Difference between revisions of "Arab-Israeli Conflict" - New World Encyclopedia
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The '''Arab-Israeli conflict''' ({{lang-ar|الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي}}, {{lang-he|הסכסוך הישראלי ערבי}}) spans about a century of political tensions and open hostilities. It involves the establishment of the modern [[Israel|State of Israel]] as a [[Jew]]ish [[Nation-state|nation state]], as well as the relationship between the [[Arab]] nations and the state of Israel (see related [[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]). | The '''Arab-Israeli conflict''' ({{lang-ar|الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي}}, {{lang-he|הסכסוך הישראלי ערבי}}) spans about a century of political tensions and open hostilities. It involves the establishment of the modern [[Israel|State of Israel]] as a [[Jew]]ish [[Nation-state|nation state]], as well as the relationship between the [[Arab]] nations and the state of Israel (see related [[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]). | ||
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==History of the conflict== | ==History of the conflict== | ||
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| + | [[Image:Generals_Rabin_Dayan_Narkis_Jerusalem_1967.jpg|left|thumb|Left to right, Israeli generals [[Uzi Narkiss]], [[Moshe Dayan]] and [[Yitzhak Rabin]] entering Jerusalem in June 1967]] | ||
The conflict began to form around the beginning of the 20th century. After the collapse of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1917, at the end of World War I, the region known as [[Palestine]] was controlled by [[Palestine (mandate)|British colonial forces]]. Jewish immigration increased during this period. The influx of Jews alarmed Arab inhabitants in the region, and Muslim religious leaders helped to foment [[Antisemitism|hatred]] for the Jewish inhabitants which led to [[1929 Palestine riots|periodic violence]].<ref>"As long as the terrorist activity was directed only at Jewish targets, [[Mohammad Amin al-Husayni|the Mufti]] saw nothing wrong with this. On the contrary, it fell in line with his own anti-Jewish policy; he secretly encouraged it and apparently extended financial aid to [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam|al-Qassam]] and his organization." ({{cite book | The conflict began to form around the beginning of the 20th century. After the collapse of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1917, at the end of World War I, the region known as [[Palestine]] was controlled by [[Palestine (mandate)|British colonial forces]]. Jewish immigration increased during this period. The influx of Jews alarmed Arab inhabitants in the region, and Muslim religious leaders helped to foment [[Antisemitism|hatred]] for the Jewish inhabitants which led to [[1929 Palestine riots|periodic violence]].<ref>"As long as the terrorist activity was directed only at Jewish targets, [[Mohammad Amin al-Husayni|the Mufti]] saw nothing wrong with this. On the contrary, it fell in line with his own anti-Jewish policy; he secretly encouraged it and apparently extended financial aid to [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam|al-Qassam]] and his organization." ({{cite book | ||
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==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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===General sources=== | ===General sources=== | ||
*[http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=780&rsid=478 Resources >Modern Period>20th Cent.>History of Israel>State of Israel ] The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem | *[http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=780&rsid=478 Resources >Modern Period>20th Cent.>History of Israel>State of Israel ] The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem | ||
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*[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east.html University of Texas Map Collection] | *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east.html University of Texas Map Collection] | ||
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'''Other Sites''' | '''Other Sites''' | ||
* [http://www.Palindependence.com "Ghosts From The Past" A Concise History of the Arab-Israel Conflict] | * [http://www.Palindependence.com "Ghosts From The Past" A Concise History of the Arab-Israel Conflict] | ||
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[[Category:History and biography]] | [[Category:History and biography]] | ||
{{Credit|96894524}} | {{Credit|96894524}} | ||
Revision as of 21:50, 31 August 2007
The Arab-Israeli conflict (Arabic: الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي, Hebrew: הסכסוך הישראלי ערבי) spans about a century of political tensions and open hostilities. It involves the establishment of the modern State of Israel as a Jewish nation state, as well as the relationship between the Arab nations and the state of Israel (see related Israeli-Palestinian conflict).
