Difference between revisions of "Constellation" - New World Encyclopedia

Revision as of 22:26, 5 September 2008

This article is about the star grouping. For other uses of the term, see Constellation (disambiguation).

Orion is a remarkable constellation, visible from all points on the globe at one time or another during the year. The constellation of Orion is the area outlined in the dashed yellow line. Orion contains a striking and well-known star pattern that has the form of a hunter.

Photo of the familiar constellation Orion.

In common usage, a constellation is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement: typically stars to form a visible figure or picture. The term is also traditionally and less formally used to mean any group of stars visibly related to each other, if they are considered as a fixed configuration or pattern in a particular culture. Some well-known constellations contain striking and familiar patterns of bright stars. Examples are Orion (containing a figure of a hunter), Leo (containing bright stars outlining the form of a lion), Scorpius (a scorpion), and Crux (a cross).

The astronomical definition of constellation is slightly different, however. A group of stars that can be connected to form a figure or a picture is called an asterism, while a constellation is an area on the sky. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) divides the sky into 88 official constellations^[1] with exact boundaries, so that every direction or place in the sky belongs within one constellation. These are mostly based upon the constellations of the ancient Greek tradition, passed down through the Middle Ages, and contains the signs of the zodiac. The sun appears to pass through the 12 constellations of the zodiac (plus Ophiuchus) and ancient Greek astronomers believed they had a special significance.^{[citation needed]}

The constellation boundaries were drawn up by Eugène Delporte in 1930, and he drew them along vertical and horizontal lines of right ascension and declination. However, he did so for the epoch B1875.0, the era when Benjamin A. Gould made the proposal on which Delporte based his work. The consequence of the early date is that due to precession of the equinoxes, the borders on a modern star map (eg, for epoch J2000) are already somewhat skewed and no longer perfectly vertical or horizontal. This skew will increase over the years and centuries to come.

A star pattern may be widely known but may not be recognized by the International Astronomical Union; such a pattern of stars is called an asterism. An example is the grouping called the Big Dipper (North America) or the Plough (UK). The stars in a constellation or asterism rarely have any astrophysical relationship to each other; they just happen to appear close together in the sky as viewed from Earth and typically lie many light-years apart in space. However, one exception to this is the Ursa Major moving group. The grouping of stars into constellations is essentially arbitrary, and different cultures have had different constellations, although a few of the more obvious ones tend to recur frequently, e.g., Orion and Scorpius.

The first ancient Greek works which dealt with the constellations were books of star myths. The oldest of these was a poem composed by Hesiod in circa the eighth century B.C.E., of which only fragments survive. They knew that these constellations were superstitious. The most complete existing works dealing with the mythical origins of the constellations are by the Hellenistic writer termed pseudo-Eratosthenes and an early Roman writer styled pseudo-Hyginus.

The term constellation is also used to describe the arrangement and orbits of artificial satellites such as those of various Global navigation satellite systems including GPS.

Dark cloud constellations

The "Emu in the sky", a 'constellation' defined by dark clouds rather than the stars. A western interpretation would recognise the Crux or Southern Cross, on the left Scorpius. The head of the emu is the Coalsack.

Members of the Inca civilization identified various dark areas in the Milky Way as animals, and associated their appearance with the seasonal rains. These areas are commonly referred to by modern researchers as dark cloud constellations^[2] or dark nebulae. Australian Aboriginal astronomy also used dark nebulae in some constellations, the most famous being the "emu in the sky" whose head is formed by the coalsack.

Chinese constellations

Chinese constellations are different from the Western constellations, due to the independent development of ancient Chinese astronomy. Ancient Chinese skywatchers divided their night sky in a different way, but there are also similarities. The Chinese counterpart of the 12 western zodiac constellations are the 28 "Xiu" (宿) or "mansions" (a literal translation).

Indian constellations

In Hindu/Vedic astronomy Rashi means constellation. The twelve rashis along the ecliptic correspond directly to the twelve western star signs. These are however divided into 27 Nakshatras, or lunar houses.

