The achievements of two of Penn's outstanding players from that era — [[John Heisman]] and [[John Outland]] — are remembered each year with the presentation of the [[Heisman Trophy]] to the most outstanding college football player of the year and the [[Outland Trophy]] to the most outstanding college football interior lineman of the year.[[Image:FranklinFieldPenn.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Franklin Field]]
 
−
 
 
−
In basketball, Penn made its only (and the [[Ivy League]]'s second) [[Final Four]] appearance in 1979, where the Quakers lost to the [[Magic Johnson]]-led Michigan State Spartans in Salt Lake City. (Dartmouth twice finished second in the tournament in the 1940's, but that was before the beginning of formal League play).  Penn is also is one of the teams in the [[Philadelphia Big 5|Big Five]], along with [[La Salle]], [[Saint Joseph's]], [[Temple]] and [[Villanova]].
 
−
 
 
−
Penn's home court, the [[Palestra]], is an arena used for [[Big Five]] contests as well as high-school sporting events. The [[Palestra]] has hosted more NCAA Tournament basketball games than any other facility. [[Franklin Field]], where the Quakers play football, hosts the annual collegiate [[track and field]] event "the [[Penn Relays]]," and once was the home field of the [[National Football League|National Football League's]] [[Philadelphia Eagles]]. It was also the site of the early [[Army-Navy Game|Army-Navy]] football games. [[Franklin Field]], the oldest stadium still operating for football games, was also the home to the first commercially-televised football game, and was also the first stadium to sport two tiers. In 2004, Penn Men's Rugby won the [[EPRU]] championship. In 2006, the Quakers lost in the first round of the Men's Basketball NCAA Tournament to the Texas Longhorns.
 
−
 
 
−
==Traditions==
 
−
===Toast throwing===
 
−
 
 
−
As a sign of school pride, crowds of Quaker fans perform a unique ritual. After the third quarter of football games, spirited onlookers unite in the singing of "Drink a Highball." In years long past, students would literally make a toast to the success of Penn's athletic teams. During Prohibition, stubborn students insisted on keeping their tradition - since they could not use alcohol, they had no choice but to literally "toast" Penn. As the last line, "Here's a toast to dear old Penn," is sung, the fans send toast hurling through the air onto the sidelines. In another version of the origins of toast throwing, in 1977, current [[The University of Pennsylvania Band|band]] leader and then drum major, Greer Cheeseman threw the first slice of toast after being inspired while attending a showing of [[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]] where members of the audience throw toast at the screen.  In more recent years, some students have become more creative in their choice of projectiles, and it is not rare to see a hail of bagels or donuts, or even a loaf of French bread come flying down from the stands.<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/current/2005/092205/record.html For The Record: Toast-Throwing Tradition]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
The athletics department has purchased several industrial street sweepers built by Tenant Inc. The latest is a 6400 Rider Sweeper used for cleaning the concourses and track area of the stadium.{{citation needed}} The sweeper is often called the "toast [[Zamboni]]".<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/current/2003/111303/atwork.html ]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
===Econ Scream===
 
−
At midnight on the eve of the first Microeconomics 001 midterm exam, hundreds of students (predominantly freshmen) try to release stress by participating in a collective shout on the Junior Balcony of the Lower Quadrangle.<ref>[http://undergrad.wharton.upenn.edu/class2009/wharton_lingo.cfm Wharton lingo]; [http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~transfer/trad.html Wharton traditions]</ref> Each year there are a number of students that streak throughout the quad.
 
−
 
 
−
===Goal post tossing===
 
−
In past years, the Penn Quakers have won the Ivy League championship, sending the jubilant fans into a frenzy. In celebration, the fans ripped down the goal posts and tossed them into the Schuylkill River.<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/current/1998/120398/POV.html]</ref>  This tradition has most likely ended, as the last attempt to tear down the goalposts failed in 2003 as a result of a concrete footing that made efforts to topple them futile.
 
−
 
 
−
===Class Day and Hey Day===
 
−
[[Image:Hey Day 2006.jpg|thumb|250px|left|A scene from the finale of Hey Day for Class of 2006]][[Image:HeyDayPenn.jpg|thumb|180px|right|The Class of 2007's Hey Day on Locust Walk]]
 
−
In April, several class traditions are celebrated. Class Day, which began in 1865 to supplement the final graduation exercises, celebrates the progression of all classes and the departure of the seniors. In 1916, this day merged with Straw Hat Day and became the "day of two events." In 1931, Hey Day arose from these two celebrations. On this day, the juniors gather on Hill Field for a picnic, don straw "skimmers" and canes, and march triumphantly through campus.
 
