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| − | | + | #redirect [[Emperor Gojong of Korea]] |
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| − | {{POV}}{{Infobox Korean name|
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| − | img=|
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| − | hangul=고종 광무제 (''short'' 고종)|
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| − | hanja=高宗光武帝 (''short'' 高宗)|
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| − | rr=Gojong Gwangmuje (''short'' Gojong)|
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| − | mr=Kojong Kwangmuje(''short'' Kojong)}}
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| − | '''Gojong''', the '''Gwangmu Emperor''' (July 25 1852–January 21 1919) was the twenty-sixth king of the [[Korea]]n [[Joseon Dynasty]] and the first emperor of the [[Korean Empire]].
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| − | == Rise to the throne ==
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| − | Gojong took the throne in 1863 when he was still a child. His father, Regent Heungseon ([[Daewon-gun]]), ruled for him until Gojong reached adulthood. It was during Daeweon-gun's reign that the main palace at [[Gyeongbokgung]] was restored as the seat of the royalty.
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| − | == Reign ==
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| − | [[Image:Coa korea empire.png|thumb|60px|left|The Plum flower became symbol of Royal Family after [[Gabo Reform]] in 1894]]
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| − | Following the invasion of Korea by [[China|Chinese]], [[Japan]]ese, and [[Russia]]n forces during the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]] (1894–95) and
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| − | [[Russo-Japanese War]](1904-1905), a struggle began for influence in the Korean peninsula. Russia at first seemed to be coming out ahead; the Russian consul in [[Seoul]], [[Karl Ivanovich Weber]], developed a personal friendship with Gojong, and after the assassination of [[Empress Myeongseong|Queen Min]], personally offered him refuge in the Russian Legation.<ref name="Volkov">{{cite journal|issue=23|last=Volkov|first=M.|title=Русские в Корее- имена и судьбы (Russians in Korea - Names and Fates)|date=May 2004|url=http://www.korusforum.org/PHP/STV.php?stid=34|journal=Korusforum Journal, Center for Contemporary Korean Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> However, after the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), Gojong was pressured instead to accept pro-Japanese advisors to the royal court by the [[Meiji Emperor]] of Japan. His domestic and foreign policies, however, proved to be successful in the face of Japanese pressure. Gojong played the rival Russian, Japanese and Chinese sides off of each other to prevent each of them from totally controlling Korea .
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| − | Gojong proclaimed the [[Korean Empire]] in 1897 to justify its independence from tributary status of China. Following the [[Protectorate Treaty]] of 1905 between Korea and Japan, which stripped Korea of its rights as an independent nation, he sent representatives to the [[Hague Peace Conference#Hague Convention of 1907|Hague Peace Convention]] of 1907 in order to try and re-assert his sovereignty over Korea. Although the Korean representatives were blocked by the Japanese delegates, they did not give up, and later held interviews with newspapers. One representative warned forebodingly of Japanese ambitions in Asia:
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| − | "The United States does not realize what Japan's policy in the Far East is and what it portends for the American people. The Japanese adopted a policy that in the end will give her complete control over commerce and industry in the Far East. Japan is bitter against the United States and against Great Britain. If the United States does not watch Japan closely she will force the Americans and the English out of the Far East." As a result, an enraged Meiji forced Gojong to abdicate in favour of Gojong's son, [[Sunjong of Korea|Sunjong]].
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| − | == Children ==
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| − | * '''[[Yi Seon]]''' (''Wanhwa-gun'' or ''Wanchin-wang''), first son with his partner, Lady Yeongbodang, (16 April 1868–12 January 1880)
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| − | * '''[[Sunjong of Joseon|Yi Cheok]]''' ''(Hwangtaeja)'', fourth son with his first wife, [[Empress Myeongseong]]. He was married to Miss Min, a daughter of Min Tae-ho – a leader of the Yeoheung-Min clan – known posthumously as Empress [[Sunmyeong]]; however, she died before her husband's enthronement. Cheok married again Miss Yun, a daughter of Yun Taek-yeong, who became known as the [[Sunjeong of Korea|Empress Sunjeong]].
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| − | * '''[[Yi Gang, Prince Euihwa|Yi Gang]]''' (''Uihwa-gun'' or ''Uichin-wang''), fifth son with his partner, Lady Jang, (30 March 1877–August 1955); He married Kim Su-deok, who became Princess Deogin; a daughter of Baron Kim Sa-jun.
