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| − | {{Images OK}}{{submitted}}{{approved}}{{ce}}
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| − | [[Image:Screenshot IMSLP en.png|thumb|280px|The IMSLP homepage as of May 2007]]
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| − | {{Infobox Website
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| − | | name = International Music Score Library Project
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| − | | image = [[Image:Screenshot IMSLP en.png|280px|]]
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| − | | caption = The IMSLP homepage as of May 2007
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| − | | url = http://imslp.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&
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| − | | commercial = No
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| − | | type = [[Music score]] library
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| − | | language = [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]]
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| − | | registration = Optional (required for contributing)
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| − | | owner = IMSLP community
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| − | | author = Feldmahler (aka Edward W. Guo)
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| − | | launch date = February 16, 2006
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| − | | current status = Open (June 30, 2008)
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| − | }}
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| − | The '''International Music Score Library Project''' ('''IMSLP''') was a project, created by Edward W. Guo, an eighteen year old [[music]] student in [[Canada]], for the creation of a virtual library of [[public domain]] [[sheet music|music scores]], based on [[wiki|media wiki]] software. Since its launch on February 16, 2006, more than 15,000 scores, for 9,000 works, by over 1,000 composers were uploaded, making it one of the largest public domain music score collections on the web.<ref>2007[http://www.freesheetmusicguide.com/classical.htm Classical and Choral Sheet Music] ''The Free Sheet Music Guide'' accessdate September 14, 2008. </ref> A number of reputable institutions and [[university|universities]] including [[MIT]] and [[Stanford]] commended IMSLP. The project used [[MediaWiki]] software to provide contributors with a familiar interface.
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| − | In 2007, however, [[Universal Edition]], an [[Austria]]n music publishing firm, sent a [[cease and desist]] letter to Edward W. Guo for a possible [[law suit]] for [[copyright infringement]]. While the [[Canada|Canadian]] copyright is valid for fifty years after the copyright holder's death, in Austria, it is valid for seventy years. Although Cuo's activities are perfectly legal in Canada and Austrian jurisprudence does not apply to actives in Canada, Cuo voluntarily closed IMSLP on October 19, 2007.<ref name=cd>Ken Clark [http://imslpforums.org/Second%20U-E%20Cease%20and%20Desist%20Letter.pdf Cease and Desist Letter from Universal Edition AG] ''Aird & Berlis LLP''. Retrieved September 14, 2008.</ref> The case stirred discussions and controversies, catching the attention of BBC, who eventually reported about the case.<ref>([http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7074786.stm Music copyright in the spotlight], ''BBC News'', Friday, 2 November 2007, Retrieved September 15, 2008.</ref> IMSLP went back online on 30 June, 2008. A question still remains whether all online activities perfectly legal under a [[jurisprudence]] of one country have to consider legal implications in all counties on the earth and how jurisprudence can go beyond the boundary of a [[nation state]].
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| − | == History ==
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| − | === Overview ===
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| − | Edward W. Guo, known as Feldmahler, an eighteen year old Canadian music student, launched a non-commercial site using wiki software on February 16, 2006.<ref>[http://imslp.org/wiki/User:Feldmahler User:Feldmahler], ''IMSLP
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| − | . Retrieved September 15, 2008.</ref> The library consisted mainly of [[image scanner|scans]] of old musical editions out of [[copyright]]. In addition, it admitted scores by contemporary composers who wished to share their music with the world by releasing it under a [[Creative Commons]] license. It rapidly grew in a few short years. One of the main projects of IMSLP was the sorting and uploading of the complete works of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] in the [[Bach Gesellschaft|Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe]] (1851-1899). Besides J.S. Bach's, [[Frédéric Chopin|Frédéric Chopin's]] nearly complete oeuvre was available on IMSLP.
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| − | Besides providing a digital repository, IMSLP offered possibilities as a [[musicology|musicological]] encyclopaedia, since multiple and historical editions of a single composition could be uploaded, and musicological analyses and historical commentaries accompany the scores.
