Difference between revisions of "Angioplasty" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | '''Angioplasty''' is the mechanical widening of | + | '''Angioplasty''' is the mechanical widening of [[blood]] vessel that is abnormally narrowed (stenosis) or totally obstructed (occlusion). Angioplasty has come to include all manner of [[Blood vessel|vascular]] interventions typically performed in a minimally invasive or ''[[percutaneous]]'' (access via needle-puncture of the skin) method. Typically, it involves inflating balloons in the blood vessel to widen the vessel and using stents to provide structural support. |
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| + | The term ''angioplasty'' is a fusion of the words ''angio'' (from the [[Latin language|Latin]]/[[Greek language|Greek]] word meaning "vessel") and ''plasticos'' (Greek: "fit for molding"). | ||
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| + | ==Overview and basic procedure== | ||
| + | '''Blood vessels''' are part of the [[cardiovascular system]] and function to transport [[blood]] throughout the body. The [[capillary|capillaries]] are the microscopic vessels that enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues, while the conduit vessels, [[artery|arteries]] and [[vein]]s, carry blood away from the heart and through the capillaries or back towards the [[heart]], respectively. | ||
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| + | At times these blood vessels can narrowed by stenoses or blocked by occlusions. A ''stenosis'' (plural stenoses) is an abnormal narrowing in a [[blood vessel]]. Stenosis are often associated with a noise ([[bruit]]) resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This bruit can be made audible by a [[stethoscope]]. Other, more reliable methods of diagnosing a stenosis are imaging methods including [[ultrasound]], [[Magnetic Resonance Imaging]]/[[Magnetic Resonance Angiography]], [[Computed Tomography]]/CT-[[Angiography]], which display anatomic imaging (i.e. the visible narrowing of a vessel), and/or flow phenomena (signs of the movement of the bodily fluid through the bodily structure). ''Occlusion'' is a term often used in medicine to refer to blood vessels, [[artery|arteries]] or [[vein]]s, which have become totally blocked to any [[blood flow]]. | ||
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| + | Often such obstructions are often caused by [[atherosclerosis]]. ''Atherosclerosis'' is a [[disease]] affecting [[artery|arterial]] blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part due to the deposition of [[lipoproteins]] (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and [[triglycerides]]). It is commonly referred to as a "hardening" or "furring" of the arteries. It is caused by the formation of multiple [[atheroma|plaques]] within the arteries. | ||
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| + | Angioplasty is a procedure to widen these narrowed or occluded arteries. Originally, the procedure was performed by | ||
==Coronary angioplasty== | ==Coronary angioplasty== | ||
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| − | {{credit|Angioplasty|176879328}} | + | {{credit|Angioplasty|176879328|Blood_vessel|178618302|Stenosis|177143221|Occlusion|166038879|Atherosclerosis|178758456}} |
Revision as of 19:13, 20 December 2007
| Intervention: Angioplasty | ||
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| ICD-10 code: | ||
| ICD-9 code: | 00.6 36.0 39.50 | |
| MeSH | D017130 | |
| Other codes: | ||
Angioplasty is the mechanical widening of blood vessel that is abnormally narrowed (stenosis) or totally obstructed (occlusion). Angioplasty has come to include all manner of vascular interventions typically performed in a minimally invasive or percutaneous (access via needle-puncture of the skin) method. Typically, it involves inflating balloons in the blood vessel to widen the vessel and using stents to provide structural support.
The term angioplasty is a fusion of the words angio (from the Latin/Greek word meaning "vessel") and plasticos (Greek: "fit for molding").
Overview and basic procedure
Blood vessels are part of the cardiovascular system and function to transport blood throughout the body. The capillaries are the microscopic vessels that enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues, while the conduit vessels, arteries and veins, carry blood away from the heart and through the capillaries or back towards the heart, respectively.
At times these blood vessels can narrowed by stenoses or blocked by occlusions. A stenosis (plural stenoses) is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel. Stenosis are often associated with a noise (bruit) resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This bruit can be made audible by a stethoscope. Other, more reliable methods of diagnosing a stenosis are imaging methods including ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Computed Tomography/CT-Angiography, which display anatomic imaging (i.e. the visible narrowing of a vessel), and/or flow phenomena (signs of the movement of the bodily fluid through the bodily structure). Occlusion is a term often used in medicine to refer to blood vessels, arteries or veins, which have become totally blocked to any blood flow.
Often such obstructions are often caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part due to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides). It is commonly referred to as a "hardening" or "furring" of the arteries. It is caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries.
Angioplasty is a procedure to widen these narrowed or occluded arteries. Originally, the procedure was performed by
Coronary angioplasty
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), commonly known as coronary angioplasty is a therapeutic procedure to treat the stenotic (narrowed) coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease. These stenotic segments are due to the build up of cholesterol-laden plaques that form due to atherosclerosis. PCI is usually performed by an interventional cardiologist.
Peripheral angioplasty
Peripheral angioplasty refers to the use of mechanical widening in opening blood vessels other than the coronary arteries. It is often called percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or PTA for short. PTA is most commonly done to treat narrowings in the leg arteries, especially the common iliac, external iliac, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. PTA can also be done to treat narrowings in veins.
Renal artery angioplasty
Atherosclerotic obstruction of the renal artery can be treated with angioplasty of the renal artery (percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, PTRA). Renal artery stenosis can lead to hypertension and loss of renal function.
Carotid angioplasty
Generally, carotid artery stenosis is treated with angioplasty and stenting for high-risk patients in many hospitals. It has changed since the FDA has approved the first carotid stent system (Cordis) in July 2004 and the second (Guidant) in August 2004. The system comprises a stent along with an embolic capture device designed to reduce or trap emboli and clot debris. Angioplasty and stenting is increasingly being used to also treat carotid stenosis, with success rates similar to carotid endarterectomy surgery. Simple angioplasty without stenting is falling out of favor in this vascular bed. SAPPHIRE, a large trial comparing carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting with the Cordis stent found stenting non-inferior to carotid endarterectomy.[1]
See also
- Angiogram
- Charles Dotter
- Vascular surgery
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ Yadav JS, Wholey MH, Kuntz RE, Fayad P, Katzen BT, Mishkel GJ, Bajwa TK, Whitlow P, Strickman NE, Jaff MR, Popma JJ, Snead DB, Cutlip DE, Firth BG, Ouriel K. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1493-501. PMID 15470212.
External links
- Angioplasty.Org, celebrating a decade of independent cardiology news and education
- Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe
- Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions
- Cardiovillage, cardiovascular education online
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Diseases and Conditions Index
- Overview Coronary Artery Disease Treatment - Coronary Interventions ANGIOPLASTY, STENTS AND ATHERECTOMY (Cleveland Clinic)
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