−
 
 
−
The procession tradition began in 1949. More recently, the straw skimmers have changed to styrofoam hats, and classmates take bites out of one another's hats until they fall apart. Within the last five years, it has become a tradition for the current senior class to "haze" the juniors while they march, pelting with a variety of food and condiments, including maple syrup, eggs, and flour. When the procession reaches College Hall, the students make an arch with their canes to greet the President of the University. The outgoing and incoming senior class presidents then give speeches, and the juniors are "officially" declared seniors.  Due to injuries sustained during this tradition and the cost of cleaning the walk afterwards, the university has aimed to downplay the hazing for Hey Day but has been haplessly unsuccessful and has recently discussed cancelling the tradition outright.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/traditions/heyday/entry.html|publisher=University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania| title=Hey Day - A Penn Student Tradition| accessdate=2006-06-28}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
===Ivy Day===
 
−
One plants ivy by a building, and an "Ivy Stone" is placed on the building to commemorate the occasion. In 1981, the day was officially moved to the Saturday before Commencement. Also on this day, the prestigious Spoon, Bowl, Cane, and Spade awards are given, honoring four senior men; and the Hottel, Harnwell, Goddard, and Brownlee awards are presented to honor four senior women. During the celebration, a noted individual who is chosen by the class gives an address. Recent Ivy Day addresses have been presented by Penn Parent [[Joan Rivers]], former Philadelphia Mayor and current Governor of Pennsylvania [[Ed Rendell]], and basketball player [[Julius Erving]].
 
−
[[Image:commencement250.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Penn's 250th Commencement.]]
 
−
The building receiving the Ivy Stone is very often a building of some significance to the graduating class.  For example, in 1983, a stone was placed near the field in [[Franklin Field]] celebrating Penn's first Ivy League championship in football since 1959 the previous fall—at the yard line from which the game-winning field goal against Harvard was kicked, clinching at least a share of the championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/pennhistory/ivystones/ivystones.ica.html| publisher=The Institute of Contemporary Art | title=ICA Ivy Stone Brochure| accessdate=2006-06-28}}</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
==="The Red and Blue"===
 
−
Penn students have a school anthem (not to be confused with alma mater), [http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~pennband/pennsongs.html "The Red and Blue (lyrics)."] The official alma mater of the university is "Hail Pennsylvania" (also in the link).
 
−
 
 
−
===The Compass===
 
−
Penn freshmen avoid stepping over the tiled compass on the scenic Locust Walk before their first midterms. Supposedly, the compass serves to guide freshmen through their first year; stepping on it will put a student in danger of failing midterms.[http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/vnews/display.v/ART/3f8e3841c30eb?in_archive=1]
 
−
 
 
−
===[[The Button]]===
 
−
It is an oft-proclaimed goal of Penn undergraduates to have sex underneath the [[Claes Oldenburg]] sculpture of a large split-button in front of the Van Pelt-Dietrich Library sometime before they graduate. [http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/vnews/display.v/ART/3dbfa224e12fc?in_archive=1]
 
−
<!-- Dead Link —>
 
−
 
 
−
===Spring Fling===
 
−
Spring Fling is an annual festival for the students at the end of each Spring semester, usually beginning on the Thursday of the second to last week of the semester and continuing until Sunday.  The event takes place on Hill Field, College Green, Wynn Commons and The Quad. The Quad becomes a staging area for carnival games and carnival food. Two stages in the Quad host Penn's performing arts groups.  Friday night, Penn holds a festival on College Green, and Saturday night SPEC (The Social Planning and Events Committee) brings in a headlining musical act for a concert.  Recent guests for this concert have included [[Wyclef Jean]], [[Busta Rhymes]], [[Sonic Youth]], and [[Of a Revolution]]. [http://specevents.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=49&Itemid=74]
 
  
 
==Notable people==
 
==Notable people==
−
{{see also|List of University of Pennsylvania people}}
 
−
 
−
Some noted University of Pennsylvania alumni include the ninth President of the United States, [[William Henry Harrison]],<ref>William Henry Harrison, Ohio History Central Online Encyclopedia[http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=190]: "At his father’s insistence, [he] studied medicine from 1790 to 1791 at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Upon his father’s death in 1791, Harrison immediately joined the United States Army."</ref>  real estate mogul [[Donald Trump]], [[Cisco Systems]] co-founder [[Len Bosack]],  linguist and activist [[Noam Chomsky]],  American industralist [[Jon Huntsman]], civil rights attorney [[Gloria Allred]], philanthropist [[Walter Annenberg]], [[E. Digby Baltzell]] who is credited with the popularization of the acronym [[WASP]], CEO and investor [[Warren Buffett]], [[U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[William J. Brennan]] and numerous other past and present U.S. Ambassadors, members of congress, governors, cabinet members, and corporate leaders.
 
