Difference between revisions of "Science Museum (London)" - New World Encyclopedia

Science Museum
Established	1857
Location	Exhibition Road, London SW7
Visitor figures	2,400,000 (2006)
Director	Professor Martin Earwicker
Nearest tube station(s)	South Kensington
Website	www.sciencemuseum.org.uk
	Template:Infobox Museum NMSI network

Latest revision as of 02:36, 21 April 2023

The Science Museum (London) is one of many major science museums in the world and is a part of the National Museum of Science and Industry. England played a key role for the developments of sciences and technologies in the modern world. It exhibits James Watt's steam engine, Galileo Galilei 's telescope, the first locomotive, Alexander Graham Bell's telephone and other historical innovations that contributed to the Industrial Revolution.

The Museum not only holds remarkable historical collections but also provides opportunities for visitors to have hands on experience for items appropriate to their age groups. The Museum has well integrated the past and the future of sciences and technologies, which explains the continuity of scientific history. The Museum also supplies various resources for educators by sending curators to schools to make scientific presentations. Visitors feel the spirit of innovation from the way the Museum provides services and exhibitions. The Museum is one of the best tourist attractions in London and it certainly appeals the value of England for her contributions to the development of human history.

Origin

In 1857 under Bennet Woodcroft from the collection of the Royal Society of Arts and surplus items from the Great Exhibition, a museum was born. Initially part of the South Kensington Museum, together with what is now the Victoria and Albert Museum, it then became separated and became the Museum of Patents in 1858, the Patent Office Museum in 1863. This museum contained many of the most famous exhibits of what is now the Science Museum. In 1885, the Science Collections were renamed the Science Museum and in 1893 a separate Director was appointed.^[1] The Art Collections were renamed the Art Museum, which became the Victoria and Albert Museum nearby. The Patent Office Museum was merged into the Science Museum in 1909.

Collections

James Watt

DNA reconstruction model built by Crick and Watson in 1953.

The Science Museum now holds a collection of over 300,000 items, including such famous items as James Watt's steam engine, Galileo Galilei 's telescope, Alexander Graham Bell's telephone, Stephenson's Rocket, Puffing Billy (the oldest surviving steam locomotive), the first jet engine, a reconstruction of Francis Crick and James Watson's model of DNA, some of the earliest remaining steam engines, a working example of Charles Babbage's Difference engine, the first prototype of the 10,000-year Clock of the Long Now, and documentation of the first typewriter. It also contains hundreds of interactive exhibits. A recent addition is the IMAX 3D Cinema showing science and nature documentaries, some of them in 3-D, and the Wellcome Wing which focuses on digital technology.^[2] Entrance has been free since December 1, 2001.

The museum houses some of the many objects collected by Henry Wellcome around a medical theme. On the fourth floor, an exhibit called "Glimpses of Medical History" exhibits reconstructions and dioramas of the history of practiced medicine. The fifth floor gallery called "Science and the Art of Medicine," holds medical instruments and practices from ancient days and from many countries. The collection is strong in clinical medicine, biosciences and public health. The museum is a member of the London Museums of Health & Medicine.

The Science Museum has a dedicated library, and until the 1960s was Britain's National Library for Science, Medicine and Technology. It holds runs of periodicals, early books and manuscripts, and is used by scholars world-wide. It has for a number of years been run in conjunction with the Library of Imperial College, but in 2004 the Museum was unable to bear its share of the cost, so options are being discussed for the library's break-up and dispersal.

The Science Museum's medical collections have a global scope and coverage probably not bettered in the world. Strengths include Clinical Medicine, Biosciences and Public Health. The new Wellcome Wing, with its focus on Bioscience, makes the Museum the world's leading centre for the presentation of contemporary science to the public.

The Dana Centre

In November 2003, the Science Museum opened the Dana Centre. The Centre is an urban bar and café annexed to the Museum.

In October 2007, The Science Museum cancelled a talk by the co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, James D. Watson, because he claimed that IQ test results showed blacks to have lower intelligence than whites. The decision was criticized by some scientists as well as supported by other scientists, including Steven Rose.^[3]

Science Night

The Science Museum also organizes "Science Night": "An all night extravaganza with a scientific twist." Up to 380 children aged between eight and 11, accompanied by adults, are invited to spend an evening performing fun "science based" activities and then spend the night sleeping in the galleries museum amongst the exhibits. In the morning, they're woken to breakfast and more science, watching an IMAX film before the end of the event.