See also Jyotiṣa

Constellation names and star designations

All modern constellation names are Latin proper names or words, and some stars are named using the genitive, or sometimes the ablative of the constellation in which they are found. These are formed by using the usual rules of Latin grammar, and for those unfamiliar with that language the form of the genitive is sometimes unpredictable and must be memorized. Some examples include: Aries → Arietis; Taurus → Tauri; Gemini → Geminorum; Virgo → Virginis; Libra → Librae; Pisces → Piscium; Lepus → Leporis. In addition, all constellation names have a standard three-letter abbreviation assigned by the International Astronomical Union; for example, Aries becomes Ari, Pisces becomes Psc, Sagittarius becomes Sgr and Ursa Major becomes UMa [1].

Identification of stars within a given constellation includes use of Bayer designations such as Alpha Centauri, Flamsteed designations such as 61 Cygni, and variable star designations such as RR Lyrae. However, many fainter stars will just be given a catalog number designation (in each of various star catalogs) that does not incorporate the constellation name. Frequently, the abbreviated form of the constellation name is used in the star designation, e.g. Alpha Cen, 61 Cyg, RR Lyr.

For more information about star names, see star designations and the list of stars by constellation.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

↑ Ian Ridpath. Constellation names, abbreviations and sizes. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
↑ The Incan View of the Night Sky

External links

IAU: The Constellations, including high quality maps.
All the constellations on Astronoo
Star Tales origins and mythology of the constellations (Ian Ridpath)
The Constellations
Photographic Atlas of the Constellations
Celestia free 3D realtime space-simulation (OpenGL)
Stellarium realtime sky rendering program (OpenGL)
Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center Files on official IAU constellation boundaries (the older NASA ADC service does not function anymore)
Interactive Sky Charts (Allows navigation through the entire sky with variable star detail, optional constellation lines)
http://www.astronomical.org/portal/modules/wfsection/index.php?category=1
http://www.seds.org/Maps/Stars_en/Fig/const.html
Full constellation diagrams resembling their names
Online Text: Hyginus, Astronomica translated by Mary Grant Greco-Roman constellation myths
Observe satellites, space shuttles, constellations, comets
Diagram showing three dimensional distribution of stars in Orion

Astronomy | Constellations of the Zodiac | Astrology

Aries

Taurus

Gemini

Cancer

Leo

Virgo

Libra

Scorpio

Sagittarius

Capricorn

Aquarius

Pisces

af:Sterrebeeld als:Sternbild ar:كوكبة ast:Constelación az:Bürc bn:তারামণ্ডল bs:Sazviježđe br:Steredeg bg:Съзвездие ca:Constel·lació cv:Çăлтăрлăх cs:Souhvězdí cy:Cytser da:Stjernebillede de:Sternbild et:Tähtkuju el:Αστερισμός es:Constelación eo:Konstelacio eu:Konstelazio fa:صورت فلکی fr:Constellation gl:Constelación gu:નક્ષત્ર ko:별자리 hr:Zviježđe io:Stelaro id:Rasi bintang it:Costellazione he:קבוצת כוכבים ka:თანავარსკვლავედები sw:Kundinyota la:Sidus lv:Zvaigznājs lb:Stärebild lt:Žvaigždynas ln:Nzɔ́tɔ hu:Csillagkép ml:നക്ഷത്രരാശി mt:Kostellazzjoni nl:Sterrenbeeld nds-nl:Konstelloatsie ja:星座 no:Stjernebilde nn:Stjernebilete nrm:Constellâtion nov:Stelaro oc:Constellacion pl:Gwiazdozbiór pt:Constelação ro:Constelaţie qu:Warani ru:Созвездие scn:Custiddazzioni simple:Constellation sk:Súhvezdie sl:Ozvezdje sh:Sazviježđe fi:Tähdistö sv:Stjärnbild th:กลุ่มดาว vi:Chòm sao tg:Бурҷ tr:Takımyıldız uk:Сузір'я wa:Sitoelreye zh-yue:星座 zh:星座

[1] Ian Ridpath. Constellation names, abbreviations and sizes. Retrieved 2007-10-05.