  
−
==Faculty==
+
Some noted University of Pennsylvania alumni include the ninth President of the United States, [[William Henry Harrison]],<ref>''Ohio History Central Online Encyclopedia'' [http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=190 William Henry Harrison]: "At his father’s insistence, [he] studied medicine from 1790 to 1791 at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Upon his father’s death in 1791, Harrison immediately joined the United States Army." Retrieved October 11, 2007.</ref> real estate mogul [[Donald Trump]], CEO and investor [[Warren Buffett]],(attended for a year before transferring to the University of Nebraska), [[Cisco Systems]] co-founder [[Len Bosack]], [[linguistics|linguist]] and activist [[Noam Chomsky]], American industrialist [[Jon Huntsman]], [[philanthropist]] [[Walter Annenberg]], [[E. Digby Baltzell]] who is credited with the popularization of the acronym [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|WASP]], [[U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[William J. Brennan]], [[Drew Gilpin Faust]], president of [[Harvard University]], and numerous other past and present U.S. Ambassadors, members of congress, governors, cabinet members, and corporate leaders.
  
−
Penn has had several famous faculty members in its history including noted American composers [[George Crumb]], [[George Rochberg]] & Richard Wernick.
 
−
 
−
==Controversy==
 
−
The university has come under fire several times for free speech issues. In spite of this, Penn is one of only two Ivy League universities (the other being [[Dartmouth College]]) to receive the highest possible free speech rating from the watchdog group [[Foundation for Individual Rights in Education]], incidentally founded by noted Penn Professor and civil libertarian [[Alan Charles Kors]].
 
−
 
−
===Water buffalo incident===
 
−
The 1993 [[Water buffalo incident]] concerned a Penn student who was charged with violating Penn's racial harassment policy for shouting "Shut up, you water buffalo" from his dorm window to a crowd of noisy, mostly-black sorority sisters. Dispute raged over whether or not "water buffalo" was a racial epithet and also whether the university ought to prohibit racially offensive speech. After national media attention, including a [[Doonesbury]] cartoon, the women agreed to drop charges.
 
−
 
−
===Photography and the First Amendment===
 
−
In the fall semester of 2005, two University of Pennsylvania undergraduate students were unknowingly photographed as they had sex against one of the windows of a sixteenth floor dorm room in Rodin College House (at the time called Hamilton College House).  The photographer, who shot the photos from Harrison College House, was another University of Pennsylvania undergraduate student and the photos he shot were posted on the web.  The story was picked up by the local and national media and the controversial photograph was published in the [[Daily Pennsylvanian]] and other local newspapers.  Penn originally intended to press charges against the photographer through the Office of Student Conduct, and the photographed student threatened to sue {{fact}}.  With the assistance of Professor [[Alan Kors]] all charges were eventually dropped.  The event sparked heated debate over [[First Amendment]] rights and how the private university would respond in light of its own declared commitment to the rights of its students and faculty.[http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/vnews/display.v/ART/438eafe15413c?in_archive=1]
 
−
 
−
===Halloween incident===
 
−
On October 31, 2006, a student attended president Amy Gutmann's annual Halloween Party dressed as a suicide bomber. Gutmann claims that she unknowingly posed for pictures with the student. She has received harsh criticism for this act, spurring a debate among Penn alumni regarding whether or not Gutmann's actions were acceptable.<ref>Daily Pennsylvanian story http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/2006/11/03/News/Controversy.Erupts.Over.Student.In.Terror.Garb-2437964.shtml?norewrite200611161140&sourcedomain=www.dailypennsylvanian.com</ref>
 
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
−
==See also==
+
==References==
−
*[[Moore School of Engineering]]
+
* Cheyney, Edward Potts. ''History of the University of Pennsylvania 1740–1940.'' Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940; reprint edition, Arno Press, 1977, 978-0405100208
−
*[[Wistar Institute]]
+
* Hutchins, Amey. ''University of Pennsylvania.'' Arcadia Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0738535222
−
*[[Wharton School]]
+
* Pezzait, Alessandro. ''Adventures in Photography: Expeditions of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.'' University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications, 2002, ISBN 1931707413
−
*[[University of Pennsylvania Law School]]
+
* Rottenburg, Dan. ''Fight on, Pennsylvania: A century of red and blue football.'' Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
−
*[[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology]]
+
* Thomas, George. ''Building America's First University: An Historical and Architectural Guide to the University of Pennsylvania.'' Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000, ISBN 0812235150
−
*[[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine]]
+
 
−
*[[Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia]]
+
==Gallery==
−
*[[Ivy League]]
+
<gallery>
−
*[[Philomathean Society]], the nation's oldest continually-existing literary society
+
Image:UPennQuad006.jpg|The Quad Dormitories
−
*[[WQHS]] radio, the student-run campus radio station
+
Image:TheQuadToweratPenn.JPG|The Quad Tower
−
*[[WXPN]], a public radio station located on campus, and the home of [[NPR]]'s [[World Cafe]]
+
Image:TheCastleatPenn.JPG|The Castle
−
*General Robotics Automation Sensing and Perception Lab ([[GRASP Lab]]), a leading research center for robotics and related technologies
+
Image:FurnessLibraryInner.JPG|The Furness Library
 +
Image:WoodlandQuadUpper.JPG|The Quad Dormitories
 +
Image:WareQuadStairMcC.JPG|The Quad Dormitories
 +
Image:ReipeCollegeHouse.JPG|Riepe College House
 +
Image:EngineeringBuildingatPenn.JPG|Hayden Hall
 +
Image:PennLawSchoolA.jpg|Law School
 +
Image:Irvine.JPG|Irvine Auditorium
 +
Image:Silverman_Hall_(School_of_Law).JPG|Silverman Hall, Penn Law School
 +
Image:Penn campus 6.jpg|High-rise dorms, St. Mary's church in the foreground
 +
Image:Penn campus 8.jpg|Exterior of the Fisher Fine Arts Library
 +
</gallery>
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
−
{{commonscat|University of Pennsylvania}}
+
All links retrieved May 3, 2023.
−
===About===
+
 
