Difference between revisions of "Khadijah" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | '''Khadijah''' ({{ArB|خديجة}}) ( | + | '''Khadijah''' ({{ArB|خديجة}}) ( 555 - 619]]) was the first wife of the Muslim prophet|Prophet]], [[Muhammad]]. Khadijah al-Kubra, the daugh{{Islam}} |
ter of [[Khuwaylid ibn Asad]] and Fatimah [[bin|bint]] Za'idah, belonged to the clan of [[Banu Hashim]] of the tribe of [[Banu Asad]]. She became the first woman to [[Religious conversion#Conversion to Islam|convert to Islam]]. | ter of [[Khuwaylid ibn Asad]] and Fatimah [[bin|bint]] Za'idah, belonged to the clan of [[Banu Hashim]] of the tribe of [[Banu Asad]]. She became the first woman to [[Religious conversion#Conversion to Islam|convert to Islam]]. | ||
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===Early life=== | ===Early life=== | ||
| − | + | Scholars calculate her date of birth as somewhere between 555 C.E. and 570 C.E., since it is only estimated from from her age (around 40) at the time of her marriage to Muhammad. While some deny that she had previous husbands, {{fact}} other sources state that after a first husband named [[Abu Halah ibn Zurarah]] died, she married [[Ateeq ibn Aidh Makhzumi]] (Otayyik). When he also passed away, Khadijah (who was a businesswoman) required the services of an honest individual to manage her trade. At that time, [[Muhammad]] who was 22 years old at the time, was recommended as a suitable choice for the job by several notable people of Mecca. Due to his success in managing her various commercial ventures, Khadijah prospered in her business. | |
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| − | While some deny that she had previous husbands, {{fact}} other sources state that after | ||
===Marriage with Muhammad — 595=== | ===Marriage with Muhammad — 595=== | ||
| − | With the passage of time, | + | With the passage of time, Khadijah's admiration for Muhammad developed into a deeper affection. When he was 25 years old, she proposed the idea of marriage to him. After he accepted the offer, they were married in 595 C.E. |
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===Islam — 610=== | ===Islam — 610=== | ||
| − | When her husband was said to have received his first revelation from the [[Angel Gabriel]], | + | When her husband was said to have received his first revelation from the [[Angel Gabriel]], Khadijah was the [[Timing of Sahaba becoming muslims|first person]] — among both males and females — to accept Islam. In spite if the difficulty he first encountered when preaching the revelations he received, Khadijah remained at Muhammad's side and supported him throughout his mission to spread [[Islam]]. |
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===Death — 630=== | ===Death — 630=== | ||
| − | Muhammad took no other wife until after | + | Muhammad took no other wife until after Khadijah's death, out of his devotion to her. The year of her death is known as the '''[[Year of Sorrow]]''', because of the devastation that it caused him. It was also the same year in which his uncle and protector [[Abu Talib]] died. Khadijah's body was buried in Mecca. |
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
| − | She had a total of six children: two sons and four daughters. | + | She had a total of six children: two sons and four daughters. All six were born before Muhammad started preaching Islam. The first son, [[Qasim ibn Muhammad]], died when he was two. Muhammad was sometimes referred to as ''Abu Qasim'', meaning the father of Qasim. The younger son was named Abdullah. He also died in infancy. Muhammad left no male heirs. |
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| − | All six | ||
Certain [[Shi'a]] historians argue that some of her daughters were from her previous marriage, while [[Sunni]]s insist that all her children were by Muhammad. <ref>[[Genealogy of Khadijas daughters|Genealogy of Khadijah's Daughters]]</ref> | Certain [[Shi'a]] historians argue that some of her daughters were from her previous marriage, while [[Sunni]]s insist that all her children were by Muhammad. <ref>[[Genealogy of Khadijas daughters|Genealogy of Khadijah's Daughters]]</ref> | ||
