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| − | {{Koreanname|hangul=교포/동포|hanja=僑胞/同胞|mr=kyopo/dongpo|rr=gyopo/dongpo}}
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| − | The terms '''gyopo''' or '''dongpo''' in [[Korean language|Korean]] refer to persons of [[Koreans|Korean ethnic descent]] who have lived the majority of their lives outside [[Korea]] or, simply, any Korean who lives outside Korea.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=National Institute of the Korean Language|accessdate=2007-02-23|url=http://korean.go.kr/|title=표준 국어 대사전 (Standard National Language Dictionary)}}</ref>
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| − | As with most, if not all, ancient empires, [[History of Korea|Korea's history]] has been one of constantly fluctuating borders. For approximately 3200 years, from 2333 B.C.E. to 926 C.E., the northern regions of [[Korea]] (today's [[Manchuria]] and [[Mongolia]]) had been inhabited by Koreans. With the fall of [[Balhae]] in 926 C.E., many Koreans absorbed into the northern tribes, [[China]] and [[Russia]]. That diaspora has been difficult to document. During the [[Joseon]] dynasty, many poor Korean farmers migrated to China and Russia in the late 19th century. During the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese colonization of Korea]], Japan forced many Koreas to migrate while in the post-Korean War era many Koreans migrated to the [[United States]]. All total, approximately 6.5 million Korean live in diaspora. Although economic and political conditions have been improving in [[South Korea]] during the past twenty years, the vast majority of Koreans in diaspora have chosen to remain in their adopted nations.
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| − | ==History==
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| − | ===Origins===
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| − | Large-scale emigration from Korea began as early as the mid-1860s, mainly into the [[Russian Far East]] and [[Northeast China]]; those emigrants became the ancestors of the two million [[Koreans in China]] and several hundred thousand [[ethnic Koreans in Central Asia]].<ref name="LeeKK">{{cite book|title=Overseas Koreans|author=Lee Kwang-kyu|publisher=Jimoondang|location=Seoul|year=2000|id=ISBN 89-88095-18-9}}
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| − | </ref><ref name="SJKim">{{cite conference|title=The Economic Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in China|booktitle=The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy|last=Kim|first=Si-joong|pages=Ch. 6: 101-131|publisher=Institute for International Economics|url=http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/365/6iie3586.pdf|date=2003}}</ref>
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| − | ===Korea under Japanese rule===
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| − | [[Image:HiroshimaMonumentKoreanVictims7075.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Monument for Korean Victims of A-Bomb, Peace Memorial Park, Hiroshima, Japan]]
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| − | During the [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese colonial period]] of 1910-1945, Japanese often recruited or forced Koreans into labour service to work in mainland [[Japan]], [[Karafuto Prefecture]], and [[Manchukuo]], especially in the 1930s and early 1940s. The ones who chose to remain in Japan at the end of the war became known as [[Zainichi Koreans]], while the approximately forty thousand forced to stay in [[Karafuto]] after the Soviet invasion typically go by the name [[Sakhalin Koreans]].<ref name=Byong>{{cite news|last=Ban|first=Byung-yool|title=Koreans in Russia: Historical Perspective|date=2004-09-22|accessdate=2006-11-20|url=http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200409/kt2004092218583111950.htm|publisher=Korea Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.japanfocus.org/products/details/2220|title=Legal Categories, Demographic Change and Japan’s Korean Residents in the Long Twentieth Century|last=NOZAKI|first=Yoshiki|coauthors=INOKUCHI Hiromitsu, KIM Tae-Young|journal=Japan Focus}}</ref> According to the statistics at Immigration Bureau of Japan, 901,284 Koreans resident in Japan [[as of 2005]], 515,570 permanent residents, and 284,840 naturalized citizens.<ref>[http://www.moj.go.jp/PRESS/040611-1/040611-1.html 平成１５年末現在における外国人登録者統計について] (Japanese).</ref><ref>[http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:51dIz0wPuT8J:www.korea.net/korea/attach/D/03/123_en.pdf+naturalized+koreans+japan&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&client=opera]</ref> Koreans account for 40.4% of the non-Japanese [[Demographics of Japan|population of the country]]. Japanese-born Koreans make up three-quarters of that number, the majority having legal [[alien (law)|alien]] status.<!--{{Fact|date=February 2007}}—>
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| − | Aside from migration within the [[Empire of Japan]] or its puppet state of [[Manchukuo]], some Koreans escaped Japanese-ruled territory entirely, traveling to [[Shanghai]], a major center of the [[Korean independence movement]], or to the already-established Korean communities of the Russian Far East although the Soviet Union [[Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union|deported]] the latter to Central Asia in 1938. <!--{{Fact|date=March 2007}}—>
