Difference between revisions of "Deep South" - New World Encyclopedia
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[[Image:US map-Deep South States.png|thumb|300px|The states in dark red comprise the Deep South today. Adjoining areas of Texas and Florida are also sometimes considered part of this subregion]] | [[Image:US map-Deep South States.png|thumb|300px|The states in dark red comprise the Deep South today. Adjoining areas of Texas and Florida are also sometimes considered part of this subregion]] | ||
| − | The '''Deep South''' is a descriptive category of cultural and geographic subregions in the [[Southern United States|American South]]. Historically, it is differentiated from the "[[Upper South]]" as being the states | + | The '''Deep South''' is a descriptive category of cultural and geographic subregions in the [[Southern United States|American South]]. Historically, it is differentiated from the "[[Upper South]]" as being the states that were most dependent on plantation-type agriculture during the [[antebellum]] period. The Deep South was also commonly referred to as the Lower South or the "Cotton States." |
Today, the Deep South is usually delineated as being those states and areas where things most often thought of as "Southern" exist in their most concentrated form.<ref>"1001 Things Everyone Should Know About the South". John Reed and Dale Volberg Reed. Doubleday 1996</ref> | Today, the Deep South is usually delineated as being those states and areas where things most often thought of as "Southern" exist in their most concentrated form.<ref>"1001 Things Everyone Should Know About the South". John Reed and Dale Volberg Reed. Doubleday 1996</ref> | ||
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The term "Deep South" is defined in a variety of ways: | The term "Deep South" is defined in a variety of ways: | ||
*Most definitions include the states of [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], and [[South Carolina]].<ref name="freedict">{{cite web|title="Deep South"|work="TheFreeDictionary.com"|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Deep+South|accessdate=2007-01-18}}</ref><ref name="synon">{{cite web|title="Deep South"|work="Synonym.com"|url=http://www.synonym.com/definition/deep%20south/|accessdate=2007-01-18}}</ref> | *Most definitions include the states of [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], and [[South Carolina]].<ref name="freedict">{{cite web|title="Deep South"|work="TheFreeDictionary.com"|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Deep+South|accessdate=2007-01-18}}</ref><ref name="synon">{{cite web|title="Deep South"|work="Synonym.com"|url=http://www.synonym.com/definition/deep%20south/|accessdate=2007-01-18}}</ref> | ||
| − | *The seven states that seceded from the [[United States]] before the firing on [[Fort Sumter]] and the start of the [[American Civil War]], and originally formed the [[Confederate States of America]]. In order of secession they are: [[South Carolina]], [[Mississippi]], [[Florida]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Louisiana]], and [[Texas]]. Due to the migration patterns of the last half-century, large areas of Florida and Texas are often no longer included under the term. However, there are certain parts of these states, such as [[East Texas]], and the [[Florida Panhandle]], that retain cultural characteristics of the Deep South.<ref>"1001 Things Everyone Should Know About the South". John Reed and Dale Volberg Reed. ''Doubleday'' 1996</ref> Some scholars apply the term 'Deep South' to the | + | *The seven states that seceded from the [[United States]] before the firing on [[Fort Sumter]] and the start of the [[American Civil War]], and originally formed the [[Confederate States of America]]. In order of secession they are: [[South Carolina]], [[Mississippi]], [[Florida]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Louisiana]], and [[Texas]]. Due to the migration patterns of the last half-century, large areas of Florida and Texas are often no longer included under the term. However, there are certain parts of these states, such as [[East Texas]], and the [[Florida Panhandle]], that retain cultural characteristics of the Deep South.<ref>"1001 Things Everyone Should Know About the South". John Reed and Dale Volberg Reed. ''Doubleday'' 1996</ref> Some scholars apply the term 'Deep South' to the trans-Appalachian states of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. |
==Politics of the Deep South== | ==Politics of the Deep South== | ||