| − | Her oldest daughter [[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zainab]] embraced Islam before her husband and migrated from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]]; she died in about | + | Her oldest daughter [[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zainab]] embraced Islam before her husband and migrated from [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]]; she died in about 630 C.E. Two of Khadijah's other daughters, Ruqayya and Umm Khulthum, were wed to two of Muhammad's cousins, one of whom became a bitter enemy, [[Abu Lahab]], who is condemned in chapter 111 of the [[Qur'an]]. Both daughters were divorced in retaliation after Muhammad started preaching Islam. Ruqayya then married [[Uthman ibn Affan]], who later became the third [[caliph]] and [[Migration to Abyssinia|she migrated with him]] to the city of [[Axum]] in [[Ethiopia]], when Muslims were being persecuted in Mecca. She later returned to Medina and died around 624 C.E. [[Uthman]] then wed her sister Umm Khulthum, who passed away in about 631 C.E., without having had any children. Khadijah's fourth daughter [[Fatima Zahra|Fatima]] was married to [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]], who later became the fourth caliph. |
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
| − | + | Khadijah is remebered as Muhammad's first and most beloved wife, who supported him through the difficult first days of his mission. | |
===Sunni view=== | ===Sunni view=== | ||
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===Shi'a view=== | ===Shi'a view=== | ||
| − | The following view of Khadijah can be found in the | + | The following view of Khadijah can be found in the book [[Fatima The Gracious (book)|Fatima The Gracious]]: |
{{cquote|''As for Lady Khadijah, she was a beautiful, tall, light skinned woman, considered noble among her people; she was wise in decision-making, enjoyed a great deal of intelligence and sharp discernment. She bestowed her brilliant insight of economical principles, especially in the export and import field, on the trade market. This was Khadijah the human, the woman, and the wife; on the other hand, she granted thousands of dinars to her husband to use as he saw fit. Thus, Khadijah's financial support had a great role in strengthening Islam during its prime days, when it was still in the formation stage and critically needed material aid. Allah foreordained Khadijah's property to help Islam and fulfill its goals. | {{cquote|''As for Lady Khadijah, she was a beautiful, tall, light skinned woman, considered noble among her people; she was wise in decision-making, enjoyed a great deal of intelligence and sharp discernment. She bestowed her brilliant insight of economical principles, especially in the export and import field, on the trade market. This was Khadijah the human, the woman, and the wife; on the other hand, she granted thousands of dinars to her husband to use as he saw fit. Thus, Khadijah's financial support had a great role in strengthening Islam during its prime days, when it was still in the formation stage and critically needed material aid. Allah foreordained Khadijah's property to help Islam and fulfill its goals. | ||
Revision as of 14:37, 12 July 2006
| The Wives of Muhammad |
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Khadijah bint Khuwaylid Sawada bint Zama Hafsa bint Umar Zaynab bint Khuzayma Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya Zaynab bint Jahsh Juwayriya bint al-Harith Ramlah bint Abu Sufyan Safiyya bint Huyayy Maymuna bint al-Harith Maria al-Qibtiyya* *disputed |
Khadijah (Arabic: خديجة) ( 555 - 619]]) was the first wife of the Muslim prophet|Prophet]], Muhammad. Khadijah al-Kubra, the daugh
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ter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad and Fatimah bint Za'idah, belonged to the clan of Banu Hashim of the tribe of Banu Asad. She became the first woman to convert to Islam.
Biography
Early life
Scholars calculate her date of birth as somewhere between 555 C.E. and 570 C.E., since it is only estimated from from her age (around 40) at the time of her marriage to Muhammad. While some deny that she had previous husbands, [citation needed] other sources state that after a first husband named Abu Halah ibn Zurarah died, she married Ateeq ibn Aidh Makhzumi (Otayyik). When he also passed away, Khadijah (who was a businesswoman) required the services of an honest individual to manage her trade. At that time, Muhammad who was 22 years old at the time, was recommended as a suitable choice for the job by several notable people of Mecca. Due to his success in managing her various commercial ventures, Khadijah prospered in her business.
Marriage with Muhammad — 595
With the passage of time, Khadijah's admiration for Muhammad developed into a deeper affection. When he was 25 years old, she proposed the idea of marriage to him. After he accepted the offer, they were married in 595 C.E.