Scope of the conflict
Some uses of the term Middle East conflict refer to this matter; however, the region has been host to other conflicts not involving Israel (see List of conflicts in the Middle East). Since 1979, the conflict involves the Islamic Republic of Iran (a non-Arab state, not highlighted on the map) as well.
Despite involving a relatively small land area and number of casualties, the conflict has been the focus of worldwide media and diplomatic attention for decades. Many countries, individuals and non-governmental organizations elsewhere in the world feel involved in this conflict for reasons such as cultural and religious ties with Islam, Arab culture, Christianity, Judaism, Jewish culture or for ideological, human rights, or strategic reasons. Because Israel is a democracy with a free press, the media has access to the conflict which also increases media coverage. While some consider the Arab-Israeli conflict a part of (or a precursor to) a wider clash of civilizations between the Western World and the Arab or Muslim world[1][2], others oppose this view and claim that the religion dimension is a new matter in this conflict.[3] Animosity emanating from this conflict has caused numerous attacks on supporters (or perceived supporters) of one side by supporters of the other side in many countries around the world.
History of the conflict
The conflict began to form around the beginning of the 20th century. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1917, at the end of World War I, the region known as Palestine was controlled by British colonial forces. Jewish immigration increased during this period. The influx of Jews alarmed Arab inhabitants in the region, and Muslim religious leaders helped to foment hatred for the Jewish inhabitants which led to periodic violence.[4] At the end of World War II the conflict became a major international issue. Great Britain, the United Nations along with the United States, and the USSR were determined to initiate a two-state solution. The UN mandated partition was put into effect in 1948, but was rejected by the Arab states and was the beginning of the first major Arab-Israeli War. Israel was able to achieve a decisive victory. Today many parts play major roles in the conflict among those are the Quartet on the Middle East. The conflict included a great number of major wars including the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, 1956 Suez War, 1967 Six Day War, 1970 War of Attrition, 1973 Yom Kippur War, 1982 Lebanon War, as well as a number of lesser conflicts. In the course of these conflicts, many Arabs were displaced from what is now Israel, and many Jews were displaced from what is now Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, the Palestinian Territories, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen.
The conflict has also been the source of two major Palestinian intifadas (uprisings). Al-Qaeda, a Muslim (and largely Arab) terrorist organization, has cited the conflict among its justifications for attacks on targets in the West.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ Causes of Anti-Americanism in the Arab World: A Socio-Political Perspective by Abdel Mahdi Abdallah (MERIA Journal. Volume 7, No. 4 - December 2003
- ↑ Arab-Israeli Conflict: Role of religion (Israel Science and Technology)
- ↑ Arab-American Psychiatrist Wafa Sultan: There is No Clash of Civilizations but a Clash between the Mentality of the Middle Ages and That of the 21st Century
- ↑ "As long as the terrorist activity was directed only at Jewish targets, the Mufti saw nothing wrong with this. On the contrary, it fell in line with his own anti-Jewish policy; he secretly encouraged it and apparently extended financial aid to al-Qassam and his organization." (Lachman, Shai (1982). Arab Rebellion and Terrorism in Palestine 1929-39: The Case of Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam and His Movement. in "Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel," edited by Elie Kedourie and Sylvia G. Haim, Frank Cass. London, p.76. )
Further reading
- Gelvin, James L. (2005). The Israel-Palestine Conflict: 100 Years of War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-61804-5.
- Cramer, Richard Ben (2004). How Israel Lost: The Four Questions. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-5028-1.
- Gold, Dore (2004). Tower of Babble: How the United Nations Has Fueled Global Chaos. New York: Crown Forum. ISBN 1-4000-5475-3.
- Hamidullah, Muhammad (January 1986). Relations of Muslims with non-Muslims. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 7 (1): p.9. ISSN 1360-2004.
- Khouri, Fred J. (1985). The Arab-Israeli dilemma, 3rd ed., Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 0-8156-2339-9.
- Lewis, Bernard (1984). The Jews of Islam. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05419-3.
- Morris, Benny (1999). Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-42120-3.
