Difference between revisions of "Urban V" - New World Encyclopedia
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==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| − | + | Guillaume de Grimoard,was a native of Grizac in [[Languedoc]] (today part of the [[commune in France|commune]] of [[Le Pont-de-Montvert]], ''[[département in France|département]]'' of [[Lozère]]). His father was a knight. After attending schools in Montpellier and Toulouse, Guillaume became a [[Benedictine]] entering the monastery at Chirac, not far from his birthplace. Again attending the universities at Montpellier and Toulouse and also at Paris and Avignon, he was awarded his doctorate in Canon Law in 1342. He was then appointed professor of canon law at Montpellier and soon gained a reputation as a leading ecclesiastical jurist. He also taught at Paris, Avignon and Toulouse. After serving as Vicar-Genral of Clermont, followed by Uzès and as prior of Notre-Dame du Pré in the [[Cluny]] system of monasteries, in 1352 he was appointed Abbot of the prestigious monstery of [[Saint-Victor]] in [[Marseille]], which was in the gift of the pope, then [[Clement VI]]. This coincided with his first papal mission. He was sent to Milan, followed by missions in several of the Papal States. In 1361, [[Innocent VI]] moved him to the Abbey of St. Victor at Marseilles. Diplomatic engagements soon followed, this time to Naples in 1362. On his way back from [[Naples]] he was surprised to hear that Innocent had died and that, although he was not a cardinal, the college had elected him pope. Unable to agree on a candidate from their own numbers, due to rivalry, they chose an outsider who was renowned for his learning and diplomatic skill. Elected on September 28, 1362, he took the name Urban V. He chose this name because all previous Urbans, in his opinion, had been saintly men. His consecration took place at Avignon on November 6th. | |
| − | native of Grizac in [[Languedoc]] (today part of the [[commune in France|commune]] of [[Le Pont-de-Montvert]], ''[[département in France|département]]'' of [[Lozère]]). | + | |
| + | ===As Pope=== | ||
| + | As Pope he was a severe disciplinarian, disliked the pomp and luxury of the cardinals, introduced considerable reforms in the administration of justice, and liberally patronised learning. He founded the University of Hungary. In [[Toulouse]], he saved the university of music. In [[Montpellier]], he restored the school of [[medicine]] and founded the college of [[Saint Benoit]] whose church became a cathedral decorated with numerous works of art. He founded a college in Quézac and Bédouès, and a church and library in Ispagnac. | ||
| − | |||
He supported more than 1,000 students of all classes with food and lodging. Even during war they were nourished well. He provided them with books and the best professors. | He supported more than 1,000 students of all classes with food and lodging. Even during war they were nourished well. He provided them with books and the best professors. | ||
| − | His pontificate witnessed one of the last flickers of crusading zeal in the expedition of [[Peter I of Cyprus]], who took [[Alexandria]] on (October 11, 1365), but soon afterwards abandoned it. He enforced a crusade against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] to take back Alexandria. He also sent many missions to [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[China]]. | + | His pontificate witnessed one of the last flickers of [[the Crusades|crusading]] zeal in the expedition of [[Peter I of Cyprus]], who took [[Alexandria]] on (October 11, 1365), but soon afterwards abandoned it. He enforced a crusade against the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]] to take back Alexandria. He also sent many missions to [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[China]]. |
The great feature of Urban V's reign was the effort to restore the [[Papacy]] to Italy, and to suppress its powerful rivals for the temporal sovereignty there. In 1363 he [[excommunication|excommunicated]] [[Bernabò Visconti]], the last great figure of [[Ghibelline|Ghibellinism]] in northern Italy, which occupied the Papal city of [[Bologna]] and valiantly resisted the troops of [[Gil de Albornoz]], the Papal vicar in Italy at the time. Urban ordered a crusade to be preached throughout [[Italy]] against him and his kindred, accused to be robbers of the church's estate; but in the march of following year he found it necessary to purchase peace: through the mediation of Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]], he removed his ban against Visconti, obtaining Bologna only after a grevious payment. Around Rome, he also planted vine-yards. | The great feature of Urban V's reign was the effort to restore the [[Papacy]] to Italy, and to suppress its powerful rivals for the temporal sovereignty there. In 1363 he [[excommunication|excommunicated]] [[Bernabò Visconti]], the last great figure of [[Ghibelline|Ghibellinism]] in northern Italy, which occupied the Papal city of [[Bologna]] and valiantly resisted the troops of [[Gil de Albornoz]], the Papal vicar in Italy at the time. Urban ordered a crusade to be preached throughout [[Italy]] against him and his kindred, accused to be robbers of the church's estate; but in the march of following year he found it necessary to purchase peace: through the mediation of Emperor [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]], he removed his ban against Visconti, obtaining Bologna only after a grevious payment. Around Rome, he also planted vine-yards. | ||
Revision as of 20:57, 6 October 2007
| Urban V | |
|---|---|
| |
| Birth name | Guillaume Grimoard |
| Papacy began | November 6, 1362 |
| Papacy ended | December 19, 1370 |
| Predecessor | Innocent VI |
| Successor | Gregory XI |
| Born | 1310 Grizac, Languedoc, France |
| Died | December 19 1370 Avignon, France |
| Other popes named Urban | |
| Styles of Pope Urban V | |
| |
| Reference style | His Holiness |
| Spoken style | Your Holiness |
| Religious style | Holy Father |
| Posthumous style | Blessed |
Pope Urban V (1310 – December 19, 1370), born Guillaume Grimoard, was Pope from 1362 to 1370.