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| − | ===After Korea independence===
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| − | After the establishment of the [[People's Republic of China]], Ethnic Koreans in China ''(Chaoxianzu)'' became one of the officially recognized as one of the [[Chinese nationalities|fifty six ethnic groups]] of the country. Chinese consider them one of the "major minorities" in China. Their population grew to about two million ethnic Koreans; they reside mostly in northeastern China, where their ancestors had initially settled. Their largest population concentrated in the [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture]] in [[Jilin Province]], numbering 854,000 in 1997.<ref name="SJKim">{{cite conference|title=The Economic Status and Role of Ethnic Koreans in China|booktitle=The Korean Diaspora in the World Economy|last=Kim|first=Si-joong|pages=Ch. 6: 101-131|publisher=Institute for International Economics|url=http://www.iie.com/publications/chapters_preview/365/6iie3586.pdf|date=2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite paper|url=http://www.chinapop.gov.cn/rklt/rkyjhsyyj/t20040326_1504.htm|title=中国少数民族人口问题研究 (Research on the topic of Chinese minority ethnic group populations)|publisher=National Population and Family Planning Commission of China|author=Zhang Tianlu|date=2004-03-26|accessdate=2007-01-16}} See section "民族人口生活质量问题研究".</ref>
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| − | Korean emigration to America began as early as 1903, although the [[Korean American]] community significant increase took place after the passage of the [[Immigration Reform Act of 1965]];<!--{{Fact|date=February 2007}} now, approximately 1.4 million Koreans live in the United States.—><ref name="USCensus">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:042;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:042;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:042;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:042&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=|title=Korean alone or in combination in 2005|accessdate=2006-12-16|date=2005|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> More than two million ethnic Koreans live in the U.S., mostly in metropolitan areas. A handful descended from laborers who migrated to [[Hawaii]] in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A significant number descended from orphans of the [[Korean War]], the United States standing as a major ally of [[South Korea]]. Americans adopted thousands [[Korean adoptee|adopted]] in the years following the war when major media covered their plight. The vast majority, immigrated or descended from those who immigrated after the [[Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965|Hart-Cellar Act]] of 1965 permitted unrestricted immigration for family members of naturalized Americans.
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| − | [[Image:Koreans in China.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Korean father and daughter in China]]
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| − | Europe and Latin America constituted minor destinations for post-war Korean emigration. [[Germany]] represents the largest Korean community in [[Europe]] while [[London]] has the largest European Koreatown. <!--{{Fact|date=March 2007}}—> Documented Korean immigration to Latin America began in the 1950s; North Korean prisoners of war migrated to Chile in 1953 and Argentina in 1956 under the auspices of the Red Cross. The majority of Korean settlement occurred in the late 1960s. When the South Korean economy expanded dramatically in the 1980s, investors from South Korea came to Latin America and established small businesses in the textiles industry.<ref>{{cite paper|author=Choi, Kate H.|title=Who is Hispanic? Hispanic ethnic identity among African Americans, Asian Americans, and whites|publisher=Department of Sociology, University of Texas|url=http://www.prc.utexas.edu/working_papers/wp_pdf/04-05-07.pdf|date=2004|accessdate=2007-01-12|format=PDF}}</ref> [[Brazil]] has [[Latin America]]'s largest [[Koreatown]] while Koreatowns also exist [[Argentina]] and [[Guatemala]]. [[Mexico City]] estimates the Korean population at around 30,000.<!--{{Fact|date=February 2007}}—> In the 1970s, though, Japan and the United States remained the top two destinations for South Korean emigrants, with each receiving more than a quarter of all emigration. The [[Middle East]] became the third most popular destination with more than 800,000 [[Koreans in Saudi Arabia|Koreans going to Saudi Arabia]] between 1975 and 1985, another 26,000 [[Koreans in Iran|Koreans immigrating to Iran]]. In contrast, only Germany (1.7% of all South Korean emigration in 1977) and Paraguay (1.0%) among European or Latin American destinations rated in the top ten for emigrants.<ref>''Korea Statistical Yearbooks'' for 1972, 1976, 1978. Quoted in {{cite book|title=Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles, 1965-1982|first=Edna|last=Bonacich|coauthors=Light, Ivan|publisher=University of California Press|location=United States|pages=105-106|date=1991|id=ISBN 0520076567}}</ref>