−
*[http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=39951144&x=-75194281&z=15&l=0&m=s Satellite view of University of Pennsylvania at WikiMapia]
 
 
*[http://www.upenn.edu/ University of Pennsylvania's website]
 
*[http://www.upenn.edu/ University of Pennsylvania's website]
−
*[http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/ Office of University Communications]
+
*[http://dailypennsylvanian.com Daily Pennsylvanian] - The independent, student-run newspaper of the University of Pennsylvania
−
*[http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/researchatpenn/ Research at Penn] (''Research news and resources'')
 
−
*[http://www.arts.upenn.edu/ Arts at Penn] (''Event listings and venue information'')
 
−
*[http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/pennhistory/pennhistory.html Penn History and Traditions] (''via Penn Library'')
 
−
*[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/entry.html Histories of Penn] (''via Penn Archives'')
 
−
*[http://www.earlypenn.com Penn alumni Forging 50 States]
 
−
*[http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0902/thomas.html Building Penn's Brand] (''Pennsylvania Gazette'') Background on the trustees' reasons for "re-dating [Penn's] founding from 1749 to 1740" in 1899. 
 
−
*[http://www.shadowuniv.com/excerpts-wb1.html The Water Buffalo Incident] (''book excerpt'')
 
−
{{Geolinks-US-streetscale|39.953885|-75.193048}}
 
−
 
 
−
===Selected campus organizations===
 
−
*[http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~apo/ Alpha Phi Omega] (''Penn's only co-ed community service fraternity'')
 
−
*[http://specevents.net/ SPEC] (''Social Planning and Events Committee'']
 
−
*[http://www.pennsingers.com/ Penn Singers] (''light opera company, which performs a G&S operetta each spring'')
 
−
*[http://www.vpul.upenn.edu/osl/orgmain.html Penn Student Groups homepages]
 
−
*[http://www.pennband.net/ The Penn Band]
 
−
*[http://www.upenn-dsp.org/ Delta Sigma Pi] (''The Wharton School's premier business fraternity'')
 
−
*[http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~akdphi/ alpha Kappa Delta Phi] (''Penn's & the nation's 1st Asian Interest Sorority'')]
 
−
*[http://www.penngleeclub.com/ The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club]
 
−
*[http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/ The Daily Pennsylvanian] (''student run campus newspaper'')
 
−
*[http://www.maskandwig.com/ The Mask And Wig Club] (''sketch comedy'')
 
−
*[http://www.philomathean.org/ Philomathean Society of the University of Pennsylvania] (''literary society'')
 
−
*[http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~pbowl/ Pennsylvania Punch Bowl] (''humor magazine'')
 
−
*[http://www.fels.upenn.edu/ Fels Institute of Government]
 
−
*[http://www.stwing.org/ STWing, Science and Technology Wing of the University of Pennsylvania]
 
−
 
 
−
===Data sources===
 
−
*[http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/ The Penn World Table] - Heston and Summers' Purchasing Power Parity charts
 
  
−
==Selected Penn Publications==
+
{{Ivy League}}
−
*[http://www.pennscience.org/ PennScience, the undergraduate science research journal]
+
{{Association of American Universities}}
−
*[http://writing.upenn.edu/critical/res/ Res, the undergraduate journal of research writing]
 
−
*[http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/polisci/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=28&Itemid=41 Sound Politicks, the undergraduate political science journal]
 
−
* [http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu Penn-Wharton Knowledge Project] - aimed to offer free access to course materials for students, teachers, and self-learners.
 
  
−
+
{{Credits|University_of_Pennsylvania|162846582|}}
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{{Credit1|University_of_Pennsylvania|95291781|}}
 

Latest revision as of 13:08, 3 May 2023


University of Pennsylvania
Collegegreen.jpg
Motto Leges sine moribus vanae (Laws without morals are useless.)
Established 1740[1]
Type Private research university
Location Flag of United States Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA
Website www.upenn.edu

The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn) is a private, coeducational research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the oldest university. Penn is also a member of the Ivy League and is one of the Colonial Colleges.

Benjamin Franklin, Penn's founder, advocated an educational program that focused as much on practical education for commerce and public service as on the classics and theology. Penn was one of the first academic institutions to follow a multidisciplinary model pioneered by several European universities, concentrating several "faculties" (theology, classics, medicine) into one institution.

