Difference between revisions of "Keio University" - New World Encyclopedia
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[[Image:Keioh Medical school.jpg|thumb|rigtht|Medical School in Yotsuya]] | [[Image:Keioh Medical school.jpg|thumb|rigtht|Medical School in Yotsuya]] | ||
[[Image:慶應協生館.jpg|thumb|rigtht|Kyoseikan in Hiyoshi]] | [[Image:慶應協生館.jpg|thumb|rigtht|Kyoseikan in Hiyoshi]] | ||
| − | + | '''Keio University''' (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), located in [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]], is one of the most prestigious universities in Japan. It is also the oldest university in Japan, established originally as a school for [[Rangaku|Western studies]] in 1858 in [[Edo]] (now [[Tokyo]]) by founder [[Fukuzawa Yukichi]]. Duirng the 1860s, Fukuzawa visited Europe and the United States several times, and came to believe that revolutionary changes in attitude and education were essential for the progress of Japan. He implemented his ideas, teaching Western studies and political economy, at his school Keio Gijuku. Fukuzawa emphasized equal opportunity, and believed that education was the key to greatness. He accepted increasing numbers of private students from lower-class families and added foreign instructors to his faculty. Keio established itself as a university in 1890, but did not receive official accreditation from the Japanese government until 1919. It served as an alternative to the nationalistic and authoritarian government-sponsored universities, fostering free inquiry and producing a number of leaders in banking, industry and the private sector. | |
| + | |||
| + | Today Keio Gijuku Daigaku includes undergraduate faculties of Business and Commerce, Economics, Environmental Information, Law, Letters, Policy Management, and Science and Technology; a school of Medicine and several graduate schools. It is part of a network of elementary and junior and senior high schools. Many research institutions, including the Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies, are associated with the university. | ||
| + | Its baseball team plays in the [[Tokyo Big6 Baseball League|Tokyo Big Six league]]. | ||
| + | ==Mission and reputation== | ||
| + | Keio’s founder, Yukichi Fukuzawa, believed that Japan could prosper in the modern world only if it would "always strive for progress and enlightenment, and provide the academic and moral education needed to create a generation of wise and capable leaders." Fukuzawa's intention was to foster free inquiry and create an alternative to the nationalistic and authoritarian government-controlled universities. Keio was not officially accredited as a university by the Japanese Ministry of Education until 1919. Without state supervision, it was able to provide a freer academic environment, with greater emphasis on individual development, than government-sponsored schools such as the University of Tokyo. | ||
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| + | Since opportunities in government service have been largely confined to graduates of government universities, Keio has emphasized studies such as business and law, and has produced many leaders in banking and industry. Taking its inspiration from Fukuzawa's spirit of 'independence and self respect,' Keio University has been a constant source of innovation since its foundation in 1858, and has provided intellectual leadership in a wide variety of fields. <ref> Keio University [http://www.keio.ac.jp/english/about_keio/international_initiatives.html International Initiatives] Retrieved October 12, 2008.</ref> | ||
| + | In 2008, Keio University was the first modern comprehensive educational institution in Japan to celebrate its 150th anniversary. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | Keio was founded in 1858 by [[Fukuzawa Yukichi]], who | + | Keio was founded in 1858 by [[Fukuzawa Yukichi]], one of modern Japan's first statesmen. Yukichi Fukuzawa, who is portrayed on Japan's 10,000-yen note, is best known for introducing Western education, institutions, and social thought to Japan. When the United States fleet arrived in Japan in the summer of 1853, Fukuzawa who was just 18 years old, was sent by his clan to Nagasaki, home of the Dutch trading enclave, to study Dutch and Western military technology. In 1858, he was appointed official Dutch teacher of his family's domain, Nakatsu, and was sent to Edo to establish a school for the family's vassals there. |