Galleries

An early particle accelerator, built in 1937 by Philips of Eindhoven.

The Science Museum is made up of a number of galleries, some of which are permanent, and some of which are temporary.

Power: The East Hall

The East Hall is the first area that most visitors see as they enter the building, stretching up through three floors. The ground floor area is mostly filled with iconic steam engines of various sorts, which together tells the story of the British industrial revolution. Suspended from the ceiling is a giant metallic ring, the inside of which is covered in white LEDs which form patterns and display messages typed into kiosks by visitors in the Energy gallery. Also in the East Hall is a Waterstone's bookshop, selling only books related to popular science and mathematics in accordance with the museum, and the Revolution café.

Exploring Space

Exploring Space is a historical gallery, filled with rockets and exhibits that tell the story of human space exploration and the benefits that space exploration has brought us (particularly in the world of telecommunications).

Making the Modern World

Making the Modern World is a relatively new gallery, in which some of the museum's most iconic objects, including Stephenson's Rocket and an Apollo space capsule, are imaginatively displayed along a timeline chronicling man's technological achievements.

Flight

Flight is another longstanding gallery, up towards the western end of the third floor. Contained in the gallery is a number of full sized aeroplanes and helicopters, including Spitfire and Hurricane fighters, as well as numerous aero-engines and a cross-section of a Boeing 747.

Launchpad

One of the most popular galleries in the museum is the interactive Launchpad gallery. Redesigned and reopened in November 2007, the new look gallery houses over 50 interactive exhibits illustrating many different concepts in physical science. The gallery is staffed by Explainers who are available to demonstrate how exhibits work, conduct live experiments and perform shows to schools and the visiting public.

Touring exhibitions

The Science Museum has developed many touring exhibitions over the years. The Science Box contemporary science series toured various venues in the UK and Europe in the 1990s and from 1995 The Science of Sport appeared in various incarnations and venues around the World. In 2005 The Science Museum teamed up with Fleming Media to set up The Science of... who develop and tour exhibitions including The Science of Aliens, The Science of Spying and The Science of Survival.

In 2008, The Science of Survival exhibition opened to the public and allowed visitors to explore what the world might be like in 2050 and how mankind will meet the challenges of climate change and energy shortages.

Educational resources

The Science Museum provides educational resources: educational materials for teachers; online information for pre-visit and post-visit studies; experiential exhibits for different age groups. With these educational resource supports, teachers can easily integrate museum visit to their science education at school. The Museum additionally provides services to send a team of curators and to perform interesting scientific experiments that can be performed in a classroom.

Visitors can experience innovative spirit both in their exhibitions and science education.

Image gallery

Beech 18
Stephenson's Rocket
Making the Modern World
Model of steam boat
Bi-plane c1910's
Part of the replica Difference Engine

Notes

↑ Greater London Council and Francis Henry Wollaston Sheppard, Survey of London. Vol.38, The Museums Area of South Kensington and Westminster (London: Athlone Press, 1975), 252.
↑ Science Museum - About us - Wellcome Wing, Science Museum. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
↑ Steven Rose, Comment is free: Watson's bad science, guardian.co.uk, Sunday, October 21, 2007. Retrieved September 12, 2008.

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Boon, Timothy. 2001. "FEATURES - MAKING THE MODERN WORLD - The Science Museum, London, Last Year Opened Its Largest Historical Gallery. Timothy Boon Explains the Role of History Within the Display." History Today. 51: 38.
Gonzalez, Adrian. 2003. "Reviews - Medicine Without Doctors - Adrian Gonzalez Reports on 'Treat Yourself', an Exhibition at the Science Museum, London." BMJ: British Medical Journal 326, no. 7402: 1338.
Greater London Council, and Francis Henry Wollaston Sheppard. Survey of London. Vol.38, The Museums Area of South Kensington and Westminster. London: Athlone Press, 1975.
Prichard, M. J. 2000. "Wellcome Wing, Science Museum, London." ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW -LONDON-. no. 1245: 52-57.
Rose, Steven. Comment is free: Watson's bad science, guardian.co.uk, Sunday, October 21, 2007. Retrieved September 12, 2008.