Benjamin Franklin statue in front of College Hall, the oldest building on the present campus (constructed 1871)

Penn is acknowledged as a leader in the arts and humanities, the social sciences, architecture, communications, and education. The university is one of 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities. Recognized as America's first university, Penn remains today a world-renowned center for the creation and dissemination of knowledge, about our world and ourselves as human beings for the benefit of all.

Mission and Reputation

Logan Hall, home of The College of Arts and Sciences

In 1740, a group of Philadelphians joined together to erect a great preaching hall for the evangelist Rev. George Whitefield. Designed and built by Edmund Woolley, it was the largest building in the city and it was also planned to serve as a charity school. The fundraising, however, fell short and although the building was erected, the plans for both a chapel and the charity school were suspended. In the fall of 1749, eager to create a college to educate future generations, Benjamin Franklin circulated a pamphlet titled "Proposals for the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania," his vision for what he called a "Publick Academy of Philadelphia."[2] However, according to Franklin's autobiography, it was in 1743 when he first drew up a proposal for establishing the academy, "thinking the Rev. Richard Peters a fit person to superintend such an institution." Unlike the other three American Colonial colleges that existed at the time—Harvard, William and Mary, and Yale—Franklin's new school would not focus merely on education for the clergy. He advocated an innovative concept of higher education, one which would teach both the ornamental knowledge of the arts and the practical skills necessary for making a living and doing public service. The proposed program of study became the nation's first modern liberal arts curriculum.

Today, Penn is one of the most selective universities in the country at all levels of higher education. Of particular note are its law school, health care schools, and business school. President Amy Gutmann notes:

For more than two centuries, the University of Pennsylvania has been committed to excellence in scholarship, research and service. … Penn takes pride in being a place where students and faculty can pursue knowledge without boundaries, a place where theory and practice combine to produce a better understanding of our world and ourselves.[3]

History

Benjamin Franklin Statue, in front of College Hall

The University was officially founded in 1755 by Benjamin Franklin. Franklin assembled a board of trustees from among the leading citizens of Philadelphia, the first such non-sectarian board in America. At the first meeting of the 24 members of the Board of Trustees (November 13, 1749) the issue of where to locate the school was a prime concern. Although a lot across Sixth Street from Independence Hall was offered without cost by James Logan, its owner, the Trustees realized that the building erected in 1740, which was still vacant, would be an even better site. On February 1, 1750 the new board took over the building and trusts of the old board. In 1751 the Academy, using the great hall at 4th and Arch Streets, took in its first students. A charity school also was opened in accordance with the intentions of the original "New Building" donors, although it lasted only a few years.

Quad in the Fall, facing Ware College House

For its date of founding, the University uses 1740, the date of "the creation of the earliest of the many educational trusts the University has taken upon itself"[4] (the charity school mentioned above) during its existence.

The institution was known as the College of Philadelphia from 1755 to 1779. In 1779, not trusting then-provost Rev. William Smith's loyalist tendencies, the revolutionary State Legislature created a University of the State of Pennsylvania.[5] The result was a schism, with Rev. William Smith continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. In 1791 the legislature issued a new charter, merging the two institutions into the University of Pennsylvania with twelve men from each institution on the new board of trustees.[6] These three schools were part of the same institution and were overseen by the same board of Trustees.[7]

Penn has two claims to being the first university in the United States, according to university archive director Mark Frazier Lloyd: founding the first medical school in America in 1765, makes it the first university de facto, while, by virtue of the 1779 charter, "no other American institution of higher learning was named University before Penn."

After being located in downtown Philadelphia for more than a century, the campus was moved across the Schuylkill River to property purchased from the Blockley Almshouse in West Philadelphia in 1872, where it has since remained in an area now known as University City.

Other historical facts of the University of Pennsylvania

One United States president (William Henry Harrison); nine signers of the Declaration of Independence (Benjamin Franklin, James Wilson, Benjamin Rush, George Clymer, Robert Morris, George Ross, Francis Hopkinson, Thomas McKean, and William Paca); eleven signers of the Constitution (Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, James Wilson, Thomas Mifflin, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, Rufus King, Gouverneur Morris, Robert Morris, and Hugh Williamson); and three United States Supreme Court justices (William Brennan, Owen Roberts, and James Wilson) are associated with the University.

Penn's educational innovations include: the nation's first medical school in 1765; the first university teaching hospital in 1874; the Wharton School, the world's first collegiate school of business, in 1881; the first American student union building, Houston Hall, in 1896;[8]; the country's second school of veterinary medicine; and the home of ENIAC, the world's first electronic, large-scale, general-purpose digital computer in 1946. Penn is also home to the oldest Psychology department in North America and where the American Medical Association was founded.[9][10]

Penn is one of the nation's few private universities to be named for the place in which it is located (others include Princeton University, University of Rochester, University of Southern California, Georgetown University, Boston College, Boston University, Syracuse University, University of Dayton, New York University, and the University of Chicago). Because of this, Penn is often confused with the Pennsylvania State University (also known as "Penn State"), a public research university whose main campus is located in the geographic center of Pennsylvania in State College.