| + | In 1860, Fukuzawa accompanied a Japanese delegation to the United States, and in 1862, he visited England, France, Germany, Holland, Portugal, and Russia as translator for a Tokugawa embassy to Europe. In 1867, he returned to the United States as an envoy for the Japanese government, visiting Washington D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. His personal aim was to acquire textbooks to take back with him to Japan, and he went to [[Brown University]] to learn about the Western educational system. Fukuzawa realized that technical progress had made Western countries more prosperous, and he came to believe that revolutionary changes in attitude and education were essential for the progress of Japan. After his return from the United States, he created his own school to implement his ideas, a private school of Western studies called Keio Gijuku. By 1867, more than 100 students were enrolled in Keio Gijuku, with Fukuzawa lecturing primarily on political economy. <ref> Keio University [http://www.keio.ac.jp/english/about_keio/fukuzawa.html Keio Founder Yukichi Fukuzawa] Retrieved October 12, 2008.</ref> | ||
| + | Fukuzawa soon began bringing faculty from overseas to teach his students. Over the next two decades, Keio Gijuku gradually accepted increasing numbers of private students from lower-class families, and introduced mathematics, economics, medicine, and other subjects. In 1871, the school moved to Mita, the current site of Keio University's main campus. In 1874, Keio Yochisha Elementary School was established. | ||
| + | Between 1872 and 1876, Fukuzawa published 17 volumes of Gakumon no Susume ("An Encouragement of Learning" or more literally "of Studying"), emphasizing equality of opportunity, and study as the key to greatness. Fukuzawa hoped to instill a sense of personal strength among the people of Japan. He believed that Western countries had become powerful because they fostered education, individualism (independence), competition and exchange of ideas. | ||
| + | <blockquote> “It is said that heaven does not create one man above or below another man. Any existing distinction between the wise and the stupid, between the rich and the poor, comes down to a matter of education.” Yukichi Fukuzawa, 1872 </blockquote> | ||
| + | In 1890, Keiō established its first university faculty with Departments of Law, Literature (presently Faculty of Letters), and Economics. In 1898, it became a comprehensive educational institution with college, secondary and elementary schools. In 1899, it became the first private university in Japan to send students abroad, four to Germany, two to the United States. A School of Medicine was established in 1917, and in 1920, Keio University was one of the first private universities accredited by the Japanese government. Keiō became coeducational in 1947. | ||
| + | A business school was established in 1962, and the Faculty of Engineering was reorganized and expanded into the Faculty of Science and Technology in 1981. This was followed by the establishment of faculties of Policy Management and Environmental Information (1990), a faculty of Nursing & Medical Care (2001), a Department of Biosciences & Informatics (2002), Law School (2004), and a faculty of Pharmacy (2008), as well as the establishment of a number of graduate schools. | ||
| + | ==Sports== | ||
| + | [[Rugby union]] was first introduced to Japanese students at Keio University by [[Edward Bramwell Clarke]] and [[Tanaka Ginnosuke]]. (The game had been played in the treaty ports of [[Yokohama]] and [[Kobe]] before that, but not between Japanese teams.) | ||
| + | |||
| + | Its baseball team plays in the [[Tokyo Big6 Baseball League|Tokyo Big Six league]]. | ||
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==Campuses and affiliated schools== | ==Campuses and affiliated schools== | ||
The main campus is in [[Mita, Tokyo]]. Additional campuses include [[Hiyoshi]], [[Shinanomachi]], Shonan Fujisawa Campus (SFC) designed by [[Fumihiko Maki]], Tsuruoka Town Campus of Keio (TTCK), and Yagami. | The main campus is in [[Mita, Tokyo]]. Additional campuses include [[Hiyoshi]], [[Shinanomachi]], Shonan Fujisawa Campus (SFC) designed by [[Fumihiko Maki]], Tsuruoka Town Campus of Keio (TTCK), and Yagami. | ||
| − | The university also operates | + | The university also operates a network of elementary, junior and senior high schools. |
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==Alumni== | ==Alumni== | ||
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* [[Taisuke Sasanuma]], Founder and Representative Partner of [[Advantage Partners]] (Law, MBA) | * [[Taisuke Sasanuma]], Founder and Representative Partner of [[Advantage Partners]] (Law, MBA) | ||
* [[Tarisa Watanagase]], Governor of the Bank of Thailand, presently (Economics) | * [[Tarisa Watanagase]], Governor of the Bank of Thailand, presently (Economics) | ||
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===Media=== | ===Media=== | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
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* [[Eliica]] | * [[Eliica]] | ||
* [[Auto-ID Labs]] | * [[Auto-ID Labs]] | ||