External links

All links retrieved January 25, 2023.

Official website of the Science Museum
The official Science Museum print website containing many paintings, prints and posters from the museum's collections
Dana Centre website

Credits

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Science_Museum_(London) ^history

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History of "Science Museum (London)"

Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.

[1] Greater London Council and Francis Henry Wollaston Sheppard, Survey of London. Vol.38, The Museums Area of South Kensington and Westminster (London: Athlone Press, 1975), 252.

[2] Science Museum - About us - Wellcome Wing, Science Museum. Retrieved September 12, 2008.

[3] Steven Rose, Comment is free: Watson's bad science, guardian.co.uk, Sunday, October 21, 2007. Retrieved September 12, 2008.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-:''For science museum in general, see [[Science museum]].''
+{{Copyedited}}{{Images OK}}{{submitted}}{{approved}}
 {{infobox London museum
 |name= Science Museum
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 |website= [http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk www.sciencemuseum.org.uk]
 |network= NMSI}}
+'''The Science Museum''' ([[London]]) is one of many major [[science museum]]s in the world and is a part of the [[National Museum of Science and Industry]]. [[England]] played a key role for the developments of sciences and technologies in the modern world. It exhibits [[James Watt]]'s [[steam engine]], [[Galileo Galilei ]]'s [[telescope]], the first [[locomotive]], [[Alexander Graham Bell]]'s [[telephone]] and other historical innovations that contributed to the [[Industrial Revolution]].
-'''The Science Museum''' ([[London]]) is part of the [[National Museum of Science and Industry]]. The [[museum]] is a major London [[tourist attraction]].
+{{toc}}
+The [[Museum]] not only holds remarkable historical collections but also provides opportunities for visitors to have hands on experience for items appropriate to their age groups. The Museum has well integrated the past and the future of [[science]]s and [[technology|technologies]], which explains the continuity of [[history of science|scientific history]]. The Museum also supplies various resources for [[education|educators]] by sending [[curator|curators]] to schools to make scientific presentations. Visitors feel the spirit of innovation from the way the Museum provides services and exhibitions. The Museum is one of the best tourist attractions in London and it certainly appeals the [[value]] of England for her contributions to the development of human history.
 ==Origin==
-A museum was founded in 1857 under [[Bennet Woodcroft]] from the collection of the [[Royal Society of Arts]] and surplus items from the [[Great Exhibition]]. It was initially part of the [[South Kensington Museum]], together with what is now the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], but was separated and became the ''Museum of Patents'' in 1858, the ''Patent Office Museum'' in 1863. This museum contained many of the most famous exhibits of what is now the Science Museum. In 1885, the Science Collections were renamed the Science Museum and in 1893 a separate Director was appointed<ref>Greater London Council, and Francis Henry Wollaston Sheppard. ''Survey of London. Vol.38, The Museums Area of South Kensington and Westminster.'' London: Athlone Press, 1975. p. 252.</ref>. The Art Collections were renamed the ''Art Museum'', which became the Victoria and Albert Museum nearby. The Patent Office Museum was merged into the Science Museum in 1909.
+In 1857 under [[Bennet Woodcroft]] from the collection of the [[Royal Society of Arts]] and surplus items from the [[Great Exhibition]], a museum was born. Initially part of the [[South Kensington Museum]], together with what is now the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], it then became separated and became the ''Museum of Patents'' in 1858, the ''Patent Office Museum'' in 1863. This museum contained many of the most famous exhibits of what is now the Science Museum. In 1885, the Science Collections were renamed the Science Museum and in 1893 a separate Director was appointed.<ref>Greater London Council and Francis Henry Wollaston Sheppard, ''Survey of London. Vol.38, The Museums Area of South Kensington and Westminster'' (London: Athlone Press, 1975), 252.</ref> The Art Collections were renamed the ''Art Museum'', which became the Victoria and Albert Museum nearby. The Patent Office Museum was merged into the Science Museum in 1909.