[2] The Incan View of the Night Sky

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Ready}}
+{{otheruses4|the star grouping}}
-[[Image:Orion constellation map.png|thumb|300px|[[Orion (constellation)|Orion]] is a remarkable constellation, visible from most places on the globe at one time or another during the year. The '''constellation''' of Orion is the area outlined in the dashed yellow line. Orion contains a striking and well-known star pattern that has the form of a hunter.]]
+[[Image:Orion constellation map.png|thumb|300px|[[Orion (constellation)|Orion]] is a remarkable constellation, visible from all points on the globe at one time or another during the year. The '''constellation''' of Orion is the area outlined in the dashed yellow line. [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]] contains a striking and well-known star pattern that has the form of a hunter.]]
-A '''constellation''' is any one of the 88 areas into which the sky—or the [[celestial sphere]]—is divided. The term is also traditionally and less formally used to denote a group of [[star]]s visibly related to each other in a particular configuration or pattern.
-Some well-known constellations contain striking and familiar patterns of bright stars. Examples are [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]] (containing a figure of a hunter), [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]] (containing bright stars outlining the form of a lion), [[Scorpius]] (a scorpion), and [[Crux]] (a cross).
-==Division==
 [[Image:Orion1~.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Photo of the familiar constellation Orion.]]
-The [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) divides the sky into 88 official constellations<ref name="ianridpath">[http://www.ianridpath.com/constellations1.htm Constellations], Ian Ridpath, 2007. Retrieved November 23, 2007.</ref> with precise boundaries, so that every direction or place in the sky belongs within one constellation. In the northern celestial hemisphere, these are mostly based upon the constellations of the ancient [[ancient Greece|Greek]] tradition, passed down through the [[Middle Ages]], and contains the signs of the [[zodiac]].The sun appears to pass through the 12 constellations of the zodiac and ancient Greek astronomers believed they had a special significance.{{Fact|date=August 2007}}
-The constellation boundaries were drawn up by [[Eugène Delporte]] in 1930, and he drew them along vertical and horizontal lines of [[right ascension]] and [[declination]]. However, he did so for the [[epoch (astronomy)|epoch]] [[B1875.0]], the era when [[Benjamin A. Gould]] made the proposal on which Delporte based his work. The consequence of the early date is that due to [[precession]] of the equinoxes, the borders on a modern star map (eg, for epoch [[J2000]]) are already somewhat skewed and no longer perfectly vertical or horizontal. This skew will increase over the years and centuries to come.
+In common usage, a '''constellation''' is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement: typically stars to form a visible figure or picture.  The term is also traditionally and less formally used to mean any group of [[star]]s visibly related to each other, if they are considered as a fixed configuration or pattern in a particular culture.  Some well-known constellations contain striking and familiar patterns of bright stars. Examples are [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]] (containing a figure of a hunter), [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]] (containing bright stars outlining the form of a lion), [[Scorpius]] (a scorpion), and [[Crux]] (a cross).
-In [[dimension|three-dimensional]] space, most of the stars we see have little or no relation to one another, but can appear to be grouped on the [[celestial sphere]] of the [[night sky]].
+The astronomical definition of '''constellation''' is slightly different, however.  A group of stars that can be connected to form a figure or a picture is called an [[asterism (astronomy)|asterism]], while a constellation is an area on the sky.  The [[International Astronomical Union]] (IAU) divides the sky into 88 official constellations<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ianridpath.com/constellations1.htm| title = Constellation names, abbreviations and sizes| accessdate = 2007-10-05| author = Ian Ridpath}}</ref> with exact boundaries, so that every direction or place in the sky belongs within one constellation. These are mostly based upon the constellations of the ancient [[ancient Greece|Greek]] tradition, passed down through the [[Middle Ages]], and contains the signs of the [[zodiac]]. The sun appears to pass through the 12 constellations of the zodiac (plus [[Ophiuchus]]) and ancient Greek astronomers believed they had a special significance.{{Fact|date=August 2007}}