Islam — 610
When her husband was said to have received his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel, Khadijah was the first person — among both males and females — to accept Islam. In spite if the difficulty he first encountered when preaching the revelations he received, Khadijah remained at Muhammad's side and supported him throughout his mission to spread Islam.
Death — 630
Muhammad took no other wife until after Khadijah's death, out of his devotion to her. The year of her death is known as the Year of Sorrow, because of the devastation that it caused him. It was also the same year in which his uncle and protector Abu Talib died. Khadijah's body was buried in Mecca.
Family
She had a total of six children: two sons and four daughters. All six were born before Muhammad started preaching Islam. The first son, Qasim ibn Muhammad, died when he was two. Muhammad was sometimes referred to as Abu Qasim, meaning the father of Qasim. The younger son was named Abdullah. He also died in infancy. Muhammad left no male heirs.
Certain Shi'a historians argue that some of her daughters were from her previous marriage, while Sunnis insist that all her children were by Muhammad. [1]
Her oldest daughter Zainab embraced Islam before her husband and migrated from Mecca to Medina; she died in about 630 C.E. Two of Khadijah's other daughters, Ruqayya and Umm Khulthum, were wed to two of Muhammad's cousins, one of whom became a bitter enemy, Abu Lahab, who is condemned in chapter 111 of the Qur'an. Both daughters were divorced in retaliation after Muhammad started preaching Islam. Ruqayya then married Uthman ibn Affan, who later became the third caliph and she migrated with him to the city of Axum in Ethiopia, when Muslims were being persecuted in Mecca. She later returned to Medina and died around 624 C.E. Uthman then wed her sister Umm Khulthum, who passed away in about 631 C.E., without having had any children. Khadijah's fourth daughter Fatima was married to Ali ibn Abi Talib, who later became the fourth caliph.
Legacy
Khadijah is remebered as Muhammad's first and most beloved wife, who supported him through the difficult first days of his mission.
Sunni view
|
This short section requires expansion. |
Shi'a view
The following view of Khadijah can be found in the book Fatima The Gracious:
| “ | As for Lady Khadijah, she was a beautiful, tall, light skinned woman, considered noble among her people; she was wise in decision-making, enjoyed a great deal of intelligence and sharp discernment. She bestowed her brilliant insight of economical principles, especially in the export and import field, on the trade market. This was Khadijah the human, the woman, and the wife; on the other hand, she granted thousands of dinars to her husband to use as he saw fit. Thus, Khadijah's financial support had a great role in strengthening Islam during its prime days, when it was still in the formation stage and critically needed material aid. Allah foreordained Khadijah's property to help Islam and fulfill its goals.
Allah's Messenger said in this regard: "No property has ever been so useful to me as Khadijah's." While in Mecca, the Prophet used this property to free slaves, help the needy, support the poor and rescue his financially inflicted companions. He also paved the way for those who wished to immigrate; all this through Khadijah's wealth from which he spent freely during her life; and when she died, he and her children inherited it. [1] Therefore, the meaning of the Prophet's saying ... becomes clear: "Religion succeeded and became manifest only through Ali's sword and Khadijah's property." [2] |
” |
Relatives
Sons:
- Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad
- Qasim ibn Muhammad
- Taher ibn Muhammad
Daughters:
- Ruqayyah bint Muhammad (disputed)
- Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad (disputed)
- Zainab bint Muhammad (disputed)
- Fatima Zahra
Sister:
- Halah bint Khuwailid
Cousins:
- Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum
- Waraqah ibn Nawfal
See also
- Timing of when the Sahaba Became Muslims
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Muhammad, Farkhanda Noor. Islamiat for Students. Revised Edition 2000: pp. 74-75.
External links
ar:خديجة بنت خويلد de:Chadidscha bint Chuwailid et:Hadidža fa:خدیجه fr:Khadija nl:Khadija ja:ハディージャ・ビント・フワイリド pt:Khadijah bint Khuwaylid sl:Hadidža sv:Khadidja th:คอดีญะหฺ tr:Hatice zh:海迪彻
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