 ==Collections==
-[[Image:DNA Model Crick-Watson.jpg|thumb|180px|left|[[DNA]] [http://www.farooqhussain.org/projects/ reconstruction] model built by [[Francis Crick|Crick]] and [[James D. Watson|Watson]] in 1953.]]
+[[Image:James Watt.jpg|thumb|James Watt]]
-The Science Museum now holds a collection of over 300,000 items, including such famous items as [[Stephenson's Rocket]], [[Puffing Billy (locomotive)|Puffing Billy]] (the oldest surviving steam locomotive), the first [[jet engine]], a reconstruction of [[Francis Crick]] and James Watson's model of [[DNA]], some of the earliest remaining [[steam engine]]s, a working example of [[Charles Babbage]]'s [[Difference engine]], the first prototype of the 10,000-year [[Clock of the Long Now]], and documentation of the first [[typewriter]]. It also contains hundreds of interactive exhibits. A recent addition is the [[IMAX]] 3D Cinema showing science and nature [[documentary film|documentaries]], some of them in [[3-D film|3-D]], and the Wellcome Wing which focuses on digital technology<ref>[http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/about_us/doing_business_with_us/corporate_and_private_events/venues/wellcome_wing.aspx?keywords=wellcome+wing Science Museum - About us - Wellcome Wing], Science Museum. Retrieved September 12, 2008.</ref>. Entrance has been free since 1 December 2001.
+[[Image:DNA Model Crick-Watson.jpg|thumb|180px|left|[[DNA]] reconstruction model built by [[Francis Crick|Crick]] and [[James D. Watson|Watson]] in 1953.]]
+The Science Museum now holds a collection of over 300,000 items, including such famous items as [[James Watt]]'s [[steam engine]], [[Galileo Galilei ]]'s [[telescope]], [[Alexander Graham Bell]]'s [[telephone]], [[Stephenson's Rocket]], [[Puffing Billy (locomotive)|Puffing Billy]] (the oldest surviving [[steam locomotive]]), the first [[jet engine]], a reconstruction of [[Francis Crick]] and [[James Watson]]'s model of [[DNA]], some of the earliest remaining steam engines, a working example of [[Charles Babbage]]'s [[Difference engine]], the first prototype of the 10,000-year [[Clock of the Long Now]], and documentation of the first [[typewriter]]. It also contains hundreds of interactive exhibits. A recent addition is the [[IMAX]] 3D Cinema showing science and nature [[documentary film|documentaries]], some of them in [[3-D film|3-D]], and the Wellcome Wing which focuses on digital technology.<ref>[http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/about_us/doing_business_with_us/corporate_and_private_events/venues/wellcome_wing.aspx?keywords=wellcome+wing Science Museum - About us - Wellcome Wing], Science Museum. Retrieved September 12, 2008.</ref> Entrance has been free since December 1, 2001.
-The museum houses some of the many objects collected by [[Henry Wellcome]] around a medical theme. The fourth floor exhibit is called "Glimpses of Medical History," with reconstructions and [[diorama]]s of the history of practiced medicine. The fifth floor gallery is called "Science and the Art of Medicine," with exhibits of medical instruments and practices from ancient days and from many countries. The collection is strong in clinical medicine, biosciences and public health. The museum is a member of [[the London Museums of Health & Medicine]].
+The museum houses some of the many objects collected by [[Henry Wellcome]] around a medical theme. On the fourth floor, an exhibit called "Glimpses of Medical History" exhibits reconstructions and [[diorama]]s of the history of practiced medicine. The fifth floor gallery called "Science and the Art of Medicine," holds medical instruments and practices from ancient days and from many countries. The collection is strong in clinical medicine, biosciences and public health. The museum is a member of [[the London Museums of Health & Medicine]].
 The Science Museum has a dedicated [[library]], and until the 1960s was Britain's National Library for Science, Medicine and Technology. It holds runs of periodicals, early books and manuscripts, and is used by scholars world-wide. It has for a number of years been run in conjunction with the Library of [[Imperial College]], but in 2004 the Museum was unable to bear its share of the cost, so options are being discussed for the library's break-up and dispersal.
@@ Line 29: / Line 31: @@
 In November 2003, the Science Museum opened [[the Dana Centre]]. The Centre is an urban bar and café annexed to the Museum.
