Barberpole illusion
The barberpole illusion is a visual illusion where the turning of a diagonally striped pole makes it appear as if the stripes are moving up or down vertically. When a horizontally oriented barberpole is rotated, the stripes appear to move left or right. The barberpole is commonly found outside barbershops; hence the origins of its name.
Explanation
Rather than being perceived as rotating, the viewer will have the illusion of ascending or descending stripes (depending upon the direction of spin). The eyes use the visual cues where the stripes end at the sides of the pole to override any visual depth cues, and therefore the stripes appear to move vertically or horizontally rather than spin. Perception of motion is biased in the direction of the longer (in this case, vertical) axis; stripes on horizontal poles appear to move horizontally and vertical stripes move vertically (see Example One)
The barberpole effect is often shown as the movement of bars behind an aperture, or opening. A series of lines move vertically or horizontally back and forth behind the opening, and the effect is the same as that of the spinning baberpole. The shape of the aperture tends to determine the perceived direction of motion for an identically moving contour. Thus, a vertically elongated aperture makes vertical motion dominant whereas a horizontally elongated aperture makes horizontal motion dominant. In the case of a circular or square aperture (Example Two), the perceived direction of movement is usually perpendicular to the orientation of the stripes (diagonal, in this case).
The perceived direction of movement relates to the termination of the line's end points within the inside border of the occluder. The vertical aperture, for instance, has longer edges at the vertical orientation, creating a larger number of terminators that move vertically. This stronger motion signal forces us to perceive vertical motion. Functionally, we perceive a moving pattern as a rigid surface moving in one direction.