| − | For most of the | + | For most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Deep South overwhelmingly supported the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], viewing the rival [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] as a Northern organization responsible for the [[American Civil War]], which devastated the economy of the Old South. However, since the 1964 presidential election<ref>For many Southern white voters, Republican [[Dwight David Eisenhower]] first broke their voting behavior in the presidential elections of 1952 and 1956, but with the Goldwater-Johnson election of 1964 a significant contingent of those same voters crossed the Rubicon into more or less permanent adherence to the Republican Party. Correspondingly, support for Republicans among black voters continued eroding, as it had started moving toward Democrats in the [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] election of 1936.</ref> along with the [[Civil Rights Movement]], the Deep South has tended to vote for the Republican candidate in presidential elections, except in the 1976 election when Georgia native [[Jimmy Carter]] received the Democratic nomination. Since the 1990s there has been a continued shift toward Republican candidates in most political venues; another Georgian, Republican Newt Gingrich, was elected [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] in 1995. |
| − | Presidential elections in which the region diverged noticeably from the Upper South occurred in | + | |
| + | Presidential elections in which the region diverged noticeably from the Upper South occurred in 1928, 1948, 1964 and 1968, and, to a lesser extent, in 1952 and 1956. Mike Huckabee did well in the Deep South in 2008 Republican primaries (losing only South Carolina and Mississippi), but he was unsuccessful in clinching the nomination. Barack Obama did well in the Deep South during the 2008 Democratic primaries, winning there against rival Hillary Clinton.<ref>Hillary Clinton won in Arkansas and Texas.</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 11:36, 21 October 2008
The Deep South is a descriptive category of cultural and geographic subregions in the American South. Historically, it is differentiated from the "Upper South" as being the states that were most dependent on plantation-type agriculture during the antebellum period. The Deep South was also commonly referred to as the Lower South or the "Cotton States."
Today, the Deep South is usually delineated as being those states and areas where things most often thought of as "Southern" exist in their most concentrated form.[1]
Usage of the term
The term "Deep South" is defined in a variety of ways:
- Most definitions include the states of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina.[2][3]
- The seven states that seceded from the United States before the firing on Fort Sumter and the start of the American Civil War, and originally formed the Confederate States of America. In order of secession they are: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Due to the migration patterns of the last half-century, large areas of Florida and Texas are often no longer included under the term. However, there are certain parts of these states, such as East Texas, and the Florida Panhandle, that retain cultural characteristics of the Deep South.[4] Some scholars apply the term 'Deep South' to the trans-Appalachian states of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.
Politics of the Deep South
For most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Deep South overwhelmingly supported the Democratic Party, viewing the rival Republican Party as a Northern organization responsible for the American Civil War, which devastated the economy of the Old South. However, since the 1964 presidential election[5] along with the Civil Rights Movement, the Deep South has tended to vote for the Republican candidate in presidential elections, except in the 1976 election when Georgia native Jimmy Carter received the Democratic nomination. Since the 1990s there has been a continued shift toward Republican candidates in most political venues; another Georgian, Republican Newt Gingrich, was elected Speaker of the House in 1995.
Presidential elections in which the region diverged noticeably from the Upper South occurred in 1928, 1948, 1964 and 1968, and, to a lesser extent, in 1952 and 1956. Mike Huckabee did well in the Deep South in 2008 Republican primaries (losing only South Carolina and Mississippi), but he was unsuccessful in clinching the nomination. Barack Obama did well in the Deep South during the 2008 Democratic primaries, winning there against rival Hillary Clinton.[6]
See also
- Black Belt (U.S. region)
- Dixie
- Old South
- Border states (Civil War)
- Solid South
- Bible Belt
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ "1001 Things Everyone Should Know About the South". John Reed and Dale Volberg Reed. Doubleday 1996
- ↑ "Deep South". "TheFreeDictionary.com". Retrieved 2007-01-18.
- ↑ "Deep South". "Synonym.com". Retrieved 2007-01-18.
- ↑ "1001 Things Everyone Should Know About the South". John Reed and Dale Volberg Reed. Doubleday 1996
- ↑ For many Southern white voters, Republican Dwight David Eisenhower first broke their voting behavior in the presidential elections of 1952 and 1956, but with the Goldwater-Johnson election of 1964 a significant contingent of those same voters crossed the Rubicon into more or less permanent adherence to the Republican Party. Correspondingly, support for Republicans among black voters continued eroding, as it had started moving toward Democrats in the Franklin Delano Roosevelt election of 1936.
- ↑ Hillary Clinton won in Arkansas and Texas.
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