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* [http://www.4icu.org/jp/ Japanese University Ranking] | * [http://www.4icu.org/jp/ Japanese University Ranking] | ||
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| + | ==Notes== | ||
| + | {{reflist}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | *Craig, Albert M. Civilization and enlightenment: the early thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780674031081 | ||
| + | *Hopper, Helen M. Fukuzawa Yukichi: from samurai to capitalist. Library of world biography. New York: Pearson/Longman. 2004. ISBN 0321078020 | ||
| + | *Keiō Gijuku Daigaku. A pictorial history of Keio University, 1858-1958. 1959. | ||
| + | *Kiyooka, Eiichi, Kazuyoshi Nakayama, and Albert M. Craig. Birth of the University section in Keio Gijuku: from new materials found in Harvard University. [Tokyo]: Keio University. 1983. | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
| + | All links retrieved October 12, 2008. | ||
*[http://www.keio.ac.jp/ Keio University website] | *[http://www.keio.ac.jp/ Keio University website] | ||
*[http://www.iab.keio.ac.jp/en/ Keio University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences/TTCK] | *[http://www.iab.keio.ac.jp/en/ Keio University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences/TTCK] | ||
*[http://www.sfc.keio.ac.jp/index.html.en?style=hot Shonan Fujisawa Campus] | *[http://www.sfc.keio.ac.jp/index.html.en?style=hot Shonan Fujisawa Campus] | ||
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*[http://www.ogi.keio.ac.jp/english/ Keio Organization for Global Initiatives (OGI)] | *[http://www.ogi.keio.ac.jp/english/ Keio Organization for Global Initiatives (OGI)] | ||
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[[Category:Minato, Tokyo]] | [[Category:Minato, Tokyo]] | ||
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Revision as of 16:27, 14 October 2008
|
| |
| Motto | Calamvs gladio fortior (Latin: The pen is mightier than the sword) |
|---|---|
| Established | 1858 |
| Type | Private |
| Endowment | N/A |
| Staff | 2,662 |
| Chancellor | Yuichiro Anzai |
| Faculty | 2,001 |
| Students | 32,275 |
| Undergraduates | 27,984 |
| Postgraduates | 4,291 |
| Doctoral students | 3,708 |
| Professional students | 583 |
| Location | Minato, Tokyo Japan |
| Campus | Urban |
| Athletics | 39 varsity teams |
| Colors | Blue and Red |
| Nickname | Unicorns, etc. |
| Mascot | Popeye the Sailor (unofficial) |
| Affiliations | ASAIHL |
| Website | Keio University |
Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), located in Minato, Tokyo, Japan, is one of the most prestigious universities in Japan. It is also the oldest university in Japan, established originally as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo (now Tokyo) by founder Fukuzawa Yukichi. Duirng the 1860s, Fukuzawa visited Europe and the United States several times, and came to believe that revolutionary changes in attitude and education were essential for the progress of Japan. He implemented his ideas, teaching Western studies and political economy, at his school Keio Gijuku. Fukuzawa emphasized equal opportunity, and believed that education was the key to greatness. He accepted increasing numbers of private students from lower-class families and added foreign instructors to his faculty. Keio established itself as a university in 1890, but did not receive official accreditation from the Japanese government until 1919. It served as an alternative to the nationalistic and authoritarian government-sponsored universities, fostering free inquiry and producing a number of leaders in banking, industry and the private sector.
Today Keio Gijuku Daigaku includes undergraduate faculties of Business and Commerce, Economics, Environmental Information, Law, Letters, Policy Management, and Science and Technology; a school of Medicine and several graduate schools. It is part of a network of elementary and junior and senior high schools. Many research institutions, including the Institute of Cultural and Linguistic Studies, are associated with the university. Its baseball team plays in the Tokyo Big Six league.
Mission and reputation
Keio’s founder, Yukichi Fukuzawa, believed that Japan could prosper in the modern world only if it would "always strive for progress and enlightenment, and provide the academic and moral education needed to create a generation of wise and capable leaders." Fukuzawa's intention was to foster free inquiry and create an alternative to the nationalistic and authoritarian government-controlled universities. Keio was not officially accredited as a university by the Japanese Ministry of Education until 1919. Without state supervision, it was able to provide a freer academic environment, with greater emphasis on individual development, than government-sponsored schools such as the University of Tokyo.