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| − | === Shifting focus of emigration ===
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| − | Emigration to America became less attractive as a result of the [[1992 Los Angeles riots|Rodney King riots]], when many Korean American immigrants in Los Angeles witnessed their businesses destroyed by rioters. South Korean media reports on the riots increased public consciousness of the long working hours immigrants faced the United States.<ref>{{cite book|title=Blue Dreams: Korean Americans and the Los Angeles Riots|author=Abelmann, ; Lie, John|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Massachusetts, United States|date=1997}}</ref> With South Korea's developing economy, the focus of emigration from Korea began a shift from developed nations to developing nations. With the 1992 normalisation of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, many citizens of South Korea started to settle in China, attracted by business opportunities generated by reforms, the opening of China to Korean immigrants, and the low cost of living. Large new communities of South Koreans have formed in [[Beijing]], [[Shanghai]], and [[Qingdao]]. As of 2006, the Korean population in those cities has been estimated between 300,000 and 400,000.<ref name=WenhuaRibao>{{cite news|url=http://www.skykiwi.com/news/200604/hotnet21011.shtml|date=2006-04-01|accessdate=2007-03-18|title= 到了中国就不想回国 在华韩国人激增 (After arriving in China, they don't want to go home; number of South Koreans in China increasing sharply)|publisher=Wenhua Ribao}}</ref> A small community of Koreans, mostly expatriate businessmen and their families, live in Hong Kong. According to Hong Kong's 2001 census, Koreans numbered approximated 5,200, making them the 12th-largest ethnic minority group in Hong Kong<ref>{{cite paper|title=2001 Population Census Thematic Report – Ethnic Minorities|publisher=Census and Statistics Department|location=Hong Kong|date=2001-12-17|accessdate=2006-12-21|url=http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_41/ethnic.pdf|filetype=PDF}}</ref> Southeast Asia has also seen an influx of South Koreans. [[Koreans in Vietnam]] have grown from around 30,000 since the 1992 normalisation of diplomatic relations, making them [[Vietnam]]'s second-largest foreign community after the [[Taiwan]]ese.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite news|url=http://members.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/028.html|title=Ho Chi Minh Money Trail|last=Kelly|first=Tim|date=2006-09-18|accessdate=2007-03-27|publisher=Forbes}}</ref> [[Koreans in the Philippines|Korean migration to the Philippines]] has also increased due to the attraction of the tropical climate and the relatively low cost of living. 370,000 Koreans visited the country in 2004, while roughly 46,000 Korean expatriates reside permanently.<ref name=Meinardus>{{cite news|url=http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/opinion/200512/kt2005121517211054280.htm|publisher=The Korea Times|date=2005-12-15|accessdate=2007-02-16|title="Korean Wave" in Philippines|last=Meinardus|first=Ronaldo}}</ref>
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| − | == Return migration ==
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| − | [[Image:Koreans in London.jpg|thumb|right|250px|South Koreans with flags celebrating at the foot of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, London]]
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| − | Koreans born or settled overseas have been migrating back to both [[North Korea|North]] and [[South Korea]] since the restoration of [[Korean independence]]. [[Kim Jong-Il]], born in [[Vyatskoye, Khabarovsk Krai]], where his father [[Kim Il-sung]], had served in the [[Red Army]], numbers among the most famous.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nk.chosun.com/english/news/news.html?ACT=detail&res_id=7283|date=2002-08-22|accessdate=2007-02-19|publisher=The Chosun Ilbo|title=Sergeyevna Remembers Kim Jong Il|last=Chung|first=Byoung-sun}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1671983|publisher=National Public Radio|date=2004-02-12|accessdate=2007-02-19|title=A Visit to Kim Jong Il's Russian Birthplace|last=Sheets|first=Lawrence}}</ref> The largest-scale repatriation activities took place in Japan, where [[Chongryon]] sponsored the return of [[Zainichi Korean]] residents to North Korea. Starting from late 1950s and early 1960s with a trickle of repatriates continuing until as late as 1984, nearly 90,000 [[Zainichi]] Koreans resettled in the reclusive communist state, although their ancestors lived in southern Korea. Word of the difficult economic and political conditions filtered back to Japan, decreasing the popularity of that option. Around one hundred repatriates [[North Korean defectors|escaped from North Korea]], [[Kang Chol-Hwan]] the most famous, who published a book about his experience, ''[[The Aquariums of Pyongyang]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=7194|last=Morris-Suzuki|first=Tessa|accessdate=2007-02-14|date=2005-02-07|title=Japan's Hidden Role In The 'Return' Of Zainichi Koreans To North Korea|publisher=ZNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite paper|publisher=Nautilus Institute|author=Morris-Suzuki, Tessa|title=The Forgotten Victims of the North Korean Crisis|url=http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/07022MorrisSuzuki.html|date=2007-03-13|accessdate=2007-03-15}}</ref> South Korea remains a popular destination for Koreans who had settled in [[Manchukuo]] during the colonial period. Returnees from Manchukuo such as [[Park Chung-hee]] and [[Chun Doo-hwan]] had a major influence on the process of nation-building in South Korea.