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| − | {{Contracted}}{{Status}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] |
| − | [[Category:Politics and social sciences]]
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| − | The '''Economic and Social Council''' (ECOSOC) of the [[United Nations]] assists the [[UN General Assembly|General Assembly]] in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development. ECOSOC has 54 members, 18 of whom are elected each year by the General Assembly for a three-year term. Even though all [[United Nations member states|UN members]] are eligible for election, members representing "[[First World]]" countries have been consistently favored over the years. The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst the small or middle powers represented on ECOSOC. Each member of ECOSOC has one vote, and decisions are made by a majority of the members present and voting. ECOSOC meets once a year in July for a four-week session. Since 1998, it has held another meeting each April with finance ministers heading key committees of the [[World Bank Group|World Bank]] and the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF).
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| − | Viewed separate from the specialized bodies it coordinates, ECOSOC’s functions like those of other [[United Nations System|UN organs]] include information gathering, advising member nations, and making recommendations. In addition, ECOSOC is well-positioned to provide policy coherence and coordinate the overlapping functions of the UN’s subsidiary bodies; it is in these roles that it is most active.
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| − | == Reform ==
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| − | [[Amendments to the United Nations Charter]] expanded ECOSOC from 18 to 27 members in 1965, and to 54 members in 1971.
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| − | Through much of its history, ECOSOC has served primarily as a discussion vehicle for economic and social issues. ECOSOC had little authority to force action and a number of member states were concerned that its utility was only marginal. However, beginning in 1992, the [[United States|US]] and other nations began an effort to make ECOSOC more relevant by strengthening its policy responsibilities in economic, social, and related fields, particularly in furthering development objectives.
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| − | The resulting reform made ECOSOC the oversight and policy-setting body for UN operational development activities and established smaller executive boards for the UN Development Programme ([[UNDP]]), UN Population Fund ([[UNFPA]]), and UN Children's Fund ([[UNICEF]]) which would provide those agencies with operating guidance and promote more effective management. The reform also gave ECOSOC a strong hand in ensuring that UN agencies coordinated their work on issues of common interest, such as narcotics control, [[human rights]], the alleviation of poverty, and the prevention of HIV/AIDS.
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| − | One positive impact of this reform was the manner in which the UN development system began to respond more coherently and efficiently to humanitarian crises around the world. [[United Nations Secretary General|Secretary General]] [[Kofi Annan|Annan's]] recent reform initiatives have attached considerable importance to further strengthening coordination among relief agencies.
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| − | Another example was the ECOSOC decision in 1994 to authorize the creation of a new joint and cosponsored UN program on HIV/[[AIDS]]. This program ([[UNAIDS]]) will bring together the existing AIDS-related resources and expertise of the [[World Health Organization]], [[UNICEF]], [[UNDP]], [[UNFPA]], [[UNESCO]], and the [[World Bank]] into one consolidated global program, eliminating duplication of effort and enhancing the ability of member states to cope with the AIDS pandemic. It began operating in January 1996.
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| − | == Functional Commissions ==
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| − | *[[United Nations Commission for Social Development|UN Commission for Social Development]] [http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/csd]
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| − | *[[United Nations Commission on Human Rights|UN Commission on Human Rights]] (UNCHR) [http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/2/chr.htm]
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| − | *[[Commission on Narcotic Drugs]] [http://www.unodc.org/unodc/cnd.html]
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| − | *[[Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice]] [http://www.unodc.org/unodc/crime_cicp_commission.html]
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| − | *[[Commission on Science and Technology for Development]] (CSTD) [http://stdev.unctad.org/un/uncstd.html]
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| − | *[[Commission on Sustainable Development]] (CSD) [http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd.htm]
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| − | *[[United Nations Commission on the Status of Women|UN Commission on the Status of Women]] (UN CSW) [http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/]
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| − | *[[Commission on Population and Development]] [http://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd.htm]
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| − | *[[United Nations Statistical Commission|UN Statistical Commission]] [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/commission.htm]
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| − | == Regional Commissions ==
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| − | *[[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (ECE)
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| − | *[[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]] (ECA)
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| − | *[[United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean]] (ECLAC)
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| − | *[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] (ESCAP)
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| − | *[[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia]] (ESCWA)
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| − | == Specialized Agencies ==
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| − | The Specialized Agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and each other through the coordinating machinery of the Economic and Social Council.
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| − | *[[International Labour Organization|ILO]] - International Labour Organization
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| − | *[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] - Food and Agriculture Organization
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| − | *[[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
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| − | *[[World Health Organization|WHO]] - World Health Organization
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| − | *[[World Bank|World Bank Group]]
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| − | **[[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|IBRD]] - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
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| − | **[[International Development Association|IDA]] - International Development Association
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| − | **[[International Finance Corporation|IFC]] - International Finance Corporation
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| − | **[[Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency|MIGA]] - Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
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| − | **[[International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes|ICSID]] - International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
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| − | *[[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] - International Monetary Fund
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| − | *[[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]] - International Civil Aviation Organization
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| − | *[[International Maritime Organization|IMO]] - International Maritime Organization
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| − | *[[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]] - International Telecommunication Union
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| − | *[[Universal Postal Union|UPU]] - Universal Postal Union
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| − | *[[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]] - World Meteorological Organization
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| − | *[[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]] - World Intellectual Property Organization
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| − | *[[International Fund for Agricultural Development|IFAD]] - International Fund for Agricultural Development
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| − | *[[United Nations Industrial Development Organization|UNIDO]] - United Nations Industrial Development Organization
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| − | *[[International Refugee Organization|IRO]] - International Refugee Organization(ceased to exist in 1952)
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| − | *[[International Narcotics Control Board|INCB]] - International Narcotics Control Board
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| − | == Other Entities ==
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| − | *[[United Nations Forum on Forests]]
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| − | *[[United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues|Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (PFII)]]
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| − | *Sessional and Standing Committees Expert, ad hoc and related bodies
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| − | == Consultative status ==
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| − | *See [[Consultative Status]]. See also [[Union of International Associations]]
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | *[[United Nations System]]
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| − | *[[UN General Assembly]]
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| − | *[[UN Security Council]]
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| − | *[[UN Trusteeship Council]]
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| − | *[[UN Secretariat]]
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| − | *[[International Court of Justice]]
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| − | *[[Copenhagen Consensus]]
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| − | *[[French Economic and Social Council]]
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | * [http://www.un.org/esa/ United Nations Economic and Social Development page]
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| − | {{United Nations}}
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| − | [[Category:United Nations]]
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| − | [[ca:Consell Econòmic i Social de l'ONU]]
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| − | [[de:UN-Wirtschafts- und Sozialrat]]
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| − | [[es:Consejo Económico y Social de las Naciones Unidas]]
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| − | [[fr:Conseil économique et social de l'ONU]]
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| − | [[ko:UN 경제사회이사회]]
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| − | [[it:Consiglio economico e sociale (ONU)]]
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| − | [[ka:გაეროს ეკონომიკური და სოციალური საბჭო]]
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| − | [[ja:国連経済社会理事会]]
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| − | [[no:FNs økonomiske og sosiale råd]]
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| − | [[pl:Rada Gospodarcza i Społeczna ONZ]]
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| − | [[sv:Ekonomiska och sociala rådet]]
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| − | [[zh:联合国经济及社会理事会]]
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| − | {{Credit|30985086}}
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