Since opportunities in government service have been largely confined to graduates of government universities, Keio has emphasized studies such as business and law, and has produced many leaders in banking and industry. Taking its inspiration from Fukuzawa's spirit of 'independence and self respect,' Keio University has been a constant source of innovation since its foundation in 1858, and has provided intellectual leadership in a wide variety of fields. [1] In 2008, Keio University was the first modern comprehensive educational institution in Japan to celebrate its 150th anniversary.
History
Keio was founded in 1858 by Fukuzawa Yukichi, one of modern Japan's first statesmen. Yukichi Fukuzawa, who is portrayed on Japan's 10,000-yen note, is best known for introducing Western education, institutions, and social thought to Japan. When the United States fleet arrived in Japan in the summer of 1853, Fukuzawa who was just 18 years old, was sent by his clan to Nagasaki, home of the Dutch trading enclave, to study Dutch and Western military technology. In 1858, he was appointed official Dutch teacher of his family's domain, Nakatsu, and was sent to Edo to establish a school for the family's vassals there. In 1860, Fukuzawa accompanied a Japanese delegation to the United States, and in 1862, he visited England, France, Germany, Holland, Portugal, and Russia as translator for a Tokugawa embassy to Europe. In 1867, he returned to the United States as an envoy for the Japanese government, visiting Washington D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. His personal aim was to acquire textbooks to take back with him to Japan, and he went to Brown University to learn about the Western educational system. Fukuzawa realized that technical progress had made Western countries more prosperous, and he came to believe that revolutionary changes in attitude and education were essential for the progress of Japan. After his return from the United States, he created his own school to implement his ideas, a private school of Western studies called Keio Gijuku. By 1867, more than 100 students were enrolled in Keio Gijuku, with Fukuzawa lecturing primarily on political economy. [2] Fukuzawa soon began bringing faculty from overseas to teach his students. Over the next two decades, Keio Gijuku gradually accepted increasing numbers of private students from lower-class families, and introduced mathematics, economics, medicine, and other subjects. In 1871, the school moved to Mita, the current site of Keio University's main campus. In 1874, Keio Yochisha Elementary School was established. Between 1872 and 1876, Fukuzawa published 17 volumes of Gakumon no Susume ("An Encouragement of Learning" or more literally "of Studying"), emphasizing equality of opportunity, and study as the key to greatness. Fukuzawa hoped to instill a sense of personal strength among the people of Japan. He believed that Western countries had become powerful because they fostered education, individualism (independence), competition and exchange of ideas.
“It is said that heaven does not create one man above or below another man. Any existing distinction between the wise and the stupid, between the rich and the poor, comes down to a matter of education.” Yukichi Fukuzawa, 1872
In 1890, Keiō established its first university faculty with Departments of Law, Literature (presently Faculty of Letters), and Economics. In 1898, it became a comprehensive educational institution with college, secondary and elementary schools. In 1899, it became the first private university in Japan to send students abroad, four to Germany, two to the United States. A School of Medicine was established in 1917, and in 1920, Keio University was one of the first private universities accredited by the Japanese government. Keiō became coeducational in 1947. A business school was established in 1962, and the Faculty of Engineering was reorganized and expanded into the Faculty of Science and Technology in 1981. This was followed by the establishment of faculties of Policy Management and Environmental Information (1990), a faculty of Nursing & Medical Care (2001), a Department of Biosciences & Informatics (2002), Law School (2004), and a faculty of Pharmacy (2008), as well as the establishment of a number of graduate schools.
Sports
Rugby union was first introduced to Japanese students at Keio University by Edward Bramwell Clarke and Tanaka Ginnosuke. (The game had been played in the treaty ports of Yokohama and Kobe before that, but not between Japanese teams.)
Its baseball team plays in the Tokyo Big Six league.
Campuses and affiliated schools
The main campus is in Mita, Tokyo. Additional campuses include Hiyoshi, Shinanomachi, Shonan Fujisawa Campus (SFC) designed by Fumihiko Maki, Tsuruoka Town Campus of Keio (TTCK), and Yagami.
The university also operates a network of elementary, junior and senior high schools.