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| − | * '''[[Crown Prince Euimin|Yi Eun]]''' ''(Yeongchin-wang)'', seventh son with his second wife, Princess Consort Sunheon, (20 October 1897–1 May 1970), (see [[Yi Eun|Crown Prince Eun]]); He married Princess [[Yi Bangja|Masako Nashimotonomiya]] of Japan, a daughter of Prince [[Nashimoto Morimasa|Morimasa Nashimotonomiya]] of Japan.
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| − | * '''[[Yi Yuk]]''', eighth son with his partner, Lady Gwanghwa-dang (1906–1908)
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| − | * '''[[Yi U]]''', ninth son with his partner, Lady Bohyeon-dang; unfortunately, he died in infancy.
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| − | * '''[[Deokhye, Princess of Korea|Lady Deokhye]]''' ''(Deokhye Ongju)'', fourth daughter with his partner, Lady Bongnyeong-dang, (25 May 1912–11 April 1989); she married Count Takeyuki Sō, a Japanese nobleman of [[Tsushima]].
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| − | == Titles ==
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| − | * The Lord Yi Myeong-bok (Jaehwang) (李命福 이명복 ''Yi Myeong-bok''), the second son of Prince [[Daewon-gun|Heungseon]], a great-great-grandson of [[Yeongjo]] (1852–1863)
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| − | * ''His Majesty'' King Gojong of Korea (1863–1897)
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| − | * ''His Imperial Majesty'' Emperor Gwangmu of Korea (大韓帝國光武大皇帝陛下 대한제국광무대황제폐하 ''Daehan Jeguk Gwangmu Daehwangje Pyeha'') (1897–1907)
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| − | * ''His Imperial Majesty'' The Emperor Emeritus of Korea (大韓帝國太皇帝陛下 대한제국태황제폐하 ''Daehan Jeguk Taehwangje Pyeha'') (1907–1910), after his abdication by force of the Japanese government.
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| − | ** ''His Majesty'' The King Emeritus Yi of Korea (德壽宮李太王殿下 덕수궁이태왕전하 ''deok su gung Yi Taewang Jeonha'') (1910–1919), a demoted title given by the Japanese government on the annexation of Korea, ignored in Korea
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| − | == His full posthumous name ==
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| − | * His Imperial Majesty Emperor Gojong Tongcheon Yung-un Jogeuk Donyun Jeongseong Gwang-ui Myeonggong Daedeok Yojun Sunhwi Umo Tanggyeong Eungmyeong Ripgi Jihwa Sinryeol Oehun Hong-eop Gyegi Seonryeok Geonhaeng Gonjeong Yeong-ui Honghyu Sugang Munheon Mujang Inik Jeonghyo of Korea
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| − | * 대한제국고종통천융운조극돈윤정성광의명공대덕요준순휘우모탕경응명립기지화신렬외훈홍업계기선력건행곤정영의홍휴수강문헌무장인익정효황제폐하
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| − | * 大韓帝國高宗統天隆運肇極敦倫正聖光義明功大德堯峻舜徽禹謨湯敬應命立紀至化神烈巍勳洪業啓基宣曆乾行坤定英毅弘休壽康文憲武章仁翼貞孝皇帝陛下
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| − | {{start box}}
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| − | {{s-hou|[[House of Yi]]<br/><small>([[Joseon Dynasty|Chosŏn dynasty]])</small>|July 25|1852|January 21|1919}}
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| − | {{s-reg|}}
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| − | {{s-bef|before=[[Cheoljong of Joseon|Cheoljong]]}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|title=[[List of Korean Rulers|King of Korea]]|years=1863-1897}}
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| − | {{s-non|reason=became Emperor|reason2=Title dissolved}}
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| − | {{s-new|rows=2|reason=Empire declared}}
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| − | {{s-ttl|rows=2|title=[[List of Korean Rulers|Emperor of Korea]]|years=1897-1907}}
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| − | {{s-non|reason=Abdication forced by Japan}}
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| − | {{s-aft|after=[[Sunjong of Korean Empire|Yunghui Emperor]]}}
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| − | {{end box}}
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{reflist}}
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| − | [[Category:Joseon rulers]]
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| − | [[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
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| − | {{credits|Gojong_of_the_Korean_Empire|166939862}}
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