Facilities

Overlooking Lower Quad from Upper Quad

Much of Penn's architecture was designed by Cope & Stewardson. The two architects combined the Gothic architecture of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge - retaining some of their classical elements - with the local landscape to establish the Collegiate Gothic style. The present core campus covers over 269 acres (~1 km²) in a contiguous area of western Philadelphia's University City district. All of Penn's schools and most of its research institutes are located on this campus. Recent improvements to the surrounding neighborhood includes the opening of several restaurants, a large upscale grocery store, and a movie theater on the western edge of campus.

Penn also acquired approximately 35 acres of land located between the campus and the Schuylkill River (the former site of the Philadelphia Civic Center and a nearby 24-acre site owned by the United States Postal Service), to be redeveloped for expanded educational, research, biomedical, and mixed-use facilities.

Upper Quad Gate.

In addition to its properties in West Philadelphia, the University owns the 92 acre Morris Arboretum in Chestnut Hill in northwestern Philadelphia, the official arboretum of the state of Pennsylvania. Penn also owns the 687 acre New Bolton Center, the research and large-animal health care center of its Veterinary School. New Bolton Center received nationwide media attention when Kentucky Derby winner Barbaro underwent surgery at its Widener Hospital for multiple fractures to his right hind leg, suffered while running in the Preakness Stakes on May 20, 2006. It is located near Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.

Penn borders Drexel University and is near the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia (USP). Also nearby is the University City High School.

Libraries

Fisher Fine Arts Library, also referred to as the Furness Library or simply the Fine Arts Library

Penn's library began in 1750 with a donation of books from cartographer Louis Evans. Twelve years later, then-provost William Smith sailed to England to raise additional funds to increase the collection size. More than 250 years later, it has grown into a system of 15 libraries (13 are on the contiguous campus) with 400 FTE employees and a total operating budget of more than $48 million. The library system holds 5.7 million book and serial volumes. It subscribes to 44,000 print serials and e-journals.[11]

Penn's Libraries, with associated school or subject area:

  • Annenberg (School of Communications), located in the Annenberg School
  • Biddle (Law), located in the Law School
  • Biomedical, located adjacent to the Robert Wood Johnson Pavilion of the Medical School
  • Center for Advanced Judaic Studies, located on Walnut Street at Washington Square
  • Chemistry, located in the 1973 Wing of the Chemistry Building
  • Dental
  • Engineering
  • Fine Arts, located within the Furness (Fisher Fine Arts) Library
  • Lippincott (Wharton School), located on the second floor of the Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center
  • Math/Physics/Astronomy, located on the third floor of David Rittenhouse Laboratory
  • Museum (Anthropology)
  • Rare Books and Manuscripts
  • Van Pelt-Dietrich Library Center (Humanities and Social Sciences)
  • Lea Library, located within the Van Pelt Library
  • Veterinary
  • High Density Storage

The University Museum

The University Museum, as it is commonly called, was founded in 1887. During the early twentieth century UPM conducted some of the first and most important archaeological and anthropological expeditions to Egypt, Mesopotamia, Africa, East Asia and South America, thus the collection includes a very large number of antiquities from ancient Egypt and the Middle East. Its most famous object is the goat rearing into the branches of a rosette-leafed plant, from the royal tombs of Ur. The Museum also has a strong collection of Chinese artifacts. Features of its Beaux-Arts building include a dramatic rotunda and gardens that include Egyptian papyrus. UPM's scientific division, MASCA, focuses on the application of modern scientific techniques to aid the interpretation of archaeological contexts.

The Institute of Contemporary Art based on Penn's campus, showcases various exhibitions of art throughout the year.

Academics

Undergraduate programs

The University of Pennsylvania has four undergraduate schools:

  • The School of Arts & Sciences
  • The School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS)
  • The School of Nursing
  • The Wharton School

The College of Arts & Sciences is the undergraduate division of the School of Arts and Sciences, which also contains the Graduate Division and the College of General Studies.

Penn has a strong focus on interdisciplinary learning and research. It emphasizes joint degree programs, unique majors and academic flexibility. Penn's One University policy allows undergraduates access to courses at all of Penn's undergraduate and graduate schools, excepting the medical and dental schools. In the humanities and arts, the departments of African American literature, anthropology, art history, biology, communications, demography, English, economics, French, history, political science, psychology, sociology, and Spanish are also extremely well regarded. Particular strengths include business, nursing, engineering, and nanotechnology.

Undergraduate students at Penn may also take courses at area colleges participating in the Quaker consortium, including Swarthmore, Haverford, and Bryn Mawr.