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zmag.org/content/print_article.cfm?itemID=8272§ionID=1|title=Imitating the colonizers: The Legacy of the Disciplining State from Manchukuo to South Korea|last=Han|first=Suk-jung|date=2005-07-10|accessdate=2007-03-02|publisher=ZNet}}</ref>
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| − | An estimated 1,000 [[Sakhalin Koreans]] have independently repatriated to North Korea in the decades following the end of World War II. The Soviets prohibited returning to their ancestral homes in the South since the Soviet's supported North Korea's war against the South, and Japan refused to grant Sakhalin Koreans transit privileges. In 1985, Japan funded the return of Sakhalin Koreans to South Korea although only an 1,500 accepted the offer while the vast majority decided to remain on [[Sakhalin]] or move to the [[Russian Far East]].<ref name="JeanyoungLee">{{cite paper|author=Lee, Jeanyoung|publisher=Kyunghee University|title=Ethnic Korean Migration in Northeast Asia|url=http://gsti.miis.edu/CEAS-PUB/200108Lee.pdf|accessdate=2006-11-27|format=[[PDF]]}}</ref>
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| − | With the steady improve of the standard of living in South Korea during the 1980s, the numbers of overseas Koreans repatriating to South Korea rose dramatically. 356,790 [[Ethnic Chinese in Korea|Chinese citizens have migrated to South Korea]] since the [[reform and opening up]] of China, almost two-thirds are estimated to be ''[[Ethnic Koreans in China|Chaoxianzu]]''.<ref name="KimHJ">{{cite news|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/Engnews/20060829/480100000020060829091233E3.html|date=2006-08-29|accessdate=2006-12-08|title=No 'real' Chinatown in S. Korea, the result of xenophobic attitudes|last=Kim|first=Hyung-jin|publisher=Yonhap News}}</ref> Similarly, some [[Koryo-saram]] from [[Central Asia]] have also moved to [[South Korea]] as guest workers to take advantage of the high wages offered by the growing economy. Remittances from South Korea to [[Uzbekistan]], for example, have been estimated to exceed USD100 million in 2005.<ref name="Baek">{{cite news|last=Baek|first=Il-hyun|title=Scattered Koreans turn homeward|date=2005-09-14|publisher=Joongang Daily|accessdate=2006-11-27|url=http://joongangdaily.joins.com/200509/14/200509142129404979900091009101.html}}</ref> Return migration through arranged marriage represents another option, portrayed in the 2005 [[Cinema of Korea|South Korean film]] ''[[Wedding Campaign]]'', directed by Hwang Byung-kook.<ref>{{cite news|last = Kim| first = Tae-jong|title = Farmer Looks for Love in Upcoming 'Wedding Campaign'|publisher = [[The Korea Times]]|date = 2005-08-21|url=http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/culture/200508/kt2005082120230411710.htm|accessdate =2006-10-16}}</ref> Koryo-saram often face the most difficulty integrating into Korean society due to their poor command of the [[Korean language]] as well as their dialect, [[Koryo-mar]], differing significantly from the [[Seoul dialect]] considered the standard in the South.<ref name="Baek"/>
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| − | Until recently, return migration from the West has been much less common than from Japan or the [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet Union]]. The economic enticement has been far less than in 1960s Japan or post-Soviet collapse [[Central Asia]]. An increasing number of aspiring [[Korean Americans]] singers and actors, frustrated by their inability to break through stereotypes in [[Hollywood]], choose instead to go to South Korea through talent and modeling agencies. Prominent examples include singer [[Brian Joo]] (of [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] duo [[Fly to the Sky]]) and actor [[Daniel Henney]] (who initially spoke no Korean).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/features/lifestyle/la-et-idol1jan01,1,5321296.story?track=rss&ctrack=1&cset=true|last=Song|first=Jason|title=Called to star in Asia|date=2007-01-01|accessdate=2007-02-14|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Stuck in Asia, dreaming of Hollywood|date=2007-02-11|accessdate=2007-02-14|last=Ito|first=Robert|publisher=New York Times|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/movies/11ito.html?ex=1328850000&en=de3179a2c903f74b&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss}}</ref>