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| − | IMSLP had been officially recommended by [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]],<ref>Christie Moore, [http://news-libraries.mit.edu/blog/archives/354 Wiki of public domain classical scores] ''MIT Library News'' accessdate September 14, 2008. </ref><ref>[http://libraries.mit.edu/music/ Lewis Music Library] 2007 ''MIT Libraries'' accessdate September 14, 2008.</ref> which also used it extensively in some of its [[MIT OpenCourseWare|OpenCourseWare]] courses.<ref>''MIT'' 2007 [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Music-and-Theater-Arts/21M-250Fall-2006/Listening/index.htm 21M.250 Schubert to Debussy, Fall 2006] ''MIT OpenCourseWare'' accessdate September 14, 2008. </ref><ref>MIT OpenCourseWare, [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Music-and-Theater-Arts/21M-262Fall-2006/Listening/index.htm 21M.262 Modern Music:1900-1960, Fall 2006] ''MIT'' 2007 accessdate September 14, 2008. </ref> It was suggested as a resource by university libraries at [[Oberlin Conservatory of Music]],<ref>Conlib, [http://oberlinconservatorylibrary.blogspot.com/2007/04/classical-music-in-public-domain.html Classical Music in the Public Domain]''News from the Oberlin Conservatory Library'', 2007-04-26 accessdate September 14, 2008.</ref> [[Manhattan School of Music]]<ref>''The Peter Jay Sharp Library, Manhattan School of Music'' 2007. [http://library.msmnyc.edu/screens/freestuff.html Free stuff on the web] accessdate September 14, 2008. </ref> [[Stanford University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/music/research_help/outsidelinks.html#sheet |title=Outside links of interest |accessdate=September 14, 2008. |date=2007 |work=Stanford University, Libraries and Academic Information Resources }}</ref> [[McGill University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcgill.ca/music-library/collections/links/ |title=Online resources |accessdate=September 14, 2008. |date=2007 |work=Marvin Duchow Music Library, McGill }}</ref> [[Brown University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dl.lib.brown.edu/gateway/program.php?programid=45&task=internet#32 |title=Selected internet resources for music |accessdate=September 14, 2008. |author=Quist, Ned |date= 2007|work=Brown University Library }}</ref> [[University of Maryland, College Park|University of Maryland]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.umd.edu/PAL/resources.html |title=Online Resources for the Study of Music, Theatre, & Dance |accessdate=September 14, 2008. |date=2007 |work=University of Maryland Libraries }}</ref> [[University of New Mexico]], [[University of Washington]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/Music/dr/elsco.html |title=Musical Scores |accessdate=September 14, 2008. |date=2007 |work=University of Washington Libraries }}</ref> [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://music.library.wisc.edu/resources/scores.html |title=Online Scores |accessdate=September 14, 2008. |date=2007 |work=University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries }}</ref> [[California Institute of the Arts]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.calarts.edu/library |title=CalArts Library |accessdate=September 14, 2008. |date=2007 |work=CalArts Library }}</ref> and it had been submitted to MERLOT by a member professor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=243764 |title=Material Detail, IMSLP |accessdate=September 14, 2008. |author=Alvira, Jose Rodriguez |date=2007-03-18 |work=Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching }}</ref>
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| − | === Closure ===
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| − | On October 19, 2007, the IMSLP closed following legal demands from [[Universal Edition]] a classical music publishing firm of [[Vienna]], [[Austria]].<ref name=cd /> The [[cease and desist]] letter expressed concern that some works that are in public domain in the server's location in Canada with [[copyright]] protection of 50 years post mortem, but which are protected by the 70 years post mortem term in Austria and some other countries, were available in those countries. The administrator of the website, Edward W. Guo, known under the nickname Feldmahler, decided to close down the repository, but left the forums online so that discussions into the best way to proceed could be made:<ref name="multiple">Feldmahler, "Open letter" [http://imslp.on-wiki.net/Open_letter] User talk:Feldmahler 2007-10-19 Retrieved September 14, 2008.</ref>
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| − | {{quotation|On Saturday October 13, 2007, I received a second Cease and Desist letter from Universal Edition. At first I thought this letter would be similar in content to the first Cease and Desist letter I received in August. However, after lengthy discussions with very knowledgeable lawyers and supporters, I became painfully aware of the fact that I, a normal college student, has neither the energy nor the money necessary to deal with this issue in any other way than to agree with the cease and desist, and take down the entire site. I cannot apologize enough to all IMSLP contributors, who have done so much for IMSLP in the last two years.|Feldmahler (project leader)}}
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| − | In response, director [[Michael S. Hart]] of [[Project Gutenberg]] offered support to keep the project online.<ref>Hart, Michael (2007-10-23). [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/bparchive?year=2007&post=2007-10-23,2 Re: Three quick links on digitizations and their constraints]. Book People mailing list. Retrieved September 14, 2008.</ref> This offer was declined by Feldmahler, who voiced concern about having the project hosted in the [[United States]], and consulted the Canadian wing of Project Gutenberg.<ref name="multiple">Feldmahler Open letter [http://imslp.on-wiki.net/Open_letter] User talk:Feldmahler 2007-10-19 Retrieved September 14, 2008.</ref> On November 2, 2007, Michael Geist, a prominent [[Canada|Canadian]] copyright academic, wrote an article for [[BBC]] discussing the specifics and the wider implications of this case.<ref>Michael Geist,[http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7074786.stm The day the music died ] 2007-11-02 ''BBC News''. Retrieved September 14, 2008.</ref>
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| − | IMSLP went back online on 30 June, 2008.