Graduate and professional schools

University of Pennsylvania Dental School

The following schools offer graduate programs:

  • Annenberg School for Communication
  • Graduate School of Education
  • Law School
  • Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
  • School of Dental Medicine
  • School of Design (Formerly the Graduate School of Fine Arts)
  • Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science
  • School of Medicine
  • Graduate School of Nursing
  • School of Social Policy & Practice
  • School of Veterinary Medicine
  • Wharton School

Penn's graduate schools are among the most distinguished schools in their respective fields. Historically, Penn's graduate level programs have ranked higher in their respective academic fields than the overall undergraduate program relative to other colleges. Significant investments in Penn's faculty, in marketing the institution to new students and more aggressive sourcing of research and endowment funds have allowed Penn to maintain the standing of its graduate schools even as the university focused intensively on advancing its undergraduate programs.

Penn's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences is generally regarded as one of the top schools in the nation

Among its professional schools, the schools of business (Wharton School), architecture and urban planning (School of Design), communications (Annenberg School for Communication), medicine (School of Medicine), dentistry, nursing and veterinary medicine rank in the top five nationally (see U.S. News, National Research Council, Planetizen, DesignIntelligence magazines). Penn's law school is ranked sixth and the social work and education schools are ranked in the top twelve (U.S. News).

Joint-degree and interdisciplinary programs

Penn offers specialized joint-degree programs, which award candidates degrees from multiple schools at the University upon completion of graduation criteria of both schools. Undergraduate programs include:

  • The Jerome Fisher Program in Management and Technology
  • The Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business
  • Nursing and Health Care Management
  • The Roy and Diana Vagelos Program in Life Sciences and Management
  • Civic Scholars Program

Dual Degree programs which lead to the same multiple degrees without participation in the specific above programs are also available. Unlike joint-degree programs, "dual degree" students fulfill requirements of both programs independently without involvement of another program. Specialized Dual Degree programs include Liberal Studies and Technology as well as a Computer and Cognitive Science Program. Both programs award a degree from the College of Arts and Science and a degree from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

For graduate programs, there are many formalized joint degree graduate programs such as a joint J.D./MBA. Penn is also the home to interdisciplinary institutions such as the Institute for Medicine and Engineering, the Joseph H. Lauder Institute for Management and International Studies, the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and the Executive Master's in Technology Management Program.

Academic Medical Center and Biomedical Research Complex

Penn's health-related programs - including the Schools of Medicine, Dental Medicine, Nursing and Veterinary Medicine, and programs in bioengineering (School of Engineering) and health management (the Wharton School) - are among the university's strongest academic components. The combination of intellectual breadth, research funding (each of the health sciences schools ranks in the top 5 in annual NIH funding), clinical resources and overall scale ranks Penn with only a small handful of peer universities in the U.S.

The size of Penn's biomedical research organization, however, adds a very capital intensive component to the university's operations, and introduces revenue instability due to changing government regulations, reduced Federal funding for research, and Medicaid/Medicare program changes. This is a primary reason highlighted in bond rating agencies' views on Penn's overall financial rating, which ranks one notch below its academic peers. Penn has worked to address these issues by pooling its schools (as well as several hospitals and clinical practices) into the University of Pennsylvania Health System, thereby pooling resources for greater efficiencies and research impact.

Student life

Locust Walk lit up during the winter season
The Castle on 36th and Locust.

The Philomathean Society of the University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1813, is the oldest continually-existing student group in the United States. The Daily Pennsylvanian has been published since 1885, and is among the top college papers in the country, regularly winning Pacemaker and CSPA Gold Circle awards. The Pennsylvania Punch Bowl is one of the nation's oldest humor magazines. The student-run TV station UTV13 is the oldest college TV station in the country. The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club is one of the oldest continually-operating collegiate choruses in the United States, having been founded in 1862. The Mask and Wig Club is the oldest all-male musical comedy troupe in the country.

The University's Political Science Department is known for publishing a semesterly scholarly journal of undergraduate research called "Sound Politicks." The journal is student-run and is widely noted for the originality and quality of the articles it publishes. It accepts submissions from Penn students year round. There are many such journals across the university.

The University of Pennsylvania Band has been a fixture of student life on campus since 1897. The Penn Band performs at football and basketball games as well as University functions throughout the year and has a current membership of approximately 80 students.

Athletics

Franklin Field

The first athletic team at Penn was its cricket team.[12] In the sport of football, "Penn first fielded a team against Princeton at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia on November 11, 1876.[13]

Penn's sports teams are called the Quakers. They participate in the Ivy League and Division I (Division I FCS for football) in the NCAA. In recent decades they often have been league champions in football (12 times from 1982 to 2003) and basketball (22 times from 1970 to 2006). Penn football made many contributions to the sport in its early days. During the 1890s Penn's famed coach George Woodruff introduced the quarternick kick, a forerunner of the forward pass, as well as the place-kick from scrimmage and the delayed pass. In 1894, 1895, 1897 and 1904 Penn was generally regarded the national champion of collegiate football.[14] The achievements of two of Penn's outstanding players from that era—John Heisman and John Outland—are remembered each year with the presentation of the Heisman Trophy to the most outstanding college football player of the year and the Outland Trophy to the most outstanding college football interior lineman of the year.