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| − | <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.media.daum.net/entertain/broadcast/200605/02/hankooki/v12571113.html|title='플라이투더스카이' 브라이언 "난 뼛속까지 한국인" (Brian of Fly to the Sky: "I'm Korean to the bone")|date=2006-05-02|accessdate=2007-03-27|last=Mo|first=Sin-jeong|publisher=Daum Media}}</ref>
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| − | ==Current numbers==
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| − | ===Statistics===
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| − | {|class="wikitable"
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| − | !Continent / Country||Articles related Korean population ||Overseas Korean <br/>Population||Year||% of local<br/>population||% of Global Overseas<br/> Korean population
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| − | |[[Asia]]|| ||3,591,369||NA||0.09||56
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|China}}||[[Koreans_in_China]]||2,043,578||NA||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Hong Kong}}||[[Koreans_in_Hong_Kong]]||5,200||NA||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}||[[Koreans_in_Indonesia]]||23,205 ||NA||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Iran}}||[[Koreans_in_Iran]]||540 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF>{{cite web|title=중동/아프리카 재외동포현황 (Middle East/Africa Overseas Compatriots Present Status)|url=http://www.korean.net/directory/directory_sub.jsp?dCode=0107&nCode=010703&dName=%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%99/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%C2%A0(Middle%20East/Africa)|publisher=Overseas Korean Foundation|date=2005|accessdate=2007-05-13}}</ref>
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Japan}}||[[Zainichi Koreans]]||901,284 ||NA||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}||[[Korean_people_in_Kazakhstan|Koryo-saram]]||105,000||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="KSKi">{{cite conference|last=Ki|first=Kwangseo|title=구소련 한인사회의 역사적 변천과 현실 [Korean society in the former Soviet Union: historical development and realities]|booktitle = Proceedings of 2002 Conference of the Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans (ASOK)|publisher=Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans|date=2002-12-15|location=Seoul}}</ref>
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}||[[Korean_people_in_Kazakhstan|Koryo-saram]]||19,000||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="KSKi">{{cite conference|last=Ki|first=Kwangseo|title=구소련 한인사회의 역사적 변천과 현실 [Korean society in the former Soviet Union: historical development and realities]|booktitle = Proceedings of 2002 Conference of the Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans (ASOK)|publisher=Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans|date=2002-12-15|location=Seoul}}</ref>
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}||[[Koreans in Malaysia]]||5,000||2006||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Philippines}}||[[Koreans in the Philippines]]||92,608 ||2007||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Russia}}||[[Sakhalin_Koreans]]||125,000||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="KSKi">{{cite conference|last=Ki|first=Kwangseo|title=구소련 한인사회의 역사적 변천과 현실 [Korean society in the former Soviet Union: historical development and realities]|booktitle = Proceedings of 2002 Conference of the Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans (ASOK)|publisher=Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans|date=2002-12-15|location=Seoul}}</ref>
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Singapore}}||[[Koreans_in_Singapore]]||8,000 ||2006||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Taiwan}}||[[Koreans_in_Taiwan]]||3,454||NA||NA%||NA%
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}||[[Korean_people_in_Kazakhstan|Koryo-saram]]||6,000 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="KSKi">{{cite conference|last=Ki|first=Kwangseo|title=구소련 한인사회의 역사적 변천과 현실 [Korean society in the former Soviet Union: historical development and realities]|booktitle = Proceedings of 2002 Conference of the Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans (ASOK)|publisher=Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans|date=2002-12-15|location=Seoul}}</ref>
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Thailand}}||[[NA]]||19,500||NA||NA%||NA%
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}||[[Korean_people_in_Kazakhstan|Koryo-saram]]||3,000 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="KSKi">{{cite conference|last=Ki|first=Kwangseo|title=구소련 한인사회의 역사적 변천과 현실 [Korean society in the former Soviet Union: historical development and realities]|booktitle = Proceedings of 2002 Conference of the Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans (ASOK)|publisher=Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans|date=2002-12-15|location=Seoul}}</ref>