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| − | == Similar projects ==
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| − | ===Mutopia project===
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| − | The '''Mutopia project''' is a volunteer-run effort to create a library of [[free content]] [[sheet music]], in a way similar to [[Project Gutenberg]]'s library of public domain books.
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| − | The music is reproduced from old scores that are out of [[copyright]]. The new scores are typeset with [[GNU LilyPond]] and distributed in [[Portable Document Format|PDF]], [[PostScript]], [[Midi]], and LilyPond format.
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| − | Currently, there are more than 1300 pieces of sheet music available, more than half of which are pieces for [[piano]]. There are also many pieces for [[voice]], and various other [[musical instrument]]s. On the Mutopia project home page, there is a list with links to the most recently added pieces.
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| − | ===Choral Public Domain Library===
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| − | {{Infobox Website
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| − | | name = Choral Public Domain Library
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| − | | screenshot = [[Image:CPDL logo.gif|CPDL logo.gif]]
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| − | | url = http://www.cpdl.org/
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| − | | commercial = No
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| − | | type = [[Music score]] library
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| − | | language = [[English language|English]] with some help pages in other languages
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| − | | registration = Optional (required for contributing)
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| − | | owner = CPDL community
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| − | | author = Rafael Ornes
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| − | | launch date = December 1998
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| − | | current status = Active
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| − | }}
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| − | The '''Choral Public Domain Library''' (CPDL) is a [[sheet music]] archive which focuses on [[choir|choral]] and vocal [[music]] in the [[public domain]].
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| − | Music is available for free [[uploading and downloading|download]] in a variety of [[file format|formats]], including score images in [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] and [[Tagged Image File Format|TIFF]] format, sound files in [[Musical Instrument Digital Interface|MIDI]] and [[MP3]] formats, and in the notation formats supported by various notation programs, including [[Finale (computer program)|Finale, Finale Allegro, Finale PrintMusic, and Finale Notepad]] by MakeMusic, [[Sibelius Software|Sibelius]], by Sibelius, [[Noteworthy composer]], Encore, and the open source [[GNU Lilypond]]. Most scores on CPDL are distributed under an [[open-source]] license. CPDL archives over 8,900 scores contributed by over 400 editors and composers. It includes large numbers of scores by many composers, especially from the [[:Category:Renaissance composers|Renaissance]] period, including nearly complete vocal works by [[William Byrd]] and [[Tomás Luis de Victoria]] in excellent editions.
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| − | CPDL is suggested as a resource by departmental or faculty websites at [[Kent State|Kent State University]], [[Northern Illinois University]], the [[University of Oregon]], the [[University of Western Ontario]], the Internet Public Library of the [[University of Michigan]], the [[University at Albany, The State University of New York]], by the [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA Music Library]] and by inclusion by faculty members in syllabi for courses at [[Stanford University|Stanford]] and the [[University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh]]. It is recommended by the Iowa and Massachusetts chapters of the [[American Choral Directors Association]], and is included in the resource database of Intute, an association of Institutions in the UK.
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| − | In 2005 CPDL was [[porting|ported]] to [[wiki]] format, and is now accessible at [[ChoralWiki:Main Page|ChoralWiki]], making it easier for users to obtain more features beyond the mere archiving and making scores accessible for download from CPDL, including:
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| − | *original texts, their sources and translations,
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| − | *cross indexing of choral music using criteria including musical genre, period, and number and voicing of choral parts,
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| − | *composer information,
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| − | *description and performance considerations can be included for works, and
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| − | *contents of collections of choral music.