-A star pattern may be widely known but may not be recognized by the [[International Astronomical Union]]; such a pattern of stars is called an [[asterism (astronomy)|asterism]]. An example is the grouping called the '''[[Big Dipper]]''' ([[North America]]) or the Plough ([[United Kingdom|UK]]).
+The constellation boundaries were drawn up by [[Eugène Delporte]] in 1930, and he drew them along vertical and horizontal lines of [[right ascension]] and [[declination]]. However, he did so for the [[epoch (astronomy)|epoch]] [[B1875.0]], the era when [[Benjamin A. Gould]] made the proposal on which Delporte based his work. The consequence of the early date  is that due to [[precession (astronomy)|precession]] of the equinoxes, the borders on a modern star map (eg, for epoch [[J2000]]) are already somewhat skewed and no longer perfectly vertical or horizontal. This skew will increase over the years and centuries to come.
-The stars in a constellation or asterism rarely have any astrophysical relationship to each other; they just happen to appear close together in the sky as viewed from [[Earth]] and typically lie many [[light-years]] apart in space. However, one exception to this is the [[Ursa Major moving group]].
+A star pattern may be widely known but may not be recognized by the [[International Astronomical Union]]; such a pattern of stars is called an [[asterism (astronomy)|asterism]]. An example is the grouping called the '''[[Big Dipper]]''' ([[North America]]) or the [[Big Dipper|Plough]] ([[United Kingdom|UK]]). The stars in a constellation or asterism rarely have any astrophysical relationship to each other; they just happen to appear close together in the sky as viewed from [[Earth]] and typically lie many [[light-years]] apart in space. However, one exception to this is the [[Ursa Major moving group]]. The grouping of stars into constellations is essentially [[wiktionary:arbitrary|arbitrary]], and different [[culture]]s have had different constellations, although a few of the more obvious ones tend to recur frequently, e.g., [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]] and [[Scorpius]].
-The grouping of stars into constellations is essentially [[wiktionary:arbitrary|arbitrary]], and different [[culture]]s have had different constellations, although a few of the more obvious ones tend to recur frequently, e.g., [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]] and [[Scorpius]].
+The first ancient Greek works which dealt with the constellations were books of star myths. The oldest of these was a poem composed by [[Hesiod]] in circa the eighth century B.C.E., of which only fragments survive. They knew that these constellations were superstitious. The most complete existing works dealing with the mythical origins of the constellations are by the Hellenistic writer termed pseudo-[[Eratosthenes]] and an early Roman writer styled pseudo-[[Hyginus]].
-==Greek constellation myths==
+The term '''constellation''' is also used to describe the arrangement and orbits of artificial [[satellites]] such as those of various [[Global navigation satellite systems]] including [[GPS]].
-The first ancient Greek works which dealt with the constellations were books of star myths. The oldest of these was a poem composed by [[Hesiod]] in the C8th BC, of which only fragments survive.
-The most complete extant works dealing with the mythical origins of the constellations are by the Hellenistic writer termed pseudo-[[Eratosthenes]] and an early Roman writer styled pseudo-[[Hyginus]]. Each of these drew extensively from the writings of older sources (Hesiod and his successors) and provide a clear overview of the stories that lay behind the star groups we are familiar with today.
 ==Dark cloud constellations==
-Members of the [[Inca]] civilization identified various dark areas in the [[Milky Way]] as animals, and associated their appearance with the seasonal rains.  These areas are commonly referred to by modern researchers as ''dark cloud constellations''.<ref>[http://www.astronomy.pomona.edu/archeo/andes/inca.nightsky.html The Incan View of the Night Sky: Stars, Constellations, and Dark Clouds], Astronomy Program at Pomona College, 2006. Retrieved November 23, 2007.</ref>
+[[Image:Emu public.jpg|frame|The "[[Emu]] in the sky", a '[[constellation]]' defined by dark clouds rather than the stars. A western interpretation would recognise the [[Crux]] or Southern Cross, on the left [[Scorpius]]. The head of the emu is the [[Coalsack]].]]