- Segev, Tom (1999.) One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs Under British Mandate. Published by Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 115 West 18th Street New York, New York 10011. ISBN 0-8050-6587-3
- Israelbooks.com Goldenberg, Doron (2003). State of Siege. Gefen Publishing House.
- Bard, Mitchell, Ph.D. (1999) Middle East Conflict. Published by Alpha Books, 201 West 103rd Street, Indianapolis, IN 46290. ISBN 0-02-863261-3
- Katz, Shmuel (1973) Battleground: Fact and Fantasy in Palestine Shapolsky Pub; ISBN 0-933503-03-2
- The Associated Press (1967). Lightning Out of Israel The Arab-Israeli Conflict. Printed in the U.S.A. by Western Printing and Lithographing Company
- Israeli, Raphael (2002). Dangers of a Palestinian State. Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 965-229-303-2
- Dershowitz, Alan. The Case for Israel (John Wiley & Sons, 2004), ISBN 0-471-67952-6
- Lewis, Bernard (September, 1990). Atlantic Monthly: The Roots of Muslim Rage
- Citron, Sabina (2006). The Indictment: The Arab-Israeli Conflict in Historical Perspective. Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 965-229-373-3
- Casper, Lionel L. (2003). Rape of Palestine and the Struggle for Jerusalem. Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 965-229-297-4
- Falk, Avner (2004). Fratricide in the Holy Land: A Psychoanalytic View of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-20250-X
External links
General sources
- Resources >Modern Period>20th Cent.>History of Israel>State of Israel The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- ProCon's solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
- Israel and the Palestinians
- Palestine Facts
- Encarta Encyclopedia on the Arab-Israeli Conflict
- Guide to the Arab-Israeli Conflict, includes links to historical sources, as well as sources representing the Arab and Israeli sides of the conflict.
- The Guardian (UK) A Brief History of Arab-Israeli Conflict (flash)
- Mideast: Land of Conflict from CNN
- Open Directory Project - Israel-Palestine Conflict
- University of Texas Center for Mideast Studies extensive collection of updated links
- Diplomacy Monitor - Middle East
- The Origin of the Palestine-Israel Conflict as viewed by Jews for Justice in the Middle East
Government and official sources
- Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Arab League Online
- Palestinian Authority Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- US State Department Mideast Peace information
- United Nations on the Question of Palestine, and *Israel's UN mission's responses
- Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000
Regional media
- Israeli
- Israel News - Yedioth Aharonoth Israel's largest newspaper, centrist (Hebrew)
- IsraelInsider Israel's Daily Online News Magazine
- Jerusalem Post, Israel's oldest English newspaper, conservative
- Ha'aretz Israeli newspaper, liberal
- Jerusalem Newswire Christian-run Jerusalem-based news website, conservative
- Arab
- Lebanon Daily Star, largest English-circulation newspaper in the Arab world
- Al Jazeera, pan-Arab news station (see also Al Jazeera)
- Al Ahram, Egypt's largest newspaper (see also Al Ahram)
- Palestine Chronicle, weekly electronic paper
Think tanks and strategic analysis
- Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies at Tel Aviv University, influential centrist Israeli think tank specializing in military and strategic analysis
- Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA), Palestinian research organization
- Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information Joint Israeli-Palestinian think tank
- Middle East Research and Information Project
- analyses on the Middle East, from the Brookings Institute
- Analyses on the Middle East, from Washington Institute for Near East Policy
- Original analysis of current developments in the peace-process, from Middle East Media Research Institute
- The Ariel Center for Policy Research
Peace proposals
See main article: List of Middle East peace proposals
- An historical summary of Middle East Peace Plans and Proposals
- The Novel Catalyst for the Jerusalem Solution A website explaining why one school for the children of the Israeli and Palestinian governments might be the missing piece needed to achieve a lasting solution
- "Geneva Accord" Alternative Version
Maps
- MideastWeb Middle East Map Collection
- Israel's story in maps
- FactsOfIsrael.com Maps, history, statistics, victims
- University of Texas Map Collection
Other Sites
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