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| − | ===Werner Icking Music Archive===
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| − | The '''Werner Icking Music Archive''', often abbreviated '''WIMA''', is a web archive of [[public domain]] [[sheet music]]. WIMA continues the defunct '''GMD Music Archive''' and is named after its founder, the late [[Werner Icking]]. At present the archive is held by [http://icking-music-archive.org/scores/mondrup/Introduction.php Christian Mondrup].
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| − | WIMA offers primarily [[European classical music|classical music]], but the archive also contains [[jazz]] scores. WIMA is also the home site of [[MusiXTeX]], a suite of open source music typesetting utilities based on the typesetting system [[TeX]]
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| − | The majority of the compositions represented in WIMA is [[early music]]. Some of the early music scores published in WIMA are the first ''modern editions'' of these compositions. A number of contemporary composers have chosen to publish their works in WIMA.
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| − | The older music offered in WIMA is out of [[copyright]]. The scores are electronically typeset by volunteers and distributed in [[Portable Document Format|PDF]], often accompanied by their typesetting files.
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| − | == Notes==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | ==References==
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| − | '''Books and articles:'''
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| − | *International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, Holger H. Hoos, and David Bainbridge. ''ISMIR 2003: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Music Information Retrieval : October 26-30, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.'' Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 2003.
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| − | *International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, J. Stephen Downie, and David Bainbridge. ''ISMIR 2001: October 15-17, 2001 : 2nd Annual International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, Indiana Memorial Union, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.'' Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University, University Information Technology Services, 2001.
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| − |
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| − | '''Online sources:'''
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| − | *[http://libraries.mit.edu/music/ Lewis Music Library]. MIT Libraries, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *[http://music.library.wisc.edu/resources/scores.html Online Scores.] University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *[http://www.freesheetmusicguide.com/classical.htm Classical and Choral Sheet Music.] The Free Sheet Music Guide, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *[http://www.lib.umd.edu/PAL/resources.html Online Resources for the Study of Music, Theatre, & Dance.] University of Maryland Libraries, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *[http://www.lib.washington.edu/subject/Music/dr/elsco.html Musical Scores.] University of Washington Libraries, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *[http://www.mcgill.ca/music-library/collections/links/ Online resources.] Marvin Duchow Music Library, McGill, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *[http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/music/research_help/outsidelinks.html#sheet Outside links of interest.] Stanford University, Libraries and Academic Information Resources, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *Clark, Ken. [http://imslpforums.org/Second%20U-E%20Cease%20and%20Desist%20Letter.pdf Cease and Desist Letter from Universal Edition AG (PDF).] Aird & Berlis LLP (2007-10-05). Retrieved 2007-10-20.
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| − | *Conlib. [http://oberlinconservatorylibrary.blogspot.com/2007/04/classical-music-in-public-domain.html Classical Music in the Public Domain.] News from the Oberlin Conservatory Library (2007-04-26). Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *MIT. [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Music-and-Theater-Arts/21M-250Fall-2006/Listening/index.htm 21M.250 Schubert to Debussy], Fall 2006. MIT OpenCourseWare, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *Moore, Christie. [http://news-libraries.mit.edu/blog/archives/354 Wiki of public domain classical scores]. MIT Library News (2007-01-05). Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *Quist, Ned. [http://dl.lib.brown.edu/gateway/program.php?programid=45&task=internet#32 Selected internet resources for music.] Brown University Library, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | *Sharp, Peter Jay. [http://library.msmnyc.edu/screens/freestuff.html Free stuff on the web.] The Peter Jay Sharp Library, Manhattan School of Music, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2008..
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | All links retrieved September 14, 2008.
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| − | * [http://imslp.org/index.php?title=Main_Page& IMSLP], official site.
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| − | * [http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page Choral Public Domain Library], focused on choral and vocal music.
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| − | * [http://www.MutopiaProject.org/ Mutopia project home page Mutopia project], focused on typeset scores.
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| − | * [http://icking-music-archive.org/index.php Werner Icking Music Archive].
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| − | * [http://www.musopen.com/sheetmusic.php Musopen Public Domain Sheet Music]
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| − | [[Category:Library and information science]]
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| − | [[Category:Music]]
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| − | {{credits|International_Music_Score_Library_Project|217897837|Mutopia_project|218677830|Choral_Public_Domain_Library|218806927|Werner_Icking_Music_Archive|192676715|}}
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