+Members of the [[Inca]] civilization identified various dark areas in the [[Milky Way]] as animals, and associated their appearance with the seasonal rains. These areas are commonly referred to by modern researchers as ''dark cloud constellations''<ref>[http://www.astronomy.pomona.edu/archeo/andes/inca.nightsky.html The Incan View of the Night Sky]</ref> or [[dark nebula]]e. [[Australian Aboriginal astronomy]] also used dark nebulae in some constellations, the most famous being the "emu in the sky" whose head is formed by the [[coalsack]].
 ==Chinese constellations==
 {{main|Chinese constellation}}
-Chinese constellations are different from the western constellations, due to the independent development of ancient [[China|Chinese]] [[astronomy]]. Ancient Chinese sky watchers divided their night sky in a different way, but there are also similarities. The Chinese counterpart of the 12 western [[zodiac]] constellations are the 28 "Xiu" (宿) or "mansions" (a literal translation).
+Chinese constellations are different from the Western constellations, due to the independent development of ancient [[China|Chinese]] [[astronomy]]. Ancient Chinese skywatchers divided their night sky in a different way, but there are also similarities. The Chinese counterpart of the 12 western [[zodiac]] constellations are the 28 "Xiu" (宿) or "mansions" (a literal translation).
 ==Indian constellations==
-{{main|Nakshatra}}
+In Hindu/Vedic astronomy Rashi means constellation. The twelve rashis along the ecliptic correspond directly to the twelve western star signs. These are however divided into 27 [[Nakshatra]]s, or lunar houses.
+*See also [[Jyotiṣa]]
 ==Constellation names and star designations==
-All modern constellation names are [[Latin]] proper names or words, and some stars are named using the [[genitive]], or sometimes the [[ablative]] of the constellation in which they are found. These are formed by using the usual rules of Latin grammar, and for those unfamiliar with that language the form of the genitive is sometimes unpredictable and must be memorized. Some examples include: Aries → Arietis; Taurus → Tauri; Gemini → Geminorum; Virgo → Virginis; Libra → Librae; Pisces → Piscium; Lepus → Leporis. In addition, all constellation names have a standard three-letter abbreviation assigned by the International Astronomical Union; for example, Aries becomes Ari, Pisces becomes Psc, Sagittarius becomes Sgr and Ursa Major becomes UMa<ref name="ianridpath" />.
+All modern constellation names are [[Latin]] proper names or words, and some stars are named using the [[genitive]], or sometimes the [[ablative]] of the constellation in which they are found. These are formed by using the usual rules of Latin grammar, and for those unfamiliar with that language the form of the genitive is sometimes unpredictable and must be memorized. Some examples include: Aries → Arietis; Taurus → Tauri; Gemini → Geminorum; Virgo → Virginis; Libra → Librae; Pisces → Piscium; Lepus → Leporis. In addition, all constellation names have a standard three-letter abbreviation assigned by the International Astronomical Union; for example, Aries becomes Ari, Pisces becomes Psc, Sagittarius becomes Sgr and Ursa Major becomes UMa [http://www.ianridpath.com/constellations1.htm].
 Identification of stars within a given constellation includes use of [[Bayer designation]]s such as [[Alpha Centauri]], [[Flamsteed designation]]s such as [[61 Cygni]], and [[variable star designation]]s such as [[RR Lyrae]]. However, many fainter stars will just be given a catalog number designation (in each of various [[star catalog]]s) that does not incorporate the constellation name. Frequently, the abbreviated form of the constellation name is used in the star designation, e.g. Alpha Cen, 61 Cyg, RR Lyr.
@@ Line 44: / Line 38: @@
 ==See also==
 *[[Chinese constellation]]
+*[[Dendera zodiac]]
 *[[Former constellations]]
 *[[List of constellations]]
@@ Line 50: / Line 45: @@
 *[[History of the constellations]]
-{{navconstel}}
+== References ==
-{{Zodiac}}
-== Notes ==
 <references/>
 ==External links==
 {{commonscat|Constellations}}
-<BR>
+*[http://www.iau.org/public_press/themes/constellations/ IAU: The Constellations], including high quality maps.
-All links are retrieved November 23, 2007.
+*[http://www.astronoo.com/uk/constellations.html All the constellations on Astronoo]
-*[http://www.astronoo.com/uk/constellations.html The constellations], Astronoo, 2007.
+*[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.htm Star Tales] origins and mythology of the constellations ([[Ian Ridpath]])