Biography
Guillaume de Grimoard,was a native of Grizac in Languedoc (today part of the commune of Le Pont-de-Montvert, département of Lozère). His father was a knight. After attending schools in Montpellier and Toulouse, Guillaume became a Benedictine entering the monastery at Chirac, not far from his birthplace. Again attending the universities at Montpellier and Toulouse and also at Paris and Avignon, he was awarded his doctorate in Canon Law in 1342. He was then appointed professor of canon law at Montpellier and soon gained a reputation as a leading ecclesiastical jurist. He also taught at Paris, Avignon and Toulouse. After serving as Vicar-Genral of Clermont, followed by Uzès and as prior of Notre-Dame du Pré in the Cluny system of monasteries, in 1352 he was appointed Abbot of the prestigious monstery of Saint-Victor in Marseille, which was in the gift of the pope, then Clement VI. This coincided with his first papal mission. He was sent to Milan, followed by missions in several of the Papal States. In 1361, Innocent VI moved him to the Abbey of St. Victor at Marseilles. Diplomatic engagements soon followed, this time to Naples in 1362. On his way back from Naples he was surprised to hear that Innocent had died and that, although he was not a cardinal, the college had elected him pope. Unable to agree on a candidate from their own numbers, due to rivalry, they chose an outsider who was renowned for his learning and diplomatic skill. Elected on September 28, 1362, he took the name Urban V. He chose this name because all previous Urbans, in his opinion, had been saintly men. His consecration took place at Avignon on November 6th.
As Pope
As Pope he was a severe disciplinarian, disliked the pomp and luxury of the cardinals, introduced considerable reforms in the administration of justice, and liberally patronised learning. He founded the University of Hungary. In Toulouse, he saved the university of music. In Montpellier, he restored the school of medicine and founded the college of Saint Benoit whose church became a cathedral decorated with numerous works of art. He founded a college in Quézac and Bédouès, and a church and library in Ispagnac.
He supported more than 1,000 students of all classes with food and lodging. Even during war they were nourished well. He provided them with books and the best professors.
His pontificate witnessed one of the last flickers of crusading zeal in the expedition of Peter I of Cyprus, who took Alexandria on (October 11, 1365), but soon afterwards abandoned it. He enforced a crusade against the Turks to take back Alexandria. He also sent many missions to Bosnia, Lithuania, Bulgaria and China.
The great feature of Urban V's reign was the effort to restore the Papacy to Italy, and to suppress its powerful rivals for the temporal sovereignty there. In 1363 he excommunicated Bernabò Visconti, the last great figure of Ghibellinism in northern Italy, which occupied the Papal city of Bologna and valiantly resisted the troops of Gil de Albornoz, the Papal vicar in Italy at the time. Urban ordered a crusade to be preached throughout Italy against him and his kindred, accused to be robbers of the church's estate; but in the march of following year he found it necessary to purchase peace: through the mediation of Emperor Charles IV, he removed his ban against Visconti, obtaining Bologna only after a grevious payment. Around Rome, he also planted vine-yards.
Continued troubles in Italy, as well as pleas from figures such as Petrarch and St. Bridget of Sweden, caused Urban V to set out for Rome, which he reached on October 16, 1367. However, although greeted by the clergy and people with joy, and despite the satisfaction of being attended by the Emperor in St. Peter's, and of placing the crown upon the head of the Empress, it soon became clear that by changing the seat of his government he had not increased its power. In Rome he was otherwise able to receive the homage of the king of Cyprus, Queen Joan I of Naples and the Byzantine emperor John V Palaeologus, and coronated Charles IV as Holy Roman Emperor.
Unable any longer to resist the urgency of the French cardinals, and with numerous cities of the Papal States in revolt, he took ship again at Corneto on September 5, 1370, arriving at Avignon on the 24th of the same month.A few days later he fell ill, and died on December 19. He was succeeded by Pope Gregory XI (1370–78).
His canonization was demanded by Valdemar IV of Denmark and promised by Pope Gregory XI as early as in 1375, but did not take place owing to the disorders of the time. Urban V's cultus was approved by Pope Pius IX (1846–78) in 1870.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Bower, Archibald The History of the Popes, Boston: Adamant Media, 2001 ISBN 978-1402171796
- Duffy, Eamon Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006 ISBN978-0300115970
- Maxwell-Stuart, P. G Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy over 2000 years, London: Thames & Hudson, 1997 ISBN 978-0500017982
External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Bl. Urban V Retrieved October 6, 2007.
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