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}||[[Korean_people_in_Kazakhstan|Koryo-saram]]||198,000 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="KSKi">{{cite conference|last=Ki|first=Kwangseo|title=구소련 한인사회의 역사적 변천과 현실 [Korean society in the former Soviet Union: historical development and realities]|booktitle = Proceedings of 2002 Conference of the Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans (ASOK)|publisher=Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans|date=2002-12-15|location=Seoul}}</ref>
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Vietnam}}||[[Korean_people_in_Vietnam]]||33,000||2006||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |-bgcolor="yellow"
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| − | |[[Americas]]|| ||2,516,617 ||NA||0.28||39.2
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Argentina}}||[[Asian Argentine]]||35,000||NA||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Brazil}}||[[Asian_Brazilian]]||250,000 ||NA||NA%||NA%
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| − | |-
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| − | |{{flagcountry|Canada}}||[[Koreatown%2C_Toronto]]||110,000||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}}||[[Asian_Latin_American]]||500||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Chile}}||[[NA]]||NA ||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Guatemala}}||[[NA]]||49,000||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Mexico}}||[[NA]]||14,571||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|United States}}||[[Korean American]]||2,057,546||2005||0.5%||NA% <ref name="USCensus">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:042;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:042;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:042;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:042&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=|title=Korean alone or in combination in 2005|accessdate=2006-12-16|date=2005|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |-bgcolor="yellow"
| |
| − | |[[Europe]]|| ||99,972 ||NA||0||0.02
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|France}}||[[Koreans in France]]||13,162 ||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Germany}}||[[Koreans in Germany]]||34,000||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Ukraine }}||[[Korean_people_in_Kazakhstan|Koryo-saram]]||12,000 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="KSKi">{{cite conference|last=Ki|first=Kwangseo|title=구소련 한인사회의 역사적 변천과 현실 [Korean society in the former Soviet Union: historical development and realities]|booktitle = Proceedings of 2002 Conference of the Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans (ASOK)|publisher=Association for the Study of Overseas Koreans|date=2002-12-15|location=Seoul}}</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}||[[British Korean]]||40,810||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |-bgcolor="yellow"
| |
| − | |[[Oceania]]|| ||74,545 ||NA||0.51||2.8
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Australia}}||[[Korean_Australian]]||43,753||NA||NA%||NA%
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|New Zealand}}||[[NA]]||30,792||NA||NA%||NA% [http://www.stats.govt.nz/census/2006-census-data/quickstats-about-culture-identity/quickstats-about-culture-and-identity.htm?page=para015Master]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |-bgcolor="yellow"
| |
| − | |[[Middle East]]|| ||10,303 ||NA||0||0.2
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Kuwait }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||5,000||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="CheongwadaeSaudi">Cheongwadae (Kuwait) 2007. Excludes military servicemembers on active duty.</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Qatar }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||1,800 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="CheongwadaeQatar">Cheongwadae (Qatar) 2007</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||1,600||NA||0||NA% <ref name="CheongwadaeUAE">Cheongwadae (UAE) 2006. Figure includes only Dubai.</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||1,200 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="CheongwadaeKuwait">Cheongwadae (Saudi Arabia) 2007</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Jordan }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||290 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Oman }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||105 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Iraq }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||100 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name="PeoplesDaily">''People's Daily'' 2004-04-09. Excludes military servicemembers on active duty.</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Bahrain }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||99 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Yemen }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||49 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Syria }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||34 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Lebanon }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||26 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |-bgcolor="yellow"
| |