-*[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.htm Star Tales], Ian Ridpath. Origins and mythology of the constellations.
+*[http://www.dibonsmith.com/constel.htm The Constellations]
-*[http://www.dibonsmith.com/constel.htm Constellations Table], The Constellations, 2001.
+*[http://www.allthesky.com/constellations/ Photographic Atlas of the Constellations]
-*[http://www.allthesky.com/constellations/ The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations], Digital Images of the Sky. 2007.
+*[http://celestia.sourceforge.net Celestia] free 3D realtime space-simulation (OpenGL)
-*[http://celestia.sourceforge.net Celestia], home page. Free 3D realtime space-simulation.
+*[http://stellarium.free.fr/ Stellarium] realtime sky rendering program (OpenGL)
-*[http://stellarium.free.fr/ Stellarium], home page. Realtime sky rendering program.
+*[http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?VI/49 Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center Files on official IAU constellation boundaries] (the older NASA ADC service does not function anymore)
-*[http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?VI/49 Detailed Description of VI/49], Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (fr), 1997. Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center Files on official IAU constellation boundaries.
+*[http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/ Interactive Sky Charts] (Allows navigation through the entire sky with variable star detail, optional constellation lines)
-*[http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/ The Constellations and their Stars], Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2007. Interactive Sky Charts. Allows navigation through the entire sky with variable star detail, optional constellation lines.
+*http://www.astronomical.org/portal/modules/wfsection/index.php?category=1
-*[http://www.astronomical.org/portal/modules/wfsection/index.php?category=1 Constellations], Peoria Astronomical Society.
+*http://www.seds.org/Maps/Stars_en/Fig/const.html
-*[http://www.seds.org/Maps/Stars_en/Fig/const.html Table of Constellations], SEDS (Students for the Exploration and Development of Space), 2004.
+*[http://borghetto.astrofili.org/costellazioni/bordo.htm Full constellation diagrams resembling their names]
-*[http://images.google.com/images?q=constellations Images of constellations], Images, Google. 2007.
+*[http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusAstronomica.html Online Text: Hyginus, Astronomica translated by Mary Grant] Greco-Roman constellation myths
-*[http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusAstronomica.html Hyginus, Astronomica], Theoi. 2007. Online text of Greco-Roman constellation myths.
+*[http://www.heavens-above.com/ Observe satellites, space shuttles, constellations, comets]
-*[http://www.heavens-above.com/ Heavens-Above], home page, 2007. Observe satellites, space shuttles, constellations, comets.
+*[http://cosmographica.com/gallery/portfolio2007/content/409_Orion3D_large.html Diagram showing three dimensional distribution of stars in Orion]
-*[http://cosmographica.com/gallery/portfolio2007/content/409_Orion3D_large.html Constellation Orion in 3D representation], Cosmographica, 2007.
+{{Constellations}}
+{{Zodiac}}
-[[Category:Physical sciences]]
+[[Category:Constellations| ]]
-[[Category:Astronomy]]
+[[Category:Astronomical objects]]
-{{credits|171376045}}
+[[af:Sterrebeeld]]
+[[als:Sternbild]]
+[[ar:كوكبة]]
+[[ast:Constelación]]
+[[az:Bürc]]
+[[bn:তারামণ্ডল]]
+[[bs:Sazviježđe]]
+[[br:Steredeg]]
+[[bg:Съзвездие]]
+[[ca:Constel·lació]]
+[[cv:Çăлтăрлăх]]
+[[cs:Souhvězdí]]
+[[cy:Cytser]]
+[[da:Stjernebillede]]
+[[de:Sternbild]]
+[[et:Tähtkuju]]
+[[el:Αστερισμός]]
+[[es:Constelación]]
+[[eo:Konstelacio]]
+[[eu:Konstelazio]]
+[[fa:صورت فلکی]]
+[[fr:Constellation]]
+[[gl:Constelación]]
+[[gu:નક્ષત્ર]]
+[[ko:별자리]]
+[[hr:Zviježđe]]
+[[io:Stelaro]]
+[[id:Rasi bintang]]
+[[it:Costellazione]]
+[[he:קבוצת כוכבים]]
+[[ka:თანავარსკვლავედები]]
+[[sw:Kundinyota]]
+[[la:Sidus]]
+[[lv:Zvaigznājs]]
+[[lb:Stärebild]]
+[[lt:Žvaigždynas]]
+[[ln:Nzɔ́tɔ]]
+[[hu:Csillagkép]]
+[[ml:നക്ഷത്രരാശി]]
+[[mt:Kostellazzjoni]]
+[[nl:Sterrenbeeld]]
+[[nds-nl:Konstelloatsie]]
+[[ja:星座]]
+[[no:Stjernebilde]]
+[[nn:Stjernebilete]]
+[[nrm:Constellâtion]]
+[[nov:Stelaro]]
+[[oc:Constellacion]]
+[[pl:Gwiazdozbiór]]
+[[pt:Constelação]]
+[[ro:Constelaţie]]
+[[qu:Warani]]
+[[ru:Созвездие]]
+[[scn:Custiddazzioni]]
+[[simple:Constellation]]
+[[sk:Súhvezdie]]
+[[sl:Ozvezdje]]
+[[sh:Sazviježđe]]
+[[fi:Tähdistö]]
+[[sv:Stjärnbild]]
+[[th:กลุ่มดาว]]
+[[vi:Chòm sao]]
+[[tg:Бурҷ]]
+[[tr:Takımyıldız]]
+[[uk:Сузір'я]]
+[[wa:Sitoelreye]]
+[[zh-yue:星座]]
+[[zh:星座]]