Mary Morton Kimball Kehew

Mary Morton Kimball Kehew (September 8, 1859 – February 13, 1918) was an American reformer, famous for her work in improving the living and working conditions of working women in Boston.

Biography

Mary Morton Kehew neé Kimball was born in Boston, Massachusetts, into a wealthy New England family. She was well-educated and began engaging in social activism early in life.

In 1886, she joined the Women's Educational and Industrial Union of Boston, an association that gathered philanthropically minded women who fought to improve the working conditions of women in Boston. Kehew became the union’s director in 1890, and its president in 1892, succeeding Abby Morton Diaz.

The Union drew on elite members of the society, of whom Kehew was a part. The network of conections that each member had helped Union establish itself as a powerful lobbying body, raising voice on different social issues. Most of the members inside the Union were connected by familial or social ties, which helped energize the organization and to move it forward.

After becoming the Union's president, Kehew immediately started to carry out reorganization within the Union, making it more organized and effective in accomplishing its goals. Her main interest was labor, not moral reforms. She wanted to make various Union's departments self-sufficient, by running them on a business-like basis. Kehew therefore introduced numerous ideas of how to makeit possible. Besides offering basic employment guidance and legal services, the Union started to organize courses in dressmaking (1895), housekeeping (1897), and salesmanship (1905). In 1905 the Union’s research department conducted a study of the living and working conditions of Boston women. The purpose was to create a thorough study that would support legislative proposals for the regulation of working conditions of women. In addition, the Union shop sold the handcraft made by women, and its kitchen provided inexpensive lunches for working women. The classes organized by the Union were later taken over by Simmons College. Throughout Kehew's presidency, the Union became increasingly professionalized, with a large number of people serving as paid staff.

Parallel to her work inside the union, Kehew was involved in propagating the work of the union among women. In 1892, she invited Mary Kenney O'Sullivan, who had been trained at the Hull House, to form the Union for Industrial Process with her. The Union helped organize several other unions, among others the union of women bookbinders and laundry workers (1896), the union of tobacco workers (1899), and the union of needle-trade workers (1901).

In 1903 Kehew was on the board of members who organized the National Women's Trade Union League in Boston. She was elected first president, while Jane Addams was serving as vice president.

Kehew was also actively engaged with numerous other projects. She supported the work of different philanthropic organizations, such as Simmons College, and settlement houses such as the Denison House in Boston, the Public School Association, the Massachusetts Association for Promoting the Interests of the Blind, the Loan and Aid Society for the Blind, and the Woolson House.

Kehew served as the president of the National Women's Trade Union League until 1913, then as acting president and finally as board chair until her death. She died in 1918 in Boston.

Her personal papers are held in the Simmons College archives, and are available to all members of the Simmons College community and other interested scholars and researchers.

Legacy

Kehew avoided public speeches and appearances, preferring to work behind the scenes. Her organizational skills and directorship, however, made her famous among social activists of her day. While most of other women advocated moral reforms within the society and did charity work, Kehew was more interested in how to make women's groups more organized. She professionalized The Women's Educational and Industrial Union, making it more business-like. In addition, her studies on the social and working conditions of women helped create labor reform legislation and bring important social changes. Kehew was thus regarded as one of the core members of the Progressive movement in Boston.

The Women's Trade Union League, which Kehew helped establish, was the first national association dedicated to organizing women workers. It played an important role in organizing massive strikes in the first two decades of the twentieth century, which in turn helped create the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. The League’s campaign for women's suffrage resulted in improving the working conditions of women.

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Blewett, Mary H. 1990. Men, Women, and Work: Class, Gender, and Protest in the New England Shoe Industry, 1780-1910. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 025206142X
• Deutsch, Sarah. 2002. Women and the City: Gender, Space, and Power in Boston, 1870-1940. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195158644
• Harth, Erica. 1999. Founding mothers of social justice: The Women's Educational and Industrial Union of Boston, 1877-1892. Historical Journal of Massachusetts. Retrieved on April 16, 2007, <http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3837/is_199907/ai_n8860523/pg_1>
• Lewis, Jone J. 2006. Mary Morton Kimball Kehew. Women’s History@About.com. Retrieved on April 8, 2007, <http://womenshistory.about.com/library/bio/blbio_kehew_mary_kenney.htm>
• Mary Morton Kimball Kehew. 2007. In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 8, 2007, from Britannica Concise Encyclopedia <http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9125818/Mary-Morton-Kehew>
• Nutter, Kathleen. 1999. The Necessity of Organization: Mary Kenney O'Sullivan and Trade Unionism for Women, 1892-1912. Routledge. ISBN 0815335059

External links

• American Labor Movement – An article by G.A. Hoehn
• Biography of Mary Kehew – Biography on About.com
• Mary Morton Kimball Kehew – Biography on Encyclopedia Britannica
• Women in History – Resources on different famous women in American history
• Women’s Rights Movement – Timeline of the Women’s Rights Movement in America
• Women's Trade Union League – On the League on Spartacus Schoolnet
• "Kehew, Mary Morton Kimball" Encyclopaedia Britannica Profiles: 300 Women Who Changed the World Retrieved April 15, 2007.