-In October 2007 The Science Museum cancelled a talk by the co-discoverer of the structure of [[DNA]], [[James D. Watson]], because he claimed that [[IQ test]] results showed blacks to have lower intelligence than whites. The decision was criticised by some scientists as well as supported by other scientists, including [[Steven Rose]] <ref>  Rose, Steven. [http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/steven_rose/2007/10/watsons_bad_science.html Comment is free: Watson's bad science], guardian.co.uk, Sunday October 21 2007 12:00 BST. Retrieved September 12, 2008.</ref>.
+In October 2007, The Science Museum cancelled a talk by the co-discoverer of the structure of [[DNA]], [[James D. Watson]], because he claimed that [[IQ test]] results showed blacks to have lower intelligence than whites. The decision was criticized by some scientists as well as supported by other scientists, including [[Steven Rose]].<ref>Steven Rose, [http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/steven_rose/2007/10/watsons_bad_science.html Comment is free: Watson's bad science], guardian.co.uk, Sunday, October 21, 2007. Retrieved September 12, 2008.</ref>
 ==Science Night==
-The Science Museum also organises "Science Night," "all night extravaganza with a scientific twist." Up to 380 children aged between 8 and 11, accompanied by adults, are invited to spend an evening performing fun "science based" activities and then spend the night sleeping in the galleries museum amongst the exhibits. In the morning, they're woken to breakfast and more science, watching an [[IMAX]] film before the end of the event.
+The Science Museum also organizes "Science Night": "An all night extravaganza with a scientific twist." Up to 380 children aged between eight and 11, accompanied by adults, are invited to spend an evening performing fun "science based" activities and then spend the night sleeping in the galleries museum amongst the exhibits. In the morning, they're woken to breakfast and more science, watching an [[IMAX]] film before the end of the event.
 ==Galleries==
@@ Line 39: / Line 41: @@
 ===Power: The East Hall===
-The ''East Hall'' is the first area that most visitors see as they enter the building, stretching up through three floors. On the ground, the area is mostly filled with iconic [[steam engines]] of various sorts, which together tell the story of the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[industrial revolution]]. Up in the air, suspended from the ceiling is giant metallic ring, the inside of which is covered in white [[LEDs]] which form patterns and display messages typed into kiosks by visitors in the Energy gallery.
+The ''East Hall'' is the first area that most visitors see as they enter the building, stretching up through three floors. The ground floor area is mostly filled with iconic [[steam engines]] of various sorts, which together tells the story of the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[industrial revolution]]. Suspended from the ceiling is a giant metallic ring, the inside of which is covered in white [[LEDs]] which form patterns and display messages typed into kiosks by visitors in the Energy gallery.
-Also in the East Hall is a Waterstone's bookshop, selling only books related to popular science and mathematics in accordance with the museum, and the Revolution café.
+Also in the East Hall is a ''Waterstone's'' bookshop, selling only books related to popular science and mathematics in accordance with the museum, and the ''Revolution café''.
 ===Exploring Space===
@@ Line 46: / Line 48: @@
 ===Making the Modern World===
-[[Image:Stephenson's_Rocket.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Stephenson's Rocket]]]]
 ''Making the Modern World'' is a relatively new gallery, in which some of the museum's most iconic objects, including [[Stephenson's Rocket]] and an Apollo space capsule, are imaginatively displayed along a timeline chronicling man's technological achievements.
@@ Line 56: / Line 58: @@
 ==Touring exhibitions==
-The Science Museum has developed many touring exhibitions over the years. ''The Science Box'' contemporary science series toured various venues in the UK and Europe in the 1990s and from 1995 ''The Science of Sport'' appeared in various incarnations and venues around the World. In 2005 The Science Museum teamed up with Fleming Media to set up ''[[The Science of...]]'' who develop and tour exhibitions including ''[[The Science of Aliens]]'', ''[[The Science of Spying]]'' and ''[[The Science of Survival]]'' .