Alumni
Notable alumni include:
Politicians
- Junichiro Koizumi, former Prime Minister of Japan, President of Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Economics 1967)
- Ryutaro Hashimoto, Former (1996–1998) Prime Minister of Japan (Law 1960)
- Ichirō Ozawa, President of Democratic Party of Japan, Former Secretary General of Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Economics 1967)
- Tamisuke Watanuki, President of People's New Party, Former Speaker of The House of Representatives of Japan (Economics 1950)
- Kenji Kosaka, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Law 1968)
- Jiro Kawasaki, Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare (Business and Commerce 1971)
- Andrew Thomson, Minister for Sport and Tourism and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Sydney 2000 Games in the Australian Government 1997 - 1998
- Shigefumi Matsuzawa, Governor of Kanagawa (Law 1982)
- Akihiko Noro, Governor of Mie (Science and Technology 1969)
- Daijiro Hashimoto, Governor of Kochi (Economics 1970 and Law 1972)
- Genjiro Kaneko, Governor of Nagasaki (Letters 1968)
- Yuzan Fujita, Governor of Hiroshima (Business and Commerce 1972)
- Keiichi Inamine, Governor of Okinawa (Economics 1957)
- Ichiro Fujisaki, Chairman of Executive Committee of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Law Dropout 1969）
- Shinichi Kitajima, Permanent Representative of Japan to the OECD (Economics 1971)
- Masaharu Ikuta, President of Japan Post, Former CEO of Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (Economics 1957)
- Atsushi Saito, CEO and President of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (Business & Commerce 1963)
- Hideo Shinozaki, Director General of National Institute of Public Health (Medicine)
- Toru Kawajiri, President of The National Institute for Defense Studies (Economics 1973)
- Tsuyoshi Inukai, the 29th Prime Minister of Japan, leader of Rikken Seiyukai
- Yukio Ozaki, minister of education (Dropout)
- Nobuteru Ishihara, Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
- Hirofumi Nakasone, minister of education
Finance
- Taizo Nishimuro, Chairman and CEO of Tokyo Stock Exchange, Former CEO of Toshiba Corporation (Economics 1961)
- Toshio Ando, Chairman of Japan Securities Dealers Association, Chairman of Nomura Asset Management (Law 1974)
- Shigeharu Suzuki, President and CEO of Daiwa Securities Group (Economics 1971)
- Junichi Arimura, President and CEO of Nikko Cordial Corporation (Business and Commerce 1973)
- Toshiaki Ito, CEO and President of JAFCO (Law 1971)
- Masanori Mochida, President of Goldman Sachs Japan (Economics)
- Kensuke Hotta, Chairman of Morgan Stanley Japan (Economics)
- Haruyasu Asakura, Managing Director and Head of Japan Growth Capital team of Carlyle Group (Science and Technology)
- Taisuke Sasanuma, Founder and Representative Partner of Advantage Partners (Law, MBA)
- Tarisa Watanagase, Governor of the Bank of Thailand, presently (Economics)
Media
- Shoichi Ueno, Owner of The Asahi Shimbun (Law 1958)
- Tōru Shōriki, Owner of The Yomiuri Shimbun (Economics 1942)
- Takuo Takihana, President of The Yomiuri Shimbun (Law 1963)
- Takehiko Kiyohara, Chairman of The Sankei Shimbun (Law 1962)
- Nagayoshi Sumida, President of The Sankei Shimbun (Economics 1969)
- Michisada Hirose, Chairman of The National Association of Commercial Broadcasting in Japan, Chairman of the Board of TV Asahi Corporation (Law 1958)
- Shintaro Kubo, President of Nippon Television Network (Economics 1968)
- Yukio Sunahara, Chairman and CEO of Tokyo Broadcasting System (Letters 1961)
Other business people
- Kakutaro Kitashiro, Leader of Japan Association of Corporate Executives, Chairman of IBM Japan (Science and Technology 1967)
- Katsuaki Watanabe, President of Toyota Motor Corporation (Economics 1964)
- Yuzaburo Mogi, Chairman and CEO of Kikkoman Corporation (Law 1958)
- Takashi Ushiku, President and COO of Kikkoman Corporation (Economics 1963)
- Shinzo Maeda, President and CEO of Shiseido (Letters 1970)
- Kazuyasu Kato, President of Kirin Brewery (Business and Commerce 1968)
- Yoji Ohashi, Chairman of the Board of All Nippon Airways (Law 1964)
- Shinji Yamamoto, Partner and Head of Bain and Company Japan (Economics 1982)
- Yoshiaki Sakito, President of Apple Computer Japan (Master Science and Technology 1983)
- Yoshio Nakamura, Acting Director General of Japan Business Federation
- Ichizo Kobayashi, Founder of Hankyu Railway and the Takarazuka Revue, Minister of Commerce and Industry in the 1940 Konoe Cabinet
- Fusanosuke Kuhara
- Nobutada Saji, Chief executive of Suntory Ltd.