Penn basketball is steeped in tradition. Penn made its only (and the Ivy League's second) Final Four appearance in 1979, where the Quakers lost to the Magic Johnson-led Michigan State Spartans in Salt Lake City. (Dartmouth twice finished second in the tournament in the 1940s, but that was before the beginning of formal League play). Penn is also is one of the teams in the Big Five, along with La Salle, Saint Joseph's, Temple and Villanova.

The Palestra, "Cathedral of Basketball"

Penn's home court, the Palestra, is an arena used for Big Five contests as well as high-school sporting events. The Palestra has hosted more NCAA Tournament basketball games than any other facility. Franklin Field, where the Quakers play football, hosts the annual collegiate track and field event "the Penn Relays," and once was the home field of the National Football League's Philadelphia Eagles. It was also the site of the early Army-Navy football games. Franklin Field, the oldest stadium still operating for football games, was also the home to the first commercially-televised football game, and was also the first stadium to sport two tiers. n 2004, Penn Men's Rugby won the EPRU championship. In 2007, the Men's Basketball team won their third consecutive Ivy League title, then lost in the first round of the NCAA Tournament to Texas A&M.

Notable people

Some noted University of Pennsylvania alumni include the ninth President of the United States, William Henry Harrison,[15] real estate mogul Donald Trump, CEO and investor Warren Buffett,(attended for a year before transferring to the University of Nebraska), Cisco Systems co-founder Len Bosack, linguist and activist Noam Chomsky, American industrialist Jon Huntsman, philanthropist Walter Annenberg, E. Digby Baltzell who is credited with the popularization of the acronym WASP, U.S. Supreme Court Justice William J. Brennan, Drew Gilpin Faust, president of Harvard University, and numerous other past and present U.S. Ambassadors, members of congress, governors, cabinet members, and corporate leaders.

Notes

  1. ↑ The University officially uses 1740 as its founding date and has since 1899. The ideas and intellectual inspiration for the academic institution stem from 1749, with a pamphlet published by Benjamin Franklin. When Franklin's institution was established, it inhabited a schoolhouse built in 1740 for another school, which never came to practical fruition. Penn archivist Mark Frazier Lloyd (Retrieved December 29, 2007.) notes: “In 1899, Penn’s Trustees adopted a resolution that established 1740 as the founding date, but good cases may be made for 1749, when Franklin first convened the Trustees, or 1751, when the first classes were taught, or 1755, when Penn obtained its collegiate charter." Princeton's library presents another, carefully nuanced view. Retrieved December 29, 2007.
  2. ↑ A Brief History of the University of Pennsylvania. UPenn. Retrieved October 11, 2007.
  3. ↑ Office of the President Upenn. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
  4. ↑ Edward Potts Cheyney. History of the University of Pennsylvania 1740–1940. (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1940), 46–48.
  5. ↑ Penn in the 1700s UPenn. Retrieved October 11, 2007.
  6. ↑ Penn in the 18th Century. accessdate 2006-04-29 University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania
  7. ↑ Penn in the 1700s UPenn. Retrieved October 11, 2007.
  8. ↑ George E. Thomas and David Bruce Brownlee. Building America's First University: An Historical and Architectural Guide to the University of Pennsylvania. (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000), 3
  9. ↑ Welcome to the Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania. accessdate 2006-04-29
  10. ↑ History of the School of Medicine University Archives and Records Center, University of Pennsylvania. accessdate 2006-04-29
  11. ↑ Penn Library Data Farm. accessdate 2006-04-29
  12. ↑ John Kieran, "Sports of the Times," The New York Times, Oct. 8, 1932, 22.
  13. ↑ Dan Rottenberg. Fight On, Pennsylvania. (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985), 25.
  14. ↑ Rottenberg, 28, 33–34.
  15. ↑ Ohio History Central Online Encyclopedia William Henry Harrison: "At his father’s insistence, [he] studied medicine from 1790 to 1791 at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Upon his father’s death in 1791, Harrison immediately joined the United States Army." Retrieved October 11, 2007.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  • Cheyney, Edward Potts. History of the University of Pennsylvania 1740–1940. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940; reprint edition, Arno Press, 1977, 978-0405100208
  • Hutchins, Amey. University of Pennsylvania. Arcadia Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0738535222
  • Pezzait, Alessandro. Adventures in Photography: Expeditions of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications, 2002, ISBN 1931707413
  • Rottenburg, Dan. Fight on, Pennsylvania: A century of red and blue football. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
  • Thomas, George. Building America's First University: An Historical and Architectural Guide to the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000, ISBN 0812235150

Gallery

  • The Quad Dormitories

  • The Quad Tower

  • The Castle

  • The Furness Library

  • The Quad Dormitories

  • The Quad Dormitories

  • Riepe College House

  • Hayden Hall

  • Law School

  • Irvine Auditorium

  • Silverman Hall, Penn Law School

  • High-rise dorms, St. Mary's church in the foreground

  • Exterior of the Fisher Fine Arts Library

External links

All links retrieved May 3, 2023.


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