+The Science Museum has developed many touring exhibitions over the years. ''The Science Box'' contemporary science series toured various venues in the UK and Europe in the 1990s and from 1995 ''The Science of Sport'' appeared in various incarnations and venues around the World. In 2005 The Science Museum teamed up with Fleming Media to set up ''[[The Science of...]]'' who develop and tour exhibitions including ''[[The Science of Aliens]]'', ''[[The Science of Spying]]'' and ''[[The Science of Survival]]''.
 In 2008, ''The Science of Survival'' exhibition opened to the public and allowed visitors to explore what the world might be like in 2050 and how mankind will meet the challenges of climate change and energy shortages.
+==[[Education]]al resources==
+The Science Museum provides educational resources: educational materials for teachers; online information for pre-visit and post-visit studies; experiential exhibits for different age groups. With these educational resource supports, teachers can easily integrate museum visit to their science education at school. The Museum additionally provides services to send a team of [[curator]]s and to perform interesting scientific experiments that can be performed in a classroom.
+Visitors can experience innovative spirit both in their exhibitions and science education.
 ==Image gallery==
@@ Line 64: / Line 72: @@
 Image:Plane in the Science Museum of London.jpg|Beech 18
 Image:Science Museum Stephenson's Rocket.jpg|Stephenson's Rocket
-Image:Science Museum, London - Apollo 10.jpg|Apollo 10 Command Module c1969
 Image:Science Museum - Transportation area.jpg|Making the Modern World
 Image:Steam boat model at Science Museum.jpg|Model of steam boat
 Image:Fighterbomber at Science Museum.jpg|Bi-plane c1910's
 Image:LondonScienceMuseumsReplicaDifferenceEngine.jpg|Part of the replica Difference Engine
-Image:DSCN0421-puffing-billy 600x800.JPG|Puffing Billy
 </gallery>
+==See also==
+*[[Alexander Graham Bell]]
+*[[Charles Babbage]]
+*[[Galileo Galilei ]]
+*[[Industrial Revolution]]
+*[[James Watson]]
+*[[James Watt]]
+*[[locomotive]]
+*[[steam engine]]
+*[[telephone]]
 ==Notes==
 {{reflist}}
 ==References==
-*Boon, Timothy. 2001. "FEATURES - MAKING THE MODERN WORLD - The Science Museum, London, Last Year Opened Its Largest Historical Gallery. Timothy Boon Explains the Role of History Within the Display". ''History Today''. 51: 38.
+*Boon, Timothy. 2001. "FEATURES - MAKING THE MODERN WORLD - The Science Museum, London, Last Year Opened Its Largest Historical Gallery. Timothy Boon Explains the Role of History Within the Display." ''History Today''. 51: 38.
-*Gonzalez, Adrian. 2003. "Reviews - Medicine Without Doctors - Adrian Gonzalez Reports on 'Treat Yourself', an Exhibition at the Science Museum, London". BMJ : ''British Medical Journal''. 326, no. 7402: 1338.
+*Gonzalez, Adrian. 2003. "Reviews - Medicine Without Doctors - Adrian Gonzalez Reports on 'Treat Yourself', an Exhibition at the Science Museum, London." BMJ: ''British Medical Journal'' 326, no. 7402: 1338.
 *Greater London Council, and Francis Henry Wollaston Sheppard. ''Survey of London. Vol.38, The Museums Area of South Kensington and Westminster.'' London: Athlone Press, 1975.
-*Prichard, M. J. 2000. "Wellcome Wing, Science Museum, London". ''ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW -LONDON-.'' no. 1245: 52-57.
+*Prichard, M. J. 2000. "Wellcome Wing, Science Museum, London." ''ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW -LONDON-.'' no. 1245: 52-57.
-*Rose, Steven. [http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/steven_rose/2007/10/watsons_bad_science.html Comment is free: Watson's bad science], guardian.co.uk, Sunday October 21 2007 12:00 BST. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
+*Rose, Steven. [http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/steven_rose/2007/10/watsons_bad_science.html Comment is free: Watson's bad science], guardian.co.uk, Sunday, October 21, 2007. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
 ==External links==
-{{Commonscat|Science Museum (London)}}
+All links retrieved January 25, 2023.
-All links retrieved September 13, 2008.
 * [http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/ Official website of the '''Science Museum''']
-* [http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/ National Museum of Science and Industry website]
 *[http://www.ssplprints.com/?ref=wiki&ad=sspl2 The official Science Museum print website] containing many paintings, prints and posters from the museum's collections
 * [http://www.danacentre.org.uk/ Dana Centre website]
-* [http://www.ingenious.org.uk/ Ingenious Project website]
-* [http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/ Making the Modern World website]
 [[Category:Physical sciences]]