- Toshio Kagami, CEO of Oriental Land Company
Entertainment
- Nakata Atsuhiko, Comedian/Actor, (Economics)
- Ryo Fukawa, Comedian (Economics)
- Yo Hitoto, Singer (Environmental Studies)
- Ichikawa Ennosuke III, Kabuki actor
- Yujiro Ishihara, Actor (Dropout)
- Koide Keisuke, Actor, (Literature)
- Takahiro Konagawa, Musician, member of band, Charcoal Filter (Dropout)
- Asami Konno, Singer, former member of group, Morning Musume (Currently attending), (Environmental Studies, admission office)
- Misako Konno, Actress, Ambassadress of United Nations Development Programme
- Kreva, Singer, member of Kick the Can Crew
- Takashi Matsumoto, Lyricist, former member of Happy End
- Masataka Matsutoya, Music Producer
- Hiro Mizushima, Actor (majoring Policy)
- Yusuke Miyazaki, Musician (Keyboardist/Pianist)
- Koyu Ohara, Film director
- Shō Sakurai, Singer, newscaster of "News Zero", member of popular idol group "Arashi" (Economics)
- Koide Keisuke, Actor (majoring in Literature)
- Koji Suzuki, Horror author, author of Ring
- Mariya Takeuchi, Musician (Literature, Dropout)
- Tigarah, Baile Funk emcee
- Yujiro, Actor, Television entertainer, Comedian
- Fumi Yoshinaga, mangaka
- Yukana, voice actress (seiyū) and singer (Law)
Art
- Rei Kawakubo, Designer (founder of Comme des Garcons label)
- Yohji Yamamoto, Fashion Designer
- Shusaku Endo, Akutagawa Prize, Order of Culture(Literature)
- Daigaku Horiguchi, Poet, Translator, Member of Japan Art Academy
- Etō Jun, literary critic
- Hiroshi Aramata, Professor of Nihon University
- Sakutaro Hagiwara, Poet
- Kyusaku Yumeno, Surrealistic detective novelist
Others
- Tsunekazu Takeda, Chairman of Japanese Olympic Committee (Law 1970)
- Chiaki Mukai, Surgeon and astronaut
- Theodor Holm "Ted" Nelson, Computer architect, visionary, and contrarian (PhD, Media and Governance, 2002)
- Sosuke Sumitani, Announcer (Economics)
- Yoshio Taniguchi, Architect (Mechanical Engineering)
- Yusuke Amimori, Hardcore Gamers (Economics)
- Ken Sakamura, Professor of University of Tokyo, Creator of TRON, Takeda Award (Engineering)
See also
- Eliica
- Auto-ID Labs
- Japanese University Ranking
Notes
- ↑ Keio University International Initiatives Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ↑ Keio University Keio Founder Yukichi Fukuzawa Retrieved October 12, 2008.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Craig, Albert M. Civilization and enlightenment: the early thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. 2009. ISBN 9780674031081
- Hopper, Helen M. Fukuzawa Yukichi: from samurai to capitalist. Library of world biography. New York: Pearson/Longman. 2004. ISBN 0321078020
- Keiō Gijuku Daigaku. A pictorial history of Keio University, 1858-1958. 1959.
- Kiyooka, Eiichi, Kazuyoshi Nakayama, and Albert M. Craig. Birth of the University section in Keio Gijuku: from new materials found in Harvard University. [Tokyo]: Keio University. 1983.
External links
All links retrieved October 12, 2008.
- Keio University website
- Keio University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences/TTCK
- Shonan Fujisawa Campus
- Keio Organization for Global Initiatives (OGI)
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