| − | |[[Africa]]||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||8,912||2005||0||0.1 <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Algeria }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||54 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Botswana}}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||200||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Côte d'Ivoire }}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||180||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Egypt }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||685 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||174||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Ghana }}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||614||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Kenya }}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||726 ||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Libya}}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||964||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Morocco}}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||310 ||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Nigeria }}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||800||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Senegal }}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||164 ||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|South Africa }}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||3,452||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Sudan }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||86 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Tanzania }}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||238 ||2005||NA%||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Tunisia }}||[[Koreans_in_the_Arab_world]]||69 ||NA||NA%||NA% <ref name=OKF/>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |{{flagcountry|Uganda }}||[[Koreans_in_Africa]]||196 ||2005||0||NA% <ref name="AfricaTotal">Overseas Korean Foundation (2005)</ref>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |-bgcolor="yellow"
| |
| − | |Total||—||6,408,673||NA||0.1||100
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | == See also ==
| |
| − | * [[Korean adoptee]]
| |
| − | * [[Koreans]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | == Notes ==
| |
| − | <references/>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==References==
| |
| − | * Abelmann, Nancy, and John Lie. 1995. Blue dreams: Korean Americans and the Los Angeles riots. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674077041
| |
| − | * Baxter, James C. 2006. Japanese studies around the world 2005: the Korean diaspora and strategies for global networks. Kyōto: International Research Center for Japanese studies. OCLC: 150421845
| |
| − | * Bergsten, C. Fred, and In-bŏm Chʻoe. 2003. Korean diaspora in the world economy. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. ISBN 9780881323580
| |
| − | * Chaliand, Gérard, and Jean-Pierre Rageau. 1995. The Penguin atlas of diasporas. New York: Viking. ISBN 9780670854394
| |
| − | * Chang, Edward Taehan. 2001. The Korean diaspora in China : ethnicity, identity and change. New Haven, Conn: East Rock Institute. OCLC: 63132649
| |
| − | * Kim, Hyung-chan. 1977. The Korean diaspora: historical and sociological studies of Korean immigration and assimilation in North America. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-Clio. ISBN 9780874362503
| |
| − | * Kim, Julie. 2000. The Korean diaspora of the former Soviet Union: the cultural revitalization movement, 1980s-1990s. Thesis (Ph. D.)—University of California, Los Angeles, 2000. OCLC: 46926548
| |
| − | * Miralao, Virginia A. 2004. Understanding the Korean diaspora to the Philippines. OCLC: 67228467
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==External Links==
| |
| − | * [http://uza.uz/en/society/46/ Korean Diaspora marks 70 years in Uzbekistan]. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
| |
| − | * [http://www.changbi.com/english/related/related17.asp The Possibility and Significance of a Korean Ethnic Community]. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
| |
| − | * [http://www.chonnam.ac.kr/~cnutoday/v9/en/news.html?action=&cnunews=news_main&lang=en&page=10&mode=&search=&key= Research Center for Overseas Korean Economic Network Released a Series of 11 Books on Overseas Koreans]. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
| |
| − | * [http://sunsite3.berkeley.edu/~jchang/KoreanDiasporas/ University of California: Berkeley, East Asian Library: Korean Diasporas]. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
| |
| − | * [http://apmrn.anu.edu.au/regional_members/KMRN%20report.doc "The Korean Diaspora: Migration, Adaptation, and Identity of Overseas Koreans.”]. Retrieved October 6, 2007.
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| − | {{Ethnic Koreans}}
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| − |
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| − | [[Category:History]]
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| − | [[Category:Korea]]
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| − | {